Tests 1 & 2

Test 1. One Point Beyond Zone A

x  Test 2
UCL
A  Caused
C db
by a process mean
B shift
C
C
B
A
LCL Test 2. Nine Points in a Row
x on One Side of the Center Line
 Test 1 – the basic test. UCL
A
 Caused by a large change
B
in the process C
 Requires immediate action C
B x
A
LCL

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 Tests 3 & 4
Test 3. Six Points in a Row Steadily
Increasing or Decreasing
 Test 4 – Alternating Patterns
UCL
A  Over
O adjustment
dj t t
B x  Shift-to-Shift variation
C
 Machine-to-machine
C
variation
B
A x
Test 4. Fourteen Points in a Row
LCL
Alternatingg Up
p and Down
 Test 3 – Trends up or down
UCL
 Caused by A
 Mechanical wear B
C x
 Chemical depletion
 Increasing contamination C
B
 Etc.
A
LCL

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 Tests 5 & 6
Test 5. Two Out of Three Points
in a Row in the same Zone A or
Beyond  Test 6
x x
UCL
A  Another
A th test t t for
f shifts
hift
B  Test 1, 5, 6 are related and
C
show conditions of high
C
special
i l cause variability.
i bilit
B
A Test 6. Four Out of Five Points in
LCL a row in the same Zone B and
x
Beyond
 Test 5
T
UCL
A x
 The second basic test
B
 High variation w/o
C
exceeding the 3 limit C
 Major special-cause B x
variation A
LCL

Why not include all of the tests?

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 Tests 7 & 8
Test 7. Fifteen Points in a Row in Zone C
(Above and Below Centerline)  Test 8 – Alternating Means
 Mixtures
UCL
A  Over control
B x  Two different processes on the
C same chart
C
B
A Test 8. Eight Points in a Row on Both Sides
LCL
of Centerline with None in Zone C
 Test 7 – The Whitespace Test UCL
 Occurs when within subgroup A
variation is large compared to B x
between group variation oror, C
 Old or incorrectly calculated C
limits B
A
LCL

If your data fails 7, can this event be a good thing? How so?
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