Q1)

The operation of the given relaxation oscillator is that the output voltage of the oscillator is
equal to the Vdd when V+ is greater than V- and the output is 0 otherwise. The value of V+ is
3.75 V when V+ > V- and 1.25V when V- > V+.
The capacitor discharges from 3.75V to 1.25V when the output voltage is low and charges
from 1.25V to 3.75 V when output voltage is high.
!
Therefore 𝑒 !"# = ln (3).
Time period is 2ms therefore t = 1ms, therefore , C = 91nF.

Q2)
Schematics for the oscillator

Simulation results
The oscillator first takes some time to function as the capacitor is completely discharged and
it takes a little more time to reach 3.75 V from 0V
It is clearly visible from simulations that the value of capacitance for a square wave of time
period of 2ms is 91nF.

Q3)

Since there are 5 inverter gates it will take a delay of 5xTdelay to change the output voltage.
Since for one time period we need to change the output voltage 2 times the total delay will
be 10xTdelay.

Q4)
The time period = 10 x Tdelay = 2ms
Therefore Tdelay = 0.2ms
Schematic for ring oscillator

Simulation results