Book Title

A report by Your Name

 1.1. Description of the different places
……..of articulation of consonant sounds
The place of ……..in English compared to Spanish

articulation of
1.2. Challenging English consonant
English consonants …….sounds for Spanish speakers

1.3. Transcription techniques

Description of the different places of articulation of consonant sounds in
English compared to Spanish

What's th
ed
the places ifference of
of articul
between E ation
nglish an
Spanish? d

Marginal
sound or a
between v llophone o
owels: f /s/
más alto [ˈ
ma ˈʔal̻ t̻ o̞]

- The place of articulation of English consonants-

 Description of the different places of articulation of consonant sounds in
English compared to Spanish

The English consonant system

The Spanish consonant system

hi!

- The place of articulation of English consonants-

 Description of the different places of articulation of consonant sounds in English
compared to Spanish

The English consonant system

The Spanish consonant system

tap hungry
match
have
the zoo
doesn’t exist
different position
identical

- The place of articulation of English consonants-

Challenging English consonant sounds for Spanish speakers

enseñar

chocolate

echar

hablar caro
tango
carro

- The place of articulation of English consonants-

Challenging English consonant sounds for Spanish speakers
sound (phoneme) English Spanish

/t/ tap tango

/tʃ/ match chocolate

/ŋ/ hungry enseñar

/v/ have /

/z/ zoo /

/ð/ the /

/ʒ/ ilusion /

/l/ love or hill [ɫ] hablar

/r/ / carro

/(ʃ)/ show echar

/ɾ/ red caro

- The place of articulation of English consonants-
Challenging English consonant sounds for Spanish speakers
sound (phoneme) English Spanish

/t/ tap tango

/tʃ/ match chocolate

/ŋ/ hungry enseñar

/v/ have /

/z/ zoo /

/ð/ the /

/ɾ/ ilusion /

/l/ love or hill [ɫ] hablar

/r/ / carro

/(ʃ)/ show echar

/ɾ/ red caro

- The place of articulation of English consonants-
 Challenging English consonant sounds for Spanish speakers

Words that may be difficult to pronounce...

November, revenge,
red, mirror, rumor, hungry, alveolar, livery, hoover,
error, later, rumble, furious
job, jar, James,
bother, the, mother, jam, join, jingle
others, they, brother,

thin, birthday, healthy, thief,

shop, shower, shift,
toothpaste, path, threat, month
shallow, shame, should
- The place of articulation of English consonants-
 Transcription techniques

Why is it worth having

knowledge about transcription?

meat versus threat

/i/ / ɛ/
orthographically
the same
>ea<

- The place of articulation of English consonants-

 Transcription techniques

meat versus threat

/i/ / ɛ/
thought versus though orthography is
/θ/ /ð/ very poor for
mapping letters
to sound :-(

grapheme versus phoneme

>n< /n/ or /ŋ/

nice >n< /naɪs/

hungry >n< /ˈhʌŋgri/

- The place of articulation of English consonants-

 Transcription techniques

stop versus top

/t/ [tʰ]
orthographically
the same
>t< or >n<
hungry versus laundry An allophone is
/ŋ/ /n/ a linguistic
variation of a
phoneme

grapheme versus allophone

>t< [t] or [tʰ]

stand >t< /stænd/

time >tʰ< /tʰaɪm/

- The place of articulation of English consonants-

Important allophones of English:
1. /p,t,k/ = [pʰ, tʰ, kʰ]
2. /l/ = clear “l” [l] (before vowels), dark “l” [ɫ] (before consonants), devoiced
“l” [l] (before /p, k/) Transcription techniques
3. voiced plosives /b,d,g/ become devoiced “The black bag.”
(final position and followed by silence) = /ðə blæk bæk/ term
devo inal
4. AE: /t/ becomes an alveolar tap [ɾ] = writer, university icing

5. voiced fricatives /v,z,ð,ʒ/ become devoiced “Your eyes.”

(final position and followed by silence) = /jɔːr aɪz/
6. voiced affricate /dʒ/ becomes devoiced “large/page”
(final position and followed by silence) = /lɑːʤ/ peɪʤ/

- The place of articulation of English consonants-

 Transcription techniques
slashes indicate a
phonetic transcription dash is befort the
stressed syllable

noun: pronunciation /prəˌnʌnsɪˈeɪʃən/

verb: formulate /ˈfɔːmjʊleɪt/

two vowel symbols

two dots before a One vowel symbol
together is a diphthong
vowel symbol indicate without the /ː/ is a or a double vowel.
a long single vowel short single vowel
Check you make a diphthong,
Check you make a long vowel, not two single vowels!
not a short one!
- The place of articulation of English consonants-
 Transcription techniques

meat versus threat

/i/ / ɛ/
We distinguish
vowels and
The phonetic consonants with a
transcription is Across phonetic
unique for each languages these transcription
sound! symbols are
consistent

If you can read the IPA,

then in any other
language you should
be able to pronounce
the words!
- The place of articulation of English consonants-
 Transcription techniques

Types of transcriptions

Phonemic transcription
Phonetic transcription (individual speaker)
(general)
Example: “..., said Karl.” = [sɛd kʰɑːɫ]
Example: “..., said Karl.” = /sɛd kɑːl/ .
More precise!
diacritics:- (voiceless [d])
- (aspirated [k])
-(dark ɫ)

- The place of articulation of English consonants-

 Transcription techniques

Can you read the phonemic transcriptions?

1. /maɪ dɪə əʊld ˈgrændmʌðə, gɒd bles hɜ:/

2. /ˈnaʊədeɪz, jʌŋ pi:pəl dəʊnt preɪ/

- The place of articulation of English consonants-