1.

Synonym

Read the passage below.

Malnutrition among children in refugee is a critical public health concern due to the heightened
vulnerability. The rate of malnutrition in refugees’ camp needs to be viewed as not just a health issue
but as a serious protection and access to basic rights failure. The magnitude of acute malnutrition
among refugee camps in Ethiopia is relatively well-documented. A nutritional survey done in 2014
among south Sudanese refugee camps showed that the prevalence of acute malnutrition was almost
two-fold the emergency threshold of 15%.
Acute malnutrition is not only a condition that kills but also has long term health and
developmental consequences among recovered children after receiving appropriate treatment. These
long term consequences include an increased risk of stunted growth, impaired cognitive development
and a greater chance of developing non-communicable diseases in adulthood. This demonstrates that
it is of utmost importance to invest not only in the treatment of acute malnutrition but also in its
prevention.
The problem, as well as the solution to malnutrition, is multi-faceted. In addition to an actual
shortage of food; poor sanitation, a lack of available potable water, caring practices and insufficient
health services are all significant factors contributing to the population’s overall nutritional status and
health. There is no single silver bullet that will instantly eradicate malnutrition from the refugee camps
but only through a holistic approach and strong group effort. Effective policies and programs to
alleviate malnutrition requires an understanding of the determinants of acute malnutrition in the
refugee camps.

Adapted from: http://primarycare.imedpub.com

Which of the following can best replace the word magnitude in “The magnitude of acute malnutrition
…” (paragraph 1)?
A. capacity
B. importance
C. weight
D. amount
E. power

Jawaban: D

Pembahasan:
Untuk menemukan kata yang dapat menggantikan kata lain di dalam kalimat, temukanlah sinonim
katanya. Sinonim kata magnitude dapat dipahami dari frasa di kalimat selanjutnya, yaitu … was almost
two-fold the emergency threshold of 15%. Frasa ini menunjukkan persentase atau jumlah,
sehingga magnitude merujuk pada jumlah malnutrisi akut (acute malnutrition) pada teks. Jadi,
kata magnitude dapat digantikan oleh kata amount pada kalimat soal karena sama-sama bermakna
‘jumlah’.
Kata pada pilihan lain masing masing memiliki arti: weight = berat, importance= penting, power:
tenaga, dan capacity = kapasitas.
2. Specific information

Read the passage below.

When exploratory divers discovered the underwater Mexican cave site known as Hoyo Negro,
the conditions of the cave were so pristine and stable, but there was evidence that at least one person
had been inside the cave before the divers: A Paleoamerican girl nicknamed Naia, who had fallen to
her death while presumably collecting water from the cave during the late Pleistocene era, between
13,000 and 12,000 years ago. The divers found her skeleton, as well as the remains of several Ice Age
animals, on the cave floor. According to Rissolo and project co-director, James Chatters, it was like the
La Brea tar pits without the tar.
This remarkable discovery represents the first and only example of human remains found in
direct association with extinct megafauna in the Americas, says Rissolo, who is a visiting scholar at UC
San Diego from the Waitt Institute and a research associate at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography.
The remains of two gomphotheres (extinct elephant-like creatures), two Shasta ground sloths, a pair
of saber-toothed cats and numerous other animals were also found with Naia in the underwater pit,
which measures 200 feet in diameter and is located in the far Southeast of the country, on the Yucután
Peninsula.
Computer science Ph.D. student Vid Petrovic – a member of the Center’s Integrative Graduate
Education and Research Traineeship (IGERT) program in cultural heritage diagnostics – is using photos
taken by the scientific dive team to create 3D structure-from-motion (SfM) models of the cave site,
and he has used the same technique to recreate Naia’s mandible.
SfM is an imaging technique that, in this case, uses two-dimensional photographs taken underwater
at the cave site. Petrovic tracks and aligns features in the photos (such as corner points) to ‘stitch
together’ and reconstruct the objects digitally in 3D.
Rissolo says that given the proper lighting, camera set-up and protocols, SfM is a relatively
straightforward and cost-effective imaging and visualization method, especially for documenting
archaeological sites that are not easily accessible or are threatened with destruction, either natural or
human-derived.

Adapted from: http://archaeologicalconservancy.org

According to the text, what remains are not found in Hoyo Negro? The remains of…
A. gomphotheras
B. elephants
C. Shasta ground sloths
D. saber-toothed cats
E. Paleoamerican girl

Jawaban: B
Pembahasan:
Pilihan jawaban pada soal ini dapat dijadikan kata kunci untuk menemukan informasi spesifik yang
ditanyakan. Perhatikan bahwa hampir semua frasa atau kata pada pilihan jawaban disebutkan pada
paragraf kedua kalimat kedua: The remains of two gomphotheras (extinct elephant-like creatures),
two Shasta ground sloths, a pair of saber-toothed cats and numerous other animals were also found
with Naia in the underwater pit, ….

Pada kalimat ini, frasa underwater pit merujuk pada the underwater Mexican cave site known as Hoyo
Negro atau gua bawah laut yang dikenal dengan Hoyo Negro (paragraf pertama kalimat pertama).
Selain itu, kata ‘Naia’ jika di-scan pada teks terdapat pada klausa: a Paleoamerican girl nicknamed
Naia (paragraf pertama kalimat pertama). Artinya, Naia adalah nama seorang gadis. Berdasarkan
informasi tersebut dapat diketahui bahwa sisa-sisa (tulang-belulang/fosil)
dua gomphotheras (makhluk seperti gajah yang sudah punah), dua kungkang tanah jenis Shasta,
sepasang kucing bergigi tajam, dan sejumlah binatang lain juga ditemukan bersama Naia di Hoyo
Negro.

