MEHRAN UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY, JAMSHORO

DEPARTMENT OF TELECOMMUNICATION
COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS
Lab 04: To perform & verify Amplitude Modulation: DSB-SC, SSB-RC & SSB-SC

Name Roll No.

Score: Signature of the Lab Tutor: Date:

Lab Per- Subject Data Ana- Ability Presentation Calculation Observation Score
formance Knowledge lysis and to con- and Cod- / Results
Indicator Interpreta- duct the ing
tion experiment
Objective
No. 4

Objective
To perform & verify Amplitude Modulation: DSB-SC, SSB-RC & SSB-SC

Equipments
ˆ DC Power Supply (726 86)

ˆ CF Transmitter 20 KHz 736 201

ˆ Oscilloscope (GW INSTEK GDS-2202)

ˆ Function Generator (HM 8150)

ˆ Connecting Leads, Plug Connectors, Probes

Theory
The DSB signal is simply the algebraic sum of two sinusoidal sidebands. This is the signal which is produced when
a carrier is modulated by a single-tone sine wave information signal. During this process, the carrier is suppressed,
but the two sideband signals remain. However, the carrier is suppressed, the time domain DSB signal is a sine
wave at the carrier frequency varying amplitude. The spectrum occupied by the DSB signal is same as AM signal.
When DSB AM is used, considerable power is saved by eliminating the carrier. This power can be put into the
sidebands for stronger signals over longer distances. Although a DSB AM signal is relatively easy to generate,
DSB is rarely used because the signal is difficult to recover at the receiver. The DSB signals are used in FM and
TV broadcasting to transmit two channel stereo signals.

Working of Ring Modulator

Up until now the modulation process has been described as a multiplication of a harmonic carrier with an equally
harmonic message signal using a multiplier IC i.e. AD 632. However, in practice product modulators in the
form of integrated circuits are of no importance because they only work at relatively low frequencies. A group of
modulators important in practice are known under the name of balanced modulators. These types of balanced
modulators include push-pull and ring modulators. The response of the ring modulator can be investigated using
the training panel 736 201 CF transmitter 20 KHz. Ring modulators are generally designed with special diode and
transistor concepts. An example is illustrated in figure 1.
The bipolar carrier signal Sc (t) is fed into the center taps of the two symmetrical differential transformers.
The diodes are supposed to perform a pure switching operation, which is triggered by the carrier amplitude. For
this the carrier amplitude has to be high enough. During the positive half-oscillations of the carrier Diodes D1 &

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 MEHRAN UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY, JAMSHORO
DEPARTMENT OF TELECOMMUNICATION
COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS
Lab 04: To perform & verify Amplitude Modulation: DSB-SC, SSB-RC & SSB-SC

Figure 1: Ring modulator in diode technology

D2 are triggered in forward direction. They function like two closed switches while the other diodes are blocked.
During this time the modulating signal Sm (t) fed into the transformer on the left flows through to the output
transformer. In the time when carrier’s polarity is reversed, the previously blocked diodes (D3 & D4) perform the
job of transmitting modulating signal to the output transformer. However, this time current of the modulating
signal flows in the reverse direction.

Procedure
Follow the steps given below:

ˆ Connect power supply (726 86) +15V & 0V & -15V using bridging plugs.

ˆ Connect the input signal of 2 KHz and 2V from function generator to the input of the CF transmitter. Also
connect the input to the Ch1 of oscilloscope and observe.
ˆ The signal passes through input filter, later using bridging plugs connect it to the modulation M2.

ˆ Now we need to generate a carrier signal; the carrier signal is generated from the quartz oscillator of 160
KHz, to reduce the frequency to 20 KHz the signal through frequency division (5).

ˆ From 5 the signal passes from two blocks; one from digital; output and other from analog output. Choose
any.
ˆ Connect the chosen block to the modulator.

ˆ Since the two signals have reached the modulator, now take the output from modulator, and connect it to
channel 2 of oscilloscope.
ˆ Turn on Ch1 and Ch2 both on oscilloscope and press the auto-set button and observer the output.

ˆ Set the toggle switch to CARRIER OFF to observe AM DSBSC signal on Ch2 of oscilloscope, if you need
press auto-set button to get oscilloscope on its default settings.

Figure 2: DSBSC Waveform in Time Domain

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MEHRAN UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY, JAMSHORO
DEPARTMENT OF TELECOMMUNICATION
COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS
Lab 04: To perform & verify Amplitude Modulation: DSB-SC, SSB-RC & SSB-SC

Single Side Band Residual Carrier SSB-RC

ˆ Now for SSB-RC, pass the output of Modulator Ch2 through Filter 3 of CF transmitter setting the toggle
switch to CARRIER ON.

ˆ Connect the modulating signal on channel1 of oscilloscope and the output of Filter 3 on channel2 of
oscilloscope to observe SSB-RC signal.

Figure 3: Single Sideband Residual Carrier

Single Side Band Suppressed Carrier SSB-SC

ˆ Follow the steps as given in SSB-RC setting the toggle switch to CARREIR OFF to observe SSB-SC signal
on oscilloscope channel2.

Figure 4: Single Sideband Suppressed Carrier

Lab Tasks

Lab Task 1. Transform the signals generated (DSB-SC, SSB-RC & SSB-SC) fol-
lowing the above procedure in to frequency domain, respectively. De-
termine the frequency and amplitude of the respective peaks. Draw
the diagrams of time domain and frequency domain using pencil and
giving axes accurate label.
Lab Task 2. In Lab Task 1, modulated waveforms are observed in time and fre-
quency domains. Now, transform these respective waveforms in to
XY modulus following the procedure you are already familiar with.
Draw the diagram giving axes accurate label and explain the obser-
vation in your own words. Use another sheet if needed.
Lab Task 3. Compare DSB-FC, DSB-SC, and SSB-SC in terms of bandwidth.
Calculate the bandwidth of these waveforms using cursor function of
oscilloscope.
Lab Task 4. What are the applications of DSB-SC, and SSB-SC communication?
Lab Task 5. Why does the modulation index concept not hold true for DSB-SC?
Explain giving reason(s). What happens when modulating signal
voltage exceeds carrier signal voltage in DSB-SC?

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