Name and symbol for chlorine

-Chlorine is a chemical element with symbol Cl and atomic number 17. Classified as a

halogen, Chlorine is a gas at room temperature.

Scientific name & common name

Source

- In nature it is found in the combined state only, chiefly with sodium as common salt (NaCl),
carnallite, and sylvite.

History

- Chlorine was discovered in 1774 by Carl Wilhelm Scheele. He obtained it through the

reaction of the mineral pyrolusite (manganese dioxide, MnO2) with hydrochloric acid (HCl,
then known as muriatic acid). ... Sir Humphry Davy proposed and confirmed chlorine to be
an element in 1810, and he also named the element.

Physical properties

Atomic number-17

Electronegativity according to Pauling- 3.0

Density-3.21*10 -3 g.cm -3 at 20 °C

Melting point- -101 °C

Boiling point- -34.6 °C

Chemical properties

-
Application

-Chlorine kills bacteria – it is a disinfectant. It is used to treat drinking water and swimming

pool water. It is also used to make hundreds of consumer products from paper to paints, and
from textiles to insecticides. About 20% of chlorine produced is used to make PVC.

Effect to plant

 Scorched leaves may be the result of chlorine toxicity.

 Chlorine is a micronutrient, essential to plant growth. However, too much chlorine can
accumulate in leaf tissue, resulting in leaves with a scorched or burned appearance.
 Trees with scorched leaves have brown or dead tissue on the tips, margins, or between the
veins of the leaf. Leaf tissue may appear bleached, instead of scorched.
 Leaves may be smaller than usual. They may yellow and drop early.
 Chlorine toxicity can result from air pollution, in the form of chlorine gas, or from excess
chloride in the soil.

Effect to animal

Effect to environment
-Chlorine dissolves when mixed with water. It can also escape from water and enter air under
certain conditions. Most direct releases of chlorine to the environment are to air and to surface
water.

-Once in air or in water, chlorine reacts with other chemicals. It combines with inorganic material
in water to form chloride salts, and with organic material in water to form chlorinated organic
chemicals.Because of its reactivity chlorine is not likely to move through the ground and enter
groundwater.

-Plants and animals are not likely to store chlorine. However, laboratory studies show that repeat
exposure to chlorine in air can affect the immune system, the blood, the heart, and the
respiratory system of animals.

-Chlorine causes environmental harm at low levels. Chlorine is especially harmful to organisms
living in water and in soil.

References

-https://extension.umd.edu/hgic/topics/chlorine-toxicity#:~:text=Excess%20Chlorine,a%20scorched
%20or%20burned%20appearance.

-https://www.lenntech.com/periodic/elements/cl.htm#Atomic%20number

https://www.webelements.com/chlorine/history.html#:~:text=Chlorine%20was%20discovered
%20in%201774,then%20known%20as%20muriatic%20acid).&text=Sir%20Humphry%20Davy
%20proposed%20and,he%20also%20named%20the%20element.
-https://www.rsc.org/periodic-table/element/17/chlorine#:~:text=Chlorine%20kills%20bacteria
%20%E2%80%93%20it%20is,is%20used%20to%20make%20PVC.

https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/element/Chlorine#:~:text=Chlorine%20is%20a%20chemical
%20element,a%20gas%20at%20room%20temperature.
Iodine

Name and symbol

- Iodine is a chemical element with the symbol I and atomic number 53. The heaviest of the

stable halogens,

Scientific name

Common name

Source

- Fish (such as cod and tuna), seaweed, shrimp, and other seafood, which are generally
rich in iodine. Dairy products (such as milk, yogurt, and cheese), which are major sources
of iodine in American diets

History
- Iodine was discovered by the French chemist Barnard Courtois in 1811. Courtois
was extracting sodium and potassium compounds from seaweed ash. Once these
compounds were removed, he added sulfuric acid (H 2SO4) to further process the
ash. He accidentally added too much acid and a violet colored cloud erupted from
the mass. The gas condensed on metal objects in the room, creating solid iodine.
Today, iodine is chiefly obtained from deposits of sodium iodate (NaIO 3) and sodium
periodate (NaIO4) in Chile and Bolivia.

Physical properties
- Iodine is a non-metallic, dark-gray/purple-black, lustrous, solid element. Iodine is the most
electropositive halogen and the least reactive of the halogens even if it can still form
compounds with many elements. Iodine sublime easily on heating to give a purple vapour.

Chemical properties
atomic number- 53

Electronegativity according to Pauling- 2.5

Density-4.93 g.cm-3 at 20°C

Melting point- 114 °C

Boiling point-184 °C

Application
-It is used as an antiseptic for external wounds. It can be used for treating diseases in the
thyroid gland. It is used for manufacturing dyestuffs and drugs. Silver iodine is used in
making photographic films.

Effect to plant
-

Effect to animal
-A deficiency of iodine in the diets of animals can have detrimental effects on their
performance. Iodine is also important and involved in the development of a foetus. A
deficiency of the mineral will lead to reproductive failures. It is important to mention
conditions when the iodine acts as a poison to the body

Environmental effects of iodine

-Iodine in soils will combine with organic matter and remain in the same place for a long
time. Plants that grow on these soils may absorb iodine. Cattle and other animals will
absorb iodine when they eat these plants.

References

- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iodine

- https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Iodine-Consumer/#:~:text=You%20can%20get
%20recommended%20amounts,of%20iodine%20in%20American%20diets

https://education.jlab.org/itselemental/ele053.html#:~:text=Iodine%20was%20discovered%20by
%20the,to%20further%20process%20the%20ash.&text=Iodine%20is%20added%20to%20salt,salt)
%20to%20prevent%20these%20diseases.

-https://www.lenntech.com/periodic/elements/i.htm

https://www.azom.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=7922#:~:text=It%20is%20used%20as%20an,used
%20in%20making%20photographic%20films

-http://benisonmedia.com/effects-of-iodine-on-livestock/

Tennessine
Name and symbol

-Tennessine is a chemical element with symbol Ts and atomic number 117.

Scientific name

Common name

Source

-In 2010 Russian and American scientists announced the production of six atoms
of tennessine, which were formed when 22 milligrams of berkelium-249 were bombarded
with atoms of calcium-48, at the cyclotron at the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research in
Dubna, Russia. These atoms were of atomic weights 293 and 294.

History

-discovered by Scientists from the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research in Dubna, Russia, the
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in California, USA, and Oak Ridge National Laboratory
in Tennessee, USA. Discovery date in 2010.origin the name is the name refers to the US state of
Tennessee.

Physical properties

 Atomic Number: 117.

 Atomic Weight: 294.

 Melting Point: Unknown.

 Boiling Point: Unknown.

 Density: Unknown.

 Phase at Room Temperature: Expected to be a Solid.

 Element Classification: Unknown.

 Period Number: 7.

Chemical properties

-
Application

-Tennessine's most stable isotope, tennessine-294, has a half-life of about 80 milliseconds. It decays

into moscovium-290 through alpha decay. Since only a few atoms of tennessine have ever been
produced, it currently has no uses outside of basic scientific research.

Effect to plant

Effect to animal

Effect to environment

References

https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/element/Tennessine#:~:text=Tennessine%20is%20a%20chemical
%20element%20with%20symbol%20Ts%20and%20atomic%20number%20117.

-https://www.britannica.com/science/element-117

-https://www.rsc.org/periodic-table/element/117

-https://education.jlab.org/itselemental/ele117.html

https://education.jlab.org/itselemental/ele117.html#:~:text=Tennessine's%20most%20stable
%20isotope%2C%20tennessine,outside%20of%20basic%20scientific%20research.