Jadi, sisa-sisa tulang-belulang/fosil yang tidak ditemukan di Hoyo Negro adalah gajah (elephants).
Pahami bahwa yang ditemukan di Hoyo Negro adalah binatang-binatang pada zaman es (Ice Age
animals), salah satunya makhluk yang dinamakan gomphotheras (makhluk seperti gajah yang sudah
punah), bukan gajah (elephants) yang dikenal pada zaman sekarang ini.

3. Inferential

Read the passage below.

The study of songbirds has revealed a variety of fundamental properties of biological systems.
In particular, neurobiological studies carried out in songbirds have revealed the presence of newly
born neurons in the adult brain, how steroid hormones affect brain development, the neural and
mechanistic bases of vocalizations, and how experience modifies neuronal physiology. More
evidently, however, songbirds have been extensively used as a model for imitative vocal learning, a
behavior thought to be a substrate for speech acquisition in humans. Now an international consortium
has unveiled the genome of the zebra finch (Taeniopygia Guttata).
Sequencing the zebra finch genome was initiated in 2005 under the Large Scale Genome
Sequencing Program of the National Human Genome Research Institute. The prior work in the
research community characterizing the zebra finch brain transcriptase. These initiatives, along with
new zebra finch genome sequences, have resulted in the complete genome sequenced with 17,475
protein-coding genes identified, as well as regulatory regions and non-coding RNAs. The annotation
and sequence coverage of the zebra finch genome will certainly be refined in the years to come, but
the initial endeavor is expected to provide a unique platform for modern genomics research in this
organism. Furthermore, this initial snapshot of the songbird genome should provide critical insights
into fundamental scientific questions, including an array of physiological and evolutionary processes.

Adapted from: link.springer.com

From the sentence ‘… songbirds have been extensively used as a model for imitative vocal learning,
….’ in paragraph 1, it can be stated that…
A. Songbirds are good models of vocal learning.
B. Human can practice vocal learning through songbird.
C. Songbirds are observed intensively by the scientist.
D. Songbirds imitate human’s speech.
E. Human speech acquisition in inspired by songbird.

Jawaban: A

Pembahasan:
Kalimat soal songbirds have been extensively used as a model for imitative vocal learning dapat
diartikan bahwa burung berkicau telah banyak digunakan sebagai model untuk pembelajaran vokal
imitatif. Kata extensively pada kalimat soal ini juga dapat diartikan sebagai sering. Dengan seringnya
burung berkicau digunakan, hal ini berarti burung berkicau telah terbukti bagus untuk dijadikan model
dalam pembelajaran vokal (good models of vocal learning).
Jadi, jawaban yang tepat adalah songbirds are good models of vocal learning.

4. True or False statement

What will man be like in the future – in 5000 or even 50,000 years from now? We can only
make a guess, of course, but we can be sure that he will be different from what he is today. From man
is slowly changing all the time. Let us take an obvious example. Man, even five hundred years ago, was
shorter than he is today. Now, on average, men are about three inches taller. Five hundred is a
relatively short period of time, so we may assume that man will continue to grow taller. Again, in the
modern world, we use our brains a great deal. Even so, we still make use of only about 20% of the
brain capacity. As time goes on, however, we shall have to use our brains more and more – and
eventually we shall need larger ones! This is likely to bring about a physical change too; the head, in
particular the forehead, will grow larger.
Nowadays our eyes are in constant use. In fact, we use them so much that very often they
become weaker and we have to wear glasses. But over a very long period of time, it is likely that man’s
eyes will grow stronger. On the other hand, we tend to make less use of our arms and legs. These, as
a result, are likely to grow weaker. At the same time, however, our fingers will grow more sensitive
because they are used a great deal in modern life. But what about hair? This will probably disappear
from the body altogether in the course of time because it does not serve a useful purpose any longer.
In the future, then, both sexes are likely to be bald.
Perhaps all this gives the impression that future man will not a very attractive creature to
look at! This may well be true. All the same, in spite of these changes, future man will still have a lot
of common with us. He will still be a human being, with thoughts and emotions that resemble us.

Taken from: www.platea.pntic.mec

According to the text, which of the following statements is TRUE about the man?
A. It takes a few decades for man to be taller.
B. The development of man’s brain does not affect his physical development.
C. Modern people are using the full capacity of their brains.
D. Within a decade, man has become three inches taller.
E. It can be expected that future man will be taller.

Jawaban: E

Pembahasan:
Pernyataan it can be expected that future man will be taller benar karena sesuai dengan pernyataan so
we may assume that man will continue to grow taller pada paragraf pertama kalimat ketujuh.
Pernyataan lain salah karena: butuh waktu lebih dari 500 tahun bagi manusia menjadi lebih tinggi
(sekitar 3 inci) (kalimat keempat dan kelima paragraf pertama); perkembangan otak kemungkinan
akan mempengaruhi perkembangan fisiknya terutama dahi yang akan menjadi lebih besar (kalimat
terakhir paragraf pertama); manusia modern baru menggunakan sekitar 20% dari kapasitas otaknya
(kalimat kesembilan paragraf pertama).
5. Main idea

Read the passage below.

Everyone knows the basics about Santa, the jolly man in a red suit that delivers gifts at Christmas.
How a small town near the Arctic Circle in Finland became known as his “official hometown” proves a
less familiar twist to the story. Santa was a marketing gimmick, based on a third-century, ancient
bishop from Turkey known for secretly giving away his large inheritance. His random acts of kindness
didn’t go unnoticed, earning sainthood and global celebration on the date of his death, December 6.
This story of Saint Nicolas then traveled with Dutch immigrants to the US, where “Sinterklaas” was
moulded into the visual image of Santa we all recognize today. Without much of a backstory to Santa
Claus, an illustration in Harpers magazine from 1866 is credited with establishing the legend of his
home at the “North Pole.”
In 1927, Markus Rautio–a Finnish radio broadcaster known as “Uncle Marcus”–claimed on-air
that Santa’s workshop was discovered in Rovaniemi, Finland. The government of the province,
Lapland, declared itself “Santa Claus Land” decades later to boost tourism. Santa Claus Village opened
just outside Rovaniemi in 1985. Of course, there are other places that lay claim to a Santa or Saint Nick
association: Korvatunturi, Finland, claims to be his real home and that Rovaniemi was just created for
tourists. The Church of Saint Nicolas in Demre, Turkey, contains his sarcophagus but not his bones.
There’s a multitude of pop-ups around the world, but the Santa in Rovaniemi differs in that the man
is marketed as the original, and tourists can visit him throughout the year.
Christmas lasts all year round in Rovaniemi, a place of anticipation. Even the hardcore cynic will
be moved by the “Christmas Spirit.” After visiting Santa, families can dine in the snowglobe
atmosphere of the Ice Restaurant and Ice Bar in Snowman World. Leaving from the Elf’s Yard, kids can
cross the Arctic Circle with traditional Lappish wooden skis. The region forms part of the natural
habitat for roaming reindeer–unlike the North Pole.
Santa Claus’s Main Post Office, with a special Arctic Circle stamp, received about half a million
letters last year. In reality, this figure is much higher since post offices around the world have their
own systems of dealing with letters addressed to Santa. Santa in Rovaniemi received 18 million letters
from 199 different countries to date, and at Christmastime, can receive 32,000 letters per day, with
the most letters arriving from China. An official reply from Santa Claus will set people back more than
10 dollars (8.90 euros). It is free to see him, but tourists can’t take photos or videos, although you can
buy the official one. In high season (November through March), prices reach more than 50 dollars (45
euros).
Adapted from: http://www.nationalgeographic.com

The second paragraph mainly talks about…

A. the discocery of Santa’s workshop
B. the description of Rovaniemi, Finland
C. Santa Clause’s original village
D. Millions letters for Santa Clause every year
E. Uncle Marcus’s claim over Santa Clause village

Jawaban: C

Pembahasan:
Paragraf kedua membahas tentang klaim bengkel Santa Clause (Santa’s workshop) yang ada di
Rovaniemi, Finland yang kemudian diklaim sebagai Santa Claus Land untuk mendongkrak sektor
pariwisata di tempat tersebut. Ada pula kota Korvatunturi yang mengklaim sebagai desa Santa yang
asli. Gereja di Demre Turki pun menyimpan sarkofagus Santa namun tidak ditemukan tulang
belulangnya di gereja tersebut. Meskipun beberapa tempat diklaim sebagai desa Santa atau tempat
Santa, namun hanya Rovaniemilah yang memasarkan Santa sebagai sosok yang asli dan para
wisatawan dapat mengunjunginya sepanjang tahun. Hal ini berarti Rovaniemi dapat dikatakana desa
Santa yang asli. Oleh karena itu, paragraf kedua ini kebanyakan membicarakan mengenai desa asli
Santa Clause.
Sementara itu, pokok bahasan pada paragraf lainnya adalah sebagai berikut.
Paragraf 1: ulasan tentang Santa Clause.
Paragraf 3: deskripsi Rovaniemi yang menarik.
Paragraf 4: jutaan surat untuk Santa Clause tahun lalu yang ada di kantor pos Santa Clause.
Jadi, jawaban yang tepat adalah Santa Clause’s original village.

6. Topics

Read the following text.

Over the past 115 years global average temperatures have increased 1.8 degrees Fahrenheit, leading
to record-breaking weather events and temperature extremes, the report says. The global, long-term
warming trend is “unambiguous,” it says, and there is “no convincing alternative explanation” that
anything other than humans — the cars we drive, the power plants we operate, the forests we destroy
— are to blame.
The report was approved for release by the White House, but the findings come as the Trump
administration is defending its climate change policies. The United Nations convenes its annual climate
change conference next week in Bonn, Germany, and the American delegation is expected to face
harsh criticism over President Trump’s decision to walk away from the 195-nation Paris climate accord
and top administration officials’ stated doubts about the causes and impacts of a warming planet.
While there were pockets of resistance to the report in the Trump administration, according to climate
scientists involved in drafting the report, there was little appetite for a knockdown fight over climate
change among Mr. Trump’s top advisers, who are intensely focused on passing a tax reform bill — an
effort they think could determine the fate of his presidency.

Adapted from: http://nytimes.com

The author is primarily concerned with…

A. the record-breaking weather events and temperature extremes
B. the effort and fate Trump’s presidency
C. the climate report released by the White House
D. the decision taken by US delegation in the climate change conference
E. the United Nation annual climate conference in paris

Jawaban: D

Pembahasan:
Fokus penulis di dalam teks dapat terlihat dari mayoritas informasi yang dijelaskan. Pada paragraf
pertama, penulis membuka bahasan teks dengan menyebutkan adanya kenaikan rata-rata temperatur
bumi berdasarkan suatu laporan, juga disebutkan mengenai beberapa penyebabnya. Di paragraf
kedua, penulis memfokuskan pada sikap yang diambil oleh perwakilan dari Amerika Serikat yang
memutuskan untuk meninggalkan konferensi terlepas dari betapa pentingnya bagi setiap negara
untuk mendukung penyelamatan lingkungan dari pemanasan global. Pernyataan ini terdapat pada
kalimat terakhir: … and the American delegation is expected to face harsh criticism over President
Trump’s decision to walk away …. Terakhir, di paragraf ketiga penulis menuliskan bahwa para
penasihat Presiden Trump lebih fokus pada reformasi pajak daripada memikirkan solusi terhadap
perubahan iklim.
Berdasarkan informasi-informasi dari setiap paragraf, terlihat bahwa teks secara umum membahas
mengenai keputusan yang diambil oleh delegasi Amerika Serikat dalam konferensi perubahan iklim
(the decision taken by the US delegation in the climate change conference).

7. Passage organizing

Read the following passage.

The story of Dara Puspita, an Indonesian all-female band that was famous in the 1960s, is set to
be made into a biopic by production house FP. FP producer Frederica said she believed the Surabaya-
based band’s story deserved to be told on the big screen. “We think it’s important, especially because
at that time they were the only Indonesian all-female band that performed in dozens of European
cities,” Frederica told tempo.co.
Expected to be released in 2020, the production house is currently still conducting research.
“Their story will be very inspiring,” said Frederica, who expressed optimism the film would set a new
trend in the industry, which she said lacked, films about local musicians. The band has reportedly given
consent for the adaptation. Drummer Titiek Hamzah also expressed hopes the film would show the
band’s stories and struggles. “It needs to represent what a musician’s journey is like,” she said. The
journey of Dara Puspita began from the 1960s to the early 1970s. In 1965, they became the opening
act for legendary band Koes Bersaudara under the name Irama Puspita. Among their popular tracks
were “A Go Go”, “Burung Kakaktua” and “Tanah Airku”.

Adapted from: http://www.thejakartapost.com

How does the author organize the passage? By…

A. exposing the news about the film then explaining its values
B. exposing the reason behind the making of the film and explaining the plot
C. explaining the purpose of the film and the targets of the producer
D. describing the film and explaining the members of Dara Puspita Band
E. describing Dara Puspita Band and explaining its next project

Jawaban: A

Pembahasan:
Untuk menjawab pertanyaan ini, pahami ide pokok paragraf 1 dan 2.
Paragraf 1 → memaparkan berita tentang rencana pembuatan film Dara Puspita yang akan dibuat oleh
rumah produksi FP (the story of Dara Puspita, an Indonesian all-female band that was famous in the
1960s, is set to be made into a biopic by production house FP). Selain itu, perwakilan dari rumah
produksi FP menyatakan kepada salah satu situs berita bahwa pembuatan film ini penting mengingat
Dara Puspita adalah grup musik wanita satu-satunya Indonesia yang tampil di berbagai kota di Eropa
(kalimat terakhir).
Paragraf 2 → berisi tentang nilai-nilai yang ingin disampaikan lewat film ini, bahwa ceritanya akan
menginspirasi dan diyakini akan memberikan tren terbaru dalam industri film dengan menampilkan
kisah mengenai musisi lokal (their story will be very inspiring,” said Frederica, who expressed optimism
the film would set a new trend in the industry, which she said lacked, films about local
musicians). Dengan demikian, dapat diketahui bahwa penulis menyusun teks ini dengan
memunculkan berita tentang rencana pembuatan film Dara Puspita dan menjelaskan nilai-nilai yang
akan disajikan dalam film ini.
Jadi, jawaban yang tepat adalah exposing the news about the film and explaining its values.
8. Inffered statement

Read the passage below.

In 1979, two British farmers reported that, while sitting on a hill, they suddenly saw the crops below
flattened in a perfect circle. They inferred that some great force must have come down directly from
above to squash the corn and barley. This started a public hysteria about so-called crop circles. The
patterns pressed into the crops (not all of them were circles) seemed to have no entry or exit
points. Many people hypothesized that only alien spaceships could make such bizarre imprints.
Others, including Britain’s police, assailed such wild conclusions. They had a contrary theory: Someone
was playing a big hoax. Teams of investigators took samples of the plants and the soil, trying to
objectively analyze the crop circles as if they were a crime scene.
Public curiosity often impaired the investigators, who had to tolerate busloads of tourists flocking to
the circles. The farmers in the area, long suspicious of the police, approached the case as an instance
of police versus the people. If the local farmers knew the circles were a hoax, they wouldn’t say so.

Taken from: McGraw-Hill’s Must-Have Words p. 141

Which of the following can be inferred from the statement ‘Many people hypothesized that only alien
spaceships could make such bizarre imprints’ in the first paragraph?
A. The phenomenon interest lots of tourist to sightsee the crops.
B. The government believes that someone was playing a big hoax.
C. The crops seemed to have no entry or exit points.
D. Most people do not believe that humans are able to make crop circles.
E. Some great force must have come down directly from above to make the crops.

Jawaban: D

Pembahasan:

Pernyataan many people hypothesized that only alien spaceships could make such bizarre
imprints membicarakan mengenai hipotesa kebanyakan orang yang menyebutkan bahwa hanya
makhluk luar angkasa sejenis alien yang hanya bisa membuat jejak aneh tersebut. Pahami bahwa
frasa such bizarre imprints merujuk pada crop circles yang disebutkan di kalimat sebelum pernyataan
soal. Selain itu, kata kerja hypothesized merupakan kata kerja yang menggambarkan suatu hipotesa
atau dugaan. Berdasarkan hal ini dapat dipahami bahwa pernyataan pada soal mengindikasikan
bahwa kebanyakan orang tidak mempercayai kemampuan manusia bisa membuat hal seperti crop
circles ini–yang kemudian menyebabkan mereka berhipotesa mengenai alien.
Jadi, pilihan jawaban yang paling tepat adalah most people do not believe that humans are able to
make the crop circles.

9. Summary

Read the following text.

Dangerous as anger can be, it is also natural, even necessary, and has been hard-wired into the
brain by evolution. Most obviously, anger helped people survive. As soon as this survival was
threatened, anger was triggered, along with violent defensive action. More surprisingly, perhaps,
anger also helped early humans to live together in groups, acting as a kind of warning signal in the
form of threatening facial expressions, clenched fists, reddening cheeks, and so on. This lets others
know that their behavior was unacceptable, that they were invading someone’s personal space and
that they risked physical retaliation.
At first glance, anger seems relatively simple. Ask the man in the street to define it and he will
probably say ‘it’s what happens when people annoy you.’ But anger can take many forms and has
numerous different triggers. And what infuriates one person may pass by another unnoticed. One
individual can make her way through a bustling crowd, or sit next to a screaming child, and seem
perfectly relaxed. But if someone questions her political beliefs, or disrupts her plans, she will fly into
an uncontrollable rage.
For some, anger is triggered more by petty annoyances than by major catastrophes. They will
be calm and methodical during a bereavement, for example, or when traveling to the hospital for an
operation, but as soon as the neighbor’s car alarm goes off, or the printer runs out of ink, they explode.
For others, it is threats to their money, property, status or time that act as the major catalyst. They
may let the petty irritations go, but if their car is scratched or their authority questioned, they become
enraged.
Finally, some will laugh off both petty irritations and threats to their money or status. For them,
rule-breaking is the most infuriating thing. This is especially true of those with obsessive-compulsive
or autistic traits: people who like and need things to be regular and ordered. And such rules can be
more like vague, unspoken agreements. For example, someone may be sensitive about their acne or
low income. Friends understand this and so the subject is never raised. One evening, someone makes
a harmless remark and is shocked to see their friend explode with rage. But it wasn’t the fact that his
low income or bad skin had been mentioned, nor even that he felt humiliated; his anger was sparked
because someone had broken the rules.

Taken from: http://www.healthguidance.org

From the passage, it can be summed up that…

A. Some people get angry for small or serious things and some others might get angry, not due
to small or serious matters, but because people ask them what they do not like to be asked.
B. Most people get angry with something they cannot control or predict, or something they are
very sensitive to.
C. Some people get angry for small things, while some get angry for more serious matters.
D. Amongst many conditions that make people angry, the most frequent reason is when people
raise a topic that relates to the person’s bad experience in the past.
E. For an obsessive-compulsive person or someone with autistic traits, he/she can get angry
when someone has broken the rules by, for example messing up the order or regulation and
not doing what they are asked to do.

Jawaban: C

Pembahasan:
Rangkuman teks dapat diketahui dengan memahami ide pokok tiap paragraf. Untuk teks ini, ide pokok
tiap paragrafnya adalah sebagai berikut.
Paragraf 1 → mengenai rasa marah yang dimiliki oleh setiap orang (Everyone has anger, and it is an
act of survival).
Paragraf 2 → mengenai bentuk-bentuk rasa marah dan pemicunya (Anger can take many forms and
has different triggers).
Paragraf 3 → mengenai hal apa saja yang dapat membuat orang marah (Some people get angry for
small things, while some get angry during major catastrophe).
Paragraf 4 → masih mengenai hal apa saja yang dapat membuat orang marah (Some people with
obsessive-compulsive traits have rules on what they can be asked and what they cannot be asked. They
can get angry if other people break this rule).
Setelah memahami ide pokok tiap paragraf, perhatikan pilihan jawaban.
▪ Amongst many conditions that make people angry, the most frequent reason is when people
raise a topic that relates to the person’s bad experience in the past. → Tidak mewakili
keseluruhan isi teks.
▪ For an obsessive-compulsive person or someone with autistic traits, he/she can get angry when
someone has broken the rules by, for example messing up the order or regulation and not
doing what they are asked to do. → Salah karena hanya mencakup isi paragraf terakhir.
▪ Most people get angry with something they cannot control or predict, or something they are
very sensitive to. → Salah karena hanya mencakup isi paragraf 2.
▪ Some people get angry for small things, while some get angry for more serious matters. →
Salah karena tidak mencakup isi paragraf terakhir.

Ingat kembali bahwa rangkuman teks harus mencakup isi keseluruhan teks. Jadi, pernyataan yang
benar untuk merangkum isi teks pada nomor ini adalah pilihan jawaban some people get angry for
small or serious things and some other might get angry not due to small or serious matter, but because
people ask them what they do not like to be asked. Pilihan jawaban ini merangkum isi paragraf pertama
sampai terakhir teks.

10. Main Ideas

There are two crucial points on the topic of education and training of future educational
psychologists. They are: the space and context of the school/educational psychologist’s performance;
and the psychology undergraduate course curriculum. On the first point, it is understood and
defended that there is a big difference between being an educational psychologist on the staff of a
school, and acting as a school psychologist in a private office outside the institution. Even though the
profession is defined by education (degree) and the purpose of the work (responding to school’s
demands), it is understood that the local/position in which the professional stands makes a big
difference in the role of its actions. Consequently, different elements are required in the process of
the individual’s education/training, such as: knowledge about educational policies, organization and
laws; training to deal with institution dynamic and continued education, etc.
On the second point, it is defended that the school environment and the whole structure that
delimits this space should be considered when choosing disciplines and the method of knowledge
construction for undergraduate curricula design, thereby expanding the professional’s insight into
other knowledge fields, such as education and politics, among others. About the curriculum related
to the performance of educational psychologists outside (as consultants or autonomous professionals)
and inside the school (as part of the teacher/functionary board), a discussion is proposed between the
professional practice and the reflections enabled by the application of the Network of Meanings
concept, which may show, among others, connections between elements.

Adapted from: http://ac.els-cdn.com

The passage is mainly concerned with…

A. psychological elements in education
B. important points of education and training
C. the work of educational psychologists
D. educational policies for psychologists
E. educational psychologists’ education and training

Jawaban: E
Pembahasan:
Paragraf tersebut membahas mengenai dua poin penting dalam pendidikan dan pelatihan psikolog
pendidikan di masa yang akan datang. Paragraf pertama membahas mengenai kinerja psikolog
pendidikan terkait ruang dan konteks, yakni bekerja di sekolah atau bekerja sebagai profesional di luar
sekolah atau institusi pendidikan.
Paragraf kedua membahas mengenai desain kurikulum sarjana psikologi yang seharusnya
mempertimbangkan batasan-batasan yang muncul dari bekerja di lingkungan sekolah.
Jadi, teks tersebut membahas mengenai pendidikan dan pelatihan psikolog pendidikan (educational
psychologists’ education and training).

11. Sentence relation

Before engineers dreamed of eliminating drivers in cars, they imagined eliminating the side
mirrors. Now a long-sought solution looks closer to finally stripping cars of side mirrors. Many
automakers demonstrate video systems that replace the Mickey Mouse ears with cameras.
Continental, a major parts and systems supplier to automakers, was one of them.
In a customized Mercedes-Benz CLS, Continental demonstrated how its system would work.
Thumb-size video cameras on the exterior of the car replace the side-mounted mirrors and use interior
screens on the left and right side of the dashboard to deliver views of what is next to and behind the
car. The screens are near where a driver would normally look to check a mirror, and the camera views
are wider than what a physical mirror can provide, eliminating blind spots along the side of the car.
The cameras, which can automatically adjust to reduce glare from sunlight or increase brightness at
night, are also helpful in tight parking spots.
Technology suppliers hope that regulations requiring old-fashioned physical mirrors will be
amended. Philipp Hoffmann, BMW’s project manager for camera monitor systems expected to begin
road testing of the mirrorless systems in Europe this year, quickly followed by additional testing in
Asia. He remained hopeful that the United States would follow soon.
He may have a good reason to be optimistic. Daimler AG, parent company of Mercedes-Benz,
is already testing a couple of autonomous tractor-trailers in Nevada that use large high-definition
screens instead of side mirrors. Also, BMW recently received an exemption from the Transportation
Department in the U.S. to allow it to deploy an automatic parking feature that enables a BMW 7 Series
car to park itself, while the driver stands on the curb. It is a feature the company demonstrated only
a year ago.
Using cameras instead of physical mirrors could also end dangling damaged mirrors. To replace
a typical mirror can be expensive as much as $946 on a 2015 Acura RLX, according to the insurance
institute. However, Mr. McConnell at Continental noted potential savings in building cars that no
longer need the structural support for side-mounted mirrors.

Adapted from: https://www.nytimes.com/2016/02/05/automobiles/end-of-the-road-may-be-near-

for-side-mirrors.html

How is the last sentence of paragraph 3 related to paragraph 4?

A. The last sentence of paragraph 3 describes the regulation in implementing the technology in
the U.S. and the following paragraph elaborates it.
B. The sentence discusses the possibility for the technology to be implemented in the U.S. and
the following paragraph explains the reason for the possibility.
C. The sentence states Philipp Hoffman’s idea about eliminating drivers in car and the following
paragraph elaborates the idea.
 D. Paragraph 4 provides an example to support the idea about the implementation of
Mercedes-Benz technology mentioned in the previous sentence.
E. Paragraph 4 explicates Continental’s sense of optimism provided in the last sentence of
paragraph 3.
Jawaban: B

Pembahasan:
Kalimat terakhir paragraf ke-3 membahas mengenai harapan Philipp Hoffman, selaku manajer BMW,
agar sistem tanpa kaca spion ini bisa diuji coba di Amerika Serikat.
Paragraf ke-4 menunjukkan alasan-alasan mengapa Hoffman dapat bersikap optimis akan harapannya
tersebut. Salah satu alasan itu adalah perusahaan induk Mercedes-Benz, yakni Daimler AG telah
menguji truk trailer yang menggunakan layar – bukan spion – di Nevada, Amerika Serikat.
Jadi, hubungan kalimat terakhir paragraf ke-3 dengan paragraf ke-4 adalah the sentence discusses the
possibility for the technology to be implemented in the U.S. and the following paragraph explain the
reasons for the possibility (kalimat ini membahas mengenai kemungkinan teknologi tersebut
digunakan di Amerika Serikat, dan paragraf selanjutnya menjelaskan alasan-alasan terjadinya
kemungkinan tersebut).

12. True and False Idea

The green movement is catching on in many pockets of the world. This is especially true in the
construction industry. Today’s buzzwords, which include global warming and zero emission, are
causing everyday people to look for ways to reduce their carbon footprint. Purchasing
environmentally-friendly property is a good investment for those who are concerned about their own
health and the well-being of the earth. Based on this trend, entire districts, known as eco-
communities, are being designed with green initiatives in mind. Dockside Green in Victoria, British
Columbia, Canada is one of these communities. Its goal is to become the world’s first zero-emissions
neighborhood.
Builders of Dockside Green have the environment in mind with every choice they make. They
ensure proper ventilation, and guarantee residents 100% fresh indoor air. Interior and exterior
building materials, such as paints and wood, are natural and non-toxic. Eco-conscious builders use
bamboo wherever possible because it is durable and does not require pesticides to grow.
Energy efficiency is one of the top priorities in eco-communities, such as Dockside Green. Not only do
energy-efficient appliances and light fixtures reduce the environmental impact of heating and hot
water, they also save residents and business owners money. Dockside Green claims that homeowners
will use 55% less energy than average residents in Canada. Though they are sharing space by investing
in condo-style living, residents will have individual utility metres. Studies show that people use
approximately 20% less energy when they are billed for exactly what they use. In addition, water is
treated at Dockside Green and reused on site for flushing toilets.
Planners of eco-communities such as Dockside Green must take the future into account.
Dockside Green will reuse 90% of its construction waste. They also plan to continue using local
suppliers for all of their transport and maintenance needs. This is a great way to reduce emissions.
Dockside residents will be encouraged to make use of a mini transit system and buy into the
community’s car share program. Finally, plans are in the works for a high-tech heating system that will
use renewable biomass instead of fossil fuels.

Adapted from: http://tx.english-ch.com/teacher/lyn/level-c/ecocommunities-dockside-green/

The false idea that the author may hold about Dockside Green is that…
A. It is where more natural living can exist.
B. It provides all eco-friendly properties.
C. It encourages all houses to utilize efficient energy.
D. It is a good asset to buy a property in it.
E. It reduces global warming and emissions.

Jawaban: A

Pembahasan:

Teks tersebut menjabarkan mengenai Dockside Green, yakni sebuah kawasan hunian yang ramah
lingkungan. Kawasan ini didesain agar tidak menghasilkan zat buang (emisi) ke lingkungan. Desain
bangunannya pun ramah lingkungan menggunakan material alami seperti bambu dan bahan
bangunan yang tidak beracun (paragraf ke-2).

Penulis juga menyebutkan bahwa properti ramah lingkungan adalah investasi properti yang baik
terutama untuk mereka yang peduli akan kesehatan lingkungan dan dirinya (paragraf ke-1). Oleh
karenanya, bisa disimpulkan bahwa properti di Dockside Green adalah aset yang baik.

Sistem permukiman di Dockside Green, di mana setiap penghuni memiliki pencatat penggunaan
energi individu akan mendorong penghuni lebih hemat dalam menggunakan energi (paragraf ke-3).
Kawasan hunian ini juga akan menggunakan kembali 90% limbah konstruksinya sehingga menurunkan
jumlah emisi ke lingkungan (paragraf ke-4).

Jadi, kesalahpahaman yang mungkin timbul dari penjabaran mengenai Dockside Green adalah lokasi
tersebut merupakan tempat di mana lebih banyak kehidupan alami dapat terwujud (it is where more
natural livings can exist). Padahal, berdasarkan penjabaran di atas, Dockside Green adalah kawasan
permukiman yang didesain ramah lingkungan dengan model kondominium (paragraf ke-4).

13. Preceeding paragraf

Having known the benefit of seasonal detoxification, it is then important for us to know how to
do it. The best way to begin a spring cleanse, and to optimize results, is to incorporate cleansing and
alkalizing foods, nutrients, botanicals, and mind-body healing practices into a gentle program. They
also allow healing and transformation to spring forth naturally.
According to Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) philosophy, every season correlates to
different “elements” or organ systems in the body. For example, winter correlates with the water
element and the kidneys/bladder system. From a Western naturopathic perspective, cold weather can
put stress on your adrenal and thyroid glands. As a result, the blood becomes more acidic and there
is a buildup of lactic acid. This can lead to sluggishness, muscle and joint pain, and arthritis.
Both Eastern and Western naturopathic medical systems agree that the transition from winter
to spring offers an ideal opportunity to shed extra weight. It is also a good time to gently cleanse
accumulated toxins from the body. This excess buildup can be the result of numerous factors. The
main causes include unhealthy diet, poor digestion, lack of exercise, winter dehydration, normal
metabolic processes, and environmental pollution.
In TCM, spring corresponds to the liver and the gallbladder. A gentle spring cleanse effectively
supports the liver’s vital detoxification processes. It also eliminates toxins stored in organs and tissues,
helps shed excess weight, alkalizes the body, and gets your circulation and energy moving. Digestion
is improved and inflammation is reduced. Moreover, blood sugar is balanced and immune functions
better.
A cleansing diet is the most critical component of any detoxification program. Animal protein,
particularly red meat, should be minimized during a cleanse. It emphasizes lighter, organic plant-based
proteins that are easier for the body to digest. Below are the critical components of a detox diet which
can help improve digestion and enhance detoxification, resulting in greater energy and vitality.

Adapted from: http://innergardensprings.com/igs-blog/archives/06-2016

About seasonal detoxification, which topic does the paragraph preceding the passage most likely
discuss?
A. its process
B. its side effect
C. its origin
D. its definition
E. its advantage

Jawaban: E

Pembahasan:

Kalimat pertama di paragraf ke-1 berbunyi, “Having known the benefit of seasonal detoxification, …”
(setelah mengetahui keuntungan dari detoksifikasi berdasarkan musim,…).
Jadi, berdasarkan kutipan paragraf ini, maka paragraf yang mendahului teks tersebut pasti membahas
mengenai keuntungan detoksifikasi (its advantage).

14. Summary

Having known the benefit of seasonal detoxification, it is then important for us to know how to
do it. The best way to begin a spring cleanse, and to optimize results, is to incorporate cleansing and
alkalizing foods, nutrients, botanicals, and mind-body healing practices into a gentle program. They
also allow healing and transformation to spring forth naturally.
According to Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) philosophy, every season correlates to
different “elements” or organ systems in the body. For example, winter correlates with the water
element and the kidneys/bladder system. From a Western naturopathic perspective, cold weather can
put stress on your adrenal and thyroid glands. As a result, the blood becomes more acidic and there
is a buildup of lactic acid. This can lead to sluggishness, muscle and joint pain, and arthritis.
Both Eastern and Western naturopathic medical systems agree that the transition from winter
to spring offers an ideal opportunity to shed extra weight. It is also a good time to gently cleanse
accumulated toxins from the body. This excess buildup can be the result of numerous factors. The
main causes include unhealthy diet, poor digestion, lack of exercise, winter dehydration, normal
metabolic processes, and environmental pollution.
In TCM, spring corresponds to the liver and the gallbladder. A gentle spring cleanse effectively
supports the liver’s vital detoxification processes. It also eliminates toxins stored in organs and tissues,
helps shed excess weight, alkalizes the body, and gets your circulation and energy moving. Digestion
is improved and inflammation is reduced. Moreover, blood sugar is balanced and immune functions
better.
A cleansing diet is the most critical component of any detoxification program. Animal protein,
particularly red meat, should be minimized during a cleanse. It emphasizes lighter, organic plant-based
proteins that are easier for the body to digest. Below are the critical components of a detox diet which
can help improve digestion and enhance detoxification, resulting in greater energy and vitality.
Adapted from: http://innergardensprings.com/igs-blog/archives/06-2016

What is the best summary of the passage?

A. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) philosophy believes that seasonal detoxification is a
crucial practice for a holistic mind-body healing. This is because every season correlates to our
body differently. According to this philosophy, our body is craving for a spring cleanse every
year, and we must listen to our body.
B. Seasonal detoxification should be done during the transition from winter to spring since it is
the right time to get rid of toxins, shed extra weight and alkalize the body. To do this, people
should incorporate cleansing and organic plant-based diet and combine them with mind-body
healing practices.
C. To obtain the best outcome for health, a detoxification program can only be done during
winter of spring for three days up to three weeks. An effective way to do this is by combining
cleansing and alkaline foods with light exercises.
D. To achieve the best result, a detoxification program needs to be done in between April and
May. To do this, people need to combine cleansing with an alkaline-based diet that relies
heavily on organic foods.
E. Cleansing and alkalizing foods, nutrients, botanical and mind-body healing practices are the
foundations of Traditional Chinese Medicine. To incorporate a TCM philosophy, every person
must do a fast cleansing program in the spring.
Jawaban: B

Pembahasan:

Teks tersebut menjabarkan mengenai bagaimana cara melakukan detoksifikasi berdasarkan musim,
terutama detoksifikasi musim semi. Pada paragraf ke-3 disebutkan bahwa waktu paling tepat untuk
melaksanakan detoksifikasi musim semi adalah pada fase pergantian musim dari musim dingin ke
musim semi.

Detoksifikasi musim semi seperti disebutkan di paragraf ke-4 dapat membantu menurunkan berat
badan berlebih, membuat tubuh lebih bersifat alkali atau basa, dan lebih melancarkan peredaran
darah serta energi.

Untuk melakukan detoksifikasi ini berdasarkan paragraf ke-5, asupan makanan harus lebih
diperhatikan, yakni lebih memilih protein nabati. Selain itu, berdasarkan paragraf ke-1, detoksifikasi
bukan hanya mengenai mengubah ragam makanan, melainkan juga melakukan praktik penyembuhan
pikiran dan tubuh (mind-body healing practices).

Jadi, berdasarkan penjelasan tersebut, kesimpulan terbaik akan teks ini dinyatakan pada opsi pilihan
jawaban yaitu Seasonal detoxification should be done during the transition from winter to spring since
it is the right time to get rid of toxins, shed extra weight and alkalize the body. To do this, people should
incorporate cleansing and organic plant-based diet and combine them with mind-body healing
practices.

Atau dalam bahasa Indonesia-nya, detoksifikasi berdasarkan musim harus dilaksanakan pada masa
pergantian musim dingin ke musim semi karena pada waktu tersebut adalah waktu yang tepat untuk
menyingkirkan racun, membuang kelebihan berat badan, dan membasakan tubuh. Untuk melakukan
hal ini, masyarakat harus menggabungkan antara detoksifikasi dengan makanan berasal dari
tumbuhan serta mengombinasikan keduanya dengan praktik penyembuhan pikiran dan tubuh.
15. Main Idea

Human brain structure is composed of three main parts: the forebrain, midbrain and hindbrain, each
with multiple parts.

The Cerebrum: Also known as the cerebral cortex, the cerebrum is the largest part of the human brain,
and it is associated with higher brain function such as thought and action. Nerve cells make up the
gray surface, which is a little thicker than our thumb. White nerve fibers beneath the surface carry
signals between nerve cells in other parts of the brain and body . Its wrinkled surface increases the
surface area, and is a six-lay ered structure found in mammals, called the neocortex. It is divided into
four sections, called “lobes”. They are; the frontal lobe, the parietal lobe, the occipital lobe and the
temporal lobe.

Frontal Lobe – The frontal lobe lies just beneath our forehead and is associated with our brain’s ability
to reason, organize, plan, speak, move, make facial expressions, serial task, problem solve, control
inhibition, spontaneity , initiate and self-regulate behaviors, pay attention, remember and control
emotions.

Parietal Lobe – The parietal lobe is located at the upper rear of our brain, and controls our complex
behaviors, including senses such as vision, touch, body awareness and spatial orientation. It play s
important roles in integrating sensory information from various parts of our body , knowledge of
numbers and their relations, and in the manipulation of objects. Portions are involved with our
visuospatial processing, language comprehension, the ability to construct, body positioning and
movement, neglect/inattention, left-right differentiation and self-awareness/insight.

Occipital Lobe – The occipital lobe is located at the back of our brain, and is associated with our visual
processing, such as visual recognition, visual attention, spatial analy sis (moving in a 3-D world) and
visual perception of body language; such as postures, expressions and gestures.

Temporal Lobe – The temporal lobe is located near our ears, and is associated with processing our
perception and recognition of auditory stimuli (including our ability to focus on one sound among
many , like listening to one voice among many at a party ), comprehending spoken language, verbal
memory , visual memory and language production (including fluency and word-finding), general
knowledge and autobiographical memories.

A deep furrow divides the cerebrum into two halves, known as the left and right hemispheres. And,
while the two hemispheres look almost sy mmetrical, each side seems to function differently . The
right hemisphere is considered our creative side, and the left hemisphere is considered our logical
side. A bundle of axons, called the corpus callosum, connects the two hemispheres.

What is the main idea of the passage?

A. The description of surface carry signals between nerve cells in other parts of the brain and
body .
B. The explanation about A bundle of axons, called the corpus callosum, connects the two
hemispheres.
C. The overview about the structure and function of the human brain.
D. The findings of the important roles of parietal lobe in integrating sensory information from
various parts of our body.
E. The argument of the perception and recognition of auditory stimuli in human brain.
Jawaban: C

Pembahasan:
Soal ini menanyakan tentang ide pokok yang merupakan inti utama dari seluruh isi tulisan. Ide
pokok wacana ini adalah mengenai gambaran mengenai struktur dan fungsi otak manusia.
Informasi ini dapat ditemukan di paragraf awal ‘Human brain structure is composed of three main
parts: the forebrain, midbrain and hindbrain, each with multiple parts’ dan kemudian setiap poin
struktur dan fungsi dijelaskan di setiap paragraf. Wacana ini bersifat deduktif karena ide pokok
terdapat di paragraf pertama.