oral situational

learner listen to the teacher and repeat

Audiolingual
learner has little control

communicative
learner has an active, negotiative role
total physical response
learner is a listener and performer

The silent way

learners learn through systematic analysis

Community Language Learning

learners are members of a social group or community
Task components consists of Goals, Input and Procedure Introduction and overview
that should be supported by the teacher and learner role and The natural approach
setting. learners play an active role

Suggestopedia
The purpose or the aim of the tasks. learners are pasive

Goals Teacher and Learner roles

students outcomes that not explicitly shown
Goals can be seen from the tasks that given by the Approach and roles
teacher/lecturer.
Goal can be more than one if the tasks is too complex is the classroom arrangements

Task Components mode: whether the learners is operating on an individual or a

group
materials: can be spoken, written, or visual data
mode and environment
environment: the place of the learning process

Settings
can be provided from the teacher or may from another
classifying sources information gap
Input

The steps of how the input and tasks will be provided in the
predicting class three principal tasks
reasoning gap
inducing how to present the materials
Procedures
cognitive
taking notes opinion gap

concept making Questions and answer

Task Types

inferencing

discriminating
Dialogues and role plays

diagramming

Co-operating
matching activities

conversational patterns
Five different strategy types
Interpersonal
Role playing seven task and activity types
Practicing
Communication strategies

Using context

Pictures and picture stories

Summarizing linguistic

Puzzles and problems

Selective Listening
personalizing

self-evaluating
Discussions and decisions
Affective
Skimming reflecting

Brainstorming
Creative jigsaw tasks

information-gap tasks

problem-solving tasks
Typology of pedagogical tasks

decisions-making tasks

opinion exchange tasks