OUR LADY OF THE HOLY ROSARY SCHOOL

Member, Association of LASSSAI Accredited Superschools

(ALAS)
Deborahville Subdivision, Amaya I , Tanza 4108 Cavite
(ALAS)
Tel. No.: (046) 437-1558Email: olhrs.edu@gmail.com

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT

DISADVANTAGE OF CLOSURE OF SOME COMPANIES

TO THE WORKERS IN THE PHILIPPINES

A Research Manuscript
Submitted to the Senior High School Department
Of Our Lady of the Holy Rosary School – Amaya
Amaya, Tanza, Cavite

In partial fulfilment of
The requirements for
Practical Research 2
Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics

RALPH MIKHAIL BARBADO

ABBIEGAIL GELERA
JOHN MICHAEL MOJICA
MYNEL IESU SANTOS
ASHLEY SARMINETO
December 2020
 INTRODUCTION

“A Company is a lawful set up in which utilizes markets or any transactions and compose

of individual or groups”. Company-Kenton, (2020). According to Dungo, (2020), “There are top

15 companies to work in the Philippines considering to their wages, recruitments there’s social

security’s work place and their carrier improvement. The top 15 best companies to work for in

the Philippines are Accenture, Google Philippines, IBM, San Miguel Corporation, Cebu Air,

Philippine Airlines, Ayala Corporation, BDO, Procter and Gamble, Unilever, Nestle, Metro

bank, Johnson and Johnson, Coca Cola Beverages Philippines and SM Investments

Corporation.”

Company is one of the sources of income in the Philippines until the Novel Corona Virus

starts and few months later becomes Covid 19 that causes Pandemic. Due to a rapid risk of said

virus the government of the Philippines under the president Rodrigo Duterte announced the firsts

Enhance Community Quarantine in Luzon which turns to a total lockdown to monitor and

restrict the movement the population except for help care workers and other staffs under front

liners. It affects the lives of many most especially the workers of different companies who is

affected to the Pandemic.

According to Inquirer, (2020), more than 3,000 business establishments have reported a

temporary shutdown of operations, while more than 200 have closed down permanently since

January this year, closures affected more than 100,000 workers. More than 3,000 companies

have closed down temporarily amid the COVID-19 pandemic that prompted President Duterte to

place Luzon under a restrict lockdown in mid-March in an effort to contain the spread of the new

coronavirus. Labor official, Silvestre Bello III said he would meet with senators to discuss how
the labor department could continue its COVID-19 Adjustment Measures Program meant to

provide each assistance to displaced workers in the formal sector.

In this study you will find out what is the effect of the pandemic in our economy,

to the people, to the owners and to the transaction internationals.

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

The purpose of this survey research is to identify the disadvantages of the closure of

some companies to the workers in the Philippines to understand the effect of the closure of some

companies to the workers in the Philippines.

OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

General Objectives

 To main purpose of this study is to understand the effect of the closure of some companies

to the workers in the Philippines

Specific Objectives

 To know the disadvantages of the closure of some companies.

 To determine the effect of quarantine to the workers who lost their job due to the pandemic.

 To determine the effect of the closure of some companies to those who are seeking for a job

during the pandemic.

HYPOTHESIS

Null Hypothesis ( H 0)

There is no significant effect on the closure of some companies and the workers in

the Philippines.
 Alternative Hypothesis ( H 1)

There is a significant effect on the closure of some companies and workers in the

Philippines.

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

 For the Elderly, they will be able to know through this study the disadvantage of closure of

some companies to the workers in the Philippines.

 For the new generation, they will understand the disadvantage of closure of some companies

to the workers in the Philippines.

 For the future researchers, they can rely on our study if they have the some needed Review

of Related Literature of the disadvantage of closure of some companies to the workers in the

Philippines.

TIME AND PLACE OF THE STUDY

The study was conducted at home and will be conducted on September 2020 and will

possibly end on December 2020. The collecting of data will be conducted through online

platform.

DEFINITION OF TERMS

Company – a commercial business.

Closure – an act or process of closing something, especially an institution, thoroughfare, or

frontier, or of being closed.

Disadvantage – an unfavorable circumstance or condition that reduces the chances of success or

effectiveness.
Worker – a person who does a specified type of work or who works in a specified way.

Pandemic – an epidemic occurring worldwide, or over a very wide area, crossing international

boundaries and usually affecting a large number of people.

New Generation - relating to or designating the most recent version, phase, or stage of

development of a product, activity, technology, etc.

Elderly - rather old or being past middle age.

SCOPE AND LIMITATION

The study covers the disadvantage of closure of some companies to the workers in the

Philippines. This study will also determine the benefits and problems that most Filipinos

encounter because of the closing of some companies in the Philippines.

I. CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

Independent Variable Dependent Variable

Benefits and problems Filipino workers

Closure of companies
will encounter
 Figure 1

The figure illustrates that the closure of companies will have a major effect on the

Filipino workers. When a company closes, the workers will suffer due to unemployment and

especially when there is a pandemic, the workers will need money to survive.
 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

The researchers’ topic is all about the Disadvantage of Closure of Some Companies to the

Workers in the Philippines. The reasons why the researchers’ establish in reviewing the literature

is for the people to know the disadvantage of closure of companies in the Philippines. And for us

to have the background and idea on the researchers’ topic, and also for having information on

how the economy of the Philippines will affected because of the pandemic. Lastly, to know the

different strategies of every citizen in coping with the current situation.

DISADVANTAGE OF CLOSURE OF COMPANIES IN THE PHILIPPINES

According to Ichimura, A. (2020), local businesses, from mother and-pop stores to ship

administrations, are shutting left and right because of the COVID-19 pandemic. With quarantine

still in effect, a few organizations have gone a long time without business. Cafés, lodgings, and

even strip clubs have felt the effect of the pandemic.

As indicated by labor secretary Silvestre Bell, 2,068 organizations in the Philippines have

revealed terminations starting today. That is more than 69,000 specialists left jobless, and these

are just the most recent numbers. As the nation attempts to restart the economy in the coming

weeks, organizations should confront if they can recover from the pandemic or not.

Filipinos at home are not the only ones suffering. Abroad, around 321,000 OFWs have been

dislodged because of the overall emergency, yet not every person wants to return to the
Philippines. According to Bello, more than 191,000 would prefer to remain in their host

countries than get back.

According to Guevarra, L. (2020), the devastating toll of this deadly pandemic on all type

of businesses, from individual business visionaries to the huge business, lot of entrepreneur are

struggling to decide whether to proceed with their tasks or if it is the time to fold up. Businesses

that have temporarily closed shop because of the government-imposed quarantine may no longer

be able to flip back their welcome sign saying “Open for Business.” Instead, many will keep on

going during lockdown, permanently.

But, the choice to close shop doesn't stop there. When that bitter decision is made, you

need to get down to the similarly overwhelming business of shutting down your business,

permanently. What's more, this could be no simple feat having to contend with at least eight

government agencies or instrumentalities to comply with their varying requirements, or give the

proper notifications before your business could be formally and legally retired.

According to Praveen, D. (2020), Philippines, one of the high-hazard nations from the

Wuhan COVID-19 flare-up, recorded the main passing external China. The administration has

declared lock-down of Metro Manila, trailed by the whole Luzon island and is thinking about

more limited lock-downs. The Philippines government announced a condition of disaster in the

nation for a half year on 17 March.

Philippines saw a slower monetary development in the principal half of 2019, contrasted with

2018. The nation saw a supported monetary development of 6.3% somewhere in the range of

2010 and 2018, while the development eased back down to 5.5% in H2 2019. The World Bank

gauges Philippines to observe entire year 2019 financial development of 5.8%.

The progressing COVID-19 sway is relied upon to bring about a quelled development for the

economy in 2020.

Aircraft administrators have affected by the COVID-19 because of establishing of flights. They

have mentioned the legislature to give help with the type of gifts, crisis credit lines and the

exclusion from route and air terminal charges. Mining tasks of two mining organizations in the

Surigao del Norte region, which is home to greater part of the nation's nickel mines, will be

suspended from 01 April 1 to forestall the spread of the Corona Virus.

According to Flanders trade (2020), The “Enhanced Community Quarantine (ECQ)” has

been extended anew until 15 May for Metro Manila, Central Luzon (Region III), Calabarzon

(Region IV-A – Cavite, Laguna, Batangas, Rizal, and Quezon) and other provinces that continue

to face high risk of COVID-19 infections. While regions, provinces or areas which are

considered moderate and or low risk in the spread of COVID-19, will be under “General

Community Quarantine” (GCQ) until mid-May. If there is no deterioration, GCQ areas will be

relaxed leading to normalization. Theccor lockdown in Luzon, which accounts for 70% of the

Philippine economy, began in mid-March and was originally scheduled to end on April 12 but

was extended to April 30.

All government offices, law enforcement agencies and local government units (LGUs) directed

to mobilize all necessary resources to curtail and eliminate the spread of COVID-19. Additional

police and military troops will also be deployed to monitor checkpoints and points of

convergence like public markets to ensure that social distancing rules are observed.
 According to Salaverria, L. (2020), more than 3,000 establishments were reportedly

temporarily shut down while 200 establishments were permanently closed since January this

year, 100,000 workers were affected due to job losses.

Presidential spoke person Harry Roque later said the administration will reopen the economy for

the people so that they do not live physically but live for livelihood.

EFFECT OF CLOSURE OF COMPANIES IN THE ECONOMY OF THE PHILIPPINES

According to Gulf News (2020), the Philippines plunged into downturn after its greatest

quarterly compression on record, information indicated on Thursday, as the economy falters

from the pandemic lockdowns that have destroyed organizations and tossed millions jobless.

GDP shrank 16.5 percent on-year in the subsequent quarter, the Philippine Statistics Authority

stated, when the nation persevered through one of the world's longest stay-at-home requests to

slow the spread of the virus that has crushed economies universally.

According to Asian Development Bank (2020), after the start of the lockdown on March

of the NCR, Calabarzon, and other regions, most Philippine enterprises faced the immediate

closure of business or limitation of business operations. As indicated by the review, 65.9% of

enterprises studied that they temporarily closed their business after the ECQ came to the effect.

Only few operations continued in 29.1% of the enterprises reviewed. Among those few

operations, one fifth announced over half of their business continued, while 78.4% revealed

under half of their business continued. Only 4% of those overviewed remained completely open.

While, 1.1% shut for all time.

 According to Ralf, R. (2020), the economy sleeps for general well-being, yet the freeze

triggers a chain response from work misfortunes to business terminations.

The COVID-19 pandemic has constrained governments to freeze monetary action to spare lives.

Lockdowns, alongside mass testing, have been compelling in restraining the contamination bend.

Be that as it may, the compromise for better wellbeing is an excruciating worldwide downturn.

In any case, financial analysts brought up that it ought not be the worry of nations at this

moment. Actually, a constriction might be fundamental. Yet, market analysts called attention to

that it ought not be the worry of nations at the present time. Truth be told, a withdrawal might be

fundamental.

The National Economic and Development Authority (NEDA) extended 2020 (GDP)

development to be as low as - 0.6%, as the travel industry, exchange, settlements, and utilization

radically drop during the lockdown.

The Philippines is presently battered by an ideal financial tempest. The repercussions and the

modifying cycle will end up being considerably all the more overwhelming.

According to Lopez, R. (2020), About 26 percent of businesses in the Philippines have

closed since the COVID-19 pandemic hit the country, Trade and Industry Secretary Ramon M.

Lopez

Of the 2,135 companies surveyed, 25.9 percent have closed operations (including temporary

shutdown), 52 percent in partial operation, and 22.1 percent in full operation, Lopez said, citing a

Department of Trade and Industry (DTI) survey conducted from June 4 to 17 this year to assess

the status of business around the country amid the continuing imposition of quarantines. The DTI

will run another survey by the end of July.

“Yes, a cause for worry, any business that closes,” said Lopez although he was optimistic that

enterprises will bounce back on the back of the country’s good economic fundamentals. Amid

the worrisome level of closures of establishments and joblessness among Filipinos, Lopez said.

“We need to save companies and jobs to restart and recover faster. “He said that when the

economy started to gradually reopen end of May following the hard lockdown in March and

April, there has been an increase in the country’s manufacturing and output index.

According to Tupas, E. (2020), the Employers Confederation of the Philippines (ECOP)

said that if the lockdown last longer, it will be difficult for other companies to open because of

covid-19 pandemic.

Because traders are having a hard time, the government changed the ECQ to MECQ so that

people can get business again but this is only limited.

According to Ortiz, the establishment that can be opened is up to 20 percent. Due to the impact

of the pandemic today it is difficult to recover immediately before the end of the year.

COPING STRATEGIES IN THE PHILIPPINES DURING THE COVID 19 PANDEMIC

According to Prag, A. (2020), individuals in Jagobiao began meeting up with

neighborhood authorities just after the Covid 19 hit their town to help one another and limit the

spread of the infection. One of these individuals is Alicia Ambos Barrega. Anat Prag from

Cordaid talked with Alicia to explain on what's going on in her town, outside of Cebu City in the

Philippines, and to hear her desires for what's to come. Alicia is extremely enthusiastic about

expanding her town's flexibility to catastrophic events and has been for a long time.

Through her work with the Sacred Heart Chaplaincy, Alicia and others in her community worked

on projects intended to fortify strength in metropolitan zones, to diminish catastrophe hazards,

and to embrace an incorporated danger the board approach. She likewise helped show her

kindred network individuals how to build up their metropolitan ranches, plant vegetable gardens,

and improve the village waste management and collection systems.

According to Arayata, M. C. (2020), As the world continues to pick up from the impact

of the coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19), everyone's lives changed one way or another. These

changes are clear in the way people meet and do their daily tasks. What used to be crowded

places suddenly turned out to be so quiet and empty. As life is compared to a TV arrangement or

film, the show must go on for people despite of the situation. While many view the situation as

hopeless and gloomy, there are still those people who see a silver lining and strive to move

forward with the hope of a better tomorrow. For psychology professor James Philip Ray

Pinggolio, the pandemic has brought a ton of realization and positive changes. "The pandemic

has brought many challenges, and I had a hard time adjusting. But if we look around, there are

actually opportunities amid the crisis that people are dealing with," he told the Philippine News

Agency in a meeting.

According to Vince, N. (2020), the administration's decision to put the whole, this issue

provoked the University Student Council of the University of the Philippines in Diliman, Quezon

City to ask that online classes and elective methods of learning be suspended until the most

recent day of the network isolate on April 14.

Accordingly, to UP Diliman suspended "all classes, including elective methods of learning" with

regards to the need to "put every one of our endeavors on What is basic, and that is the

government assistance of our family and network." This is only one case.
For certain individuals, being set under home, isolate has given them an opportunity to get fit as

a fiddle truly when they are not working. Others have turned to go along with to adapt to the

circumstance, with some looking to attest strength over the continuing COVID-19 pandemic.

According to Business & Human Rights Resource Centre (2020), Dozens of former

workers of garment manufacturer Faremo International launched a picket at the factory site to

protest its closure which resulted in the laying off of over 1,000 workers. According to the union,

the shutdown was not caused by the lack of orders as the company claims, but by anti-union

motivations.

Business & Human Rights Resource Centre invited the companies named in the reports to

respond. Provided below (alongside the relevant reports) are the responses of Gap, which was

reported as one of Faremo's buyers, and Hansoll, the parent company of Faremo. Also provided

is a rejoinder of the labour organization Partido Manggagawa to Gap's response, followed by

Gap's reply to the rejoinder.

According to San Juan, T. (2020), Filipinos show their flexibility through cooking and

selling. Filipinos buy from each other as a sign of unity.

Listening or watching covid-19 related news can make you stress so take a break from social

media and reading articles about it. You can stay informed but make sure that you have

limitation on browsing it.

When this pandemic ends, you may experience mix emotion like afraid, sad, mad and

disappointed so that you need to be prepare and have self-check about your feelings after

pandemic.
 METHODOLOGY

Research Design

The researchers will be using survey research to identify what will be the effect of

closure of some companies to the workers in the Philippines. The researchers will conduct

survey through online platform with the use of Google Drive on workers during the pandