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Optical Fiber

Ing. Christian Rivas

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History of Fiber Optics

🠶 Fiber optics is not really a new technology, its fairly old.

🠶 Guiding of light by refraction, the principle that makes fiber
optics possible, was first demonstrated by Daniel
Colladon and Jacques Babinet in Paris in the early 1840s
.
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Uses of Optical Fiber

🠶 Fiber optic ca n acco mmodate variety of needs.

🠶 It can be used in Communication, fiber optic sensors, illumination, medical.
🠶 And also in other places where bright light needs to be shone on a target
without a clear line-of-sight path.
🠶 Used in building to route sunlight from the roof to other parts of the building.
🠶 And many more usages but we will only discuss use of optical fiber in
communica tion here.
11 Modes of propagation
🠶 Single mode – there is only one path for light to take down the
ca ble
Cladding

🠶 Multimode – if there is more than one path

Cladding
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Structure of single-mode fiber

🠶 1. Core: 8 µm diameter
🠶 2. Cladding: 125 µm dia.
🠶 3. Buffer: 250 µm dia.
🠶 4. Jacket:400 µm dia.
13 Loss in Optical Fiber
Losses vary greatly depending upon the
type of fiber
Plastic fiber may have losses of several
hundred dB per kilometer
Graded-index multimode glass fiber has a
loss of about 2–4 dB
per kilometer
Single-mode fiber has a loss of 0.4 dB/km or
less
15 Optical fiber c ables

🠶 In practica l fibers, the cladding is usually coated with a

tough resin buffer layer, which may be further surrounded by a jacket layer,
usually glass. These layers add strength to the fiber but do not contribute to
its optica l wave guide properties
🠶 Modern cables come in a wide variety of sheathings and armor, designed
for applications such as direct burial in trenches, high voltage isolation
submarine installation, and insertion in paved streets.
🠶 Fiber cable can be very flexible, but traditional fiber's loss increases greatly
if the fiber is bent with a radius smaller than around 30 mm.
16 Types of Optical fiber cable

🠶 Loose Tube Cable

Outer Jac ket

Steel Tape Armor

Interstitial Filling
Inner Jac ket

Central Member
Aramid Strength Member (Steel Wire or Dielectric )
Interstitial Filling
Binder Coated Fiber

Loose Tube C able

17 Continued…

🠶 Tight buffered C able

PVC Jac ket (Non-

Plenum) or Fluoride Co-
Aramid Strength Polymer Jac ket
Member (Plenum)

Glass Fiber
Fiber C oating
Thermoplastic
Overcoating or
Buffer

Tight-buffered Cable
18 Types of Optical fiber ca ble
Fiber Connectors

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21 Did you know?
🠶 A small optical fiber can carry more data than a large copper cable.

🠶 It is a unidirectional technology.
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System

Transceiver Fiber Optic Cable

Transceiver

Electrical
Connector Electrical
Optic al Optical Optical Connector
Optic al
Port Connector Connector Port

A failure anywhere along this link will cause the entire link to fail
23 Continued…
24 Advantages of Optical Fiber over
Conventional Copper System

🠶 Broad Bandwidth
🠶 Broadband communication is very much possible over fiber optics which means
that audio signal, video signal, microwave signal, text and data from computers
It is possible to transmit around 3,000,000 full-duplex voice or 90,000 TV channels
over one optical fiber.
🠶 Electrical Insulator
🠶 Optical fibers are made and drawn from silica glass which is nonconductor of
electricity and so there are no ground loops and leakage of any type of current.
Optical fibers are thus laid down along with high voltage cables on the electricity
poles due to its electrical insulator behavior.
🠶 Immunity to Electromagnetic Interference
🠶 The optical fiber is electrically non-conductive, so it does not act as an antenna
to pick up electromagnetic signals which may be present nearby
25 Continued…

🠶 Low attenuation loss over long distances

🠶 There are various optical windows in the optical fiber cable at which the
attenuation loss is found to be comparatively low and so transmitter and receiver
devices are developed and used in these low attenuation region. Due to low
attenuation of 0.2dB/km in optical fiber cables, it is possible to achieve long
distance communication efficiently over information capacity rate of 1 Tbit/s.
🠶 Lack of costly metal conductor
🠶 The use of optical fibers do not require the huge amounts of copper conductor
used in conventional cable systems. In recent times, this copper has become a
target for widespread metal theft due its value on the scrap market.
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Optical Fiber in Sea
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Enlace Fibra optica
 MAPA DE UBICACIÓN:
A: CENTRAL DE COTAS - HAMACAS - 3er ANILLO INT.
B: BARRIO SIRARI - AV. MARCELO TERCEROS - 3er ANILLO EXT.
 ENLACE OPTICO
CENTRAL HAMACAS – BARRIO SIRARI
ESPECIFICACION DEL
SPLITTER
ESPECIFICACION DE LA FIBRA
CALCULO DE
PERDIDAS
:
Atenuacion de la fibra a la longitud de trabajo: 3 km * 0.35 dB/km = 1.05 dB

Perdida en emplames: 1 empalme * 0.2 dB/empalme = 0.2 dB

Perdida en conectores: 1 conector * 0.2 dB/conector = 0.2 dB

Perdida en el splitter: 1 splitter * 18 dB/splitter = 18 dB

PERDIDA TOTAL EN EL ENLACE: = 19.45 dB

MARGEN DEL SISTEMA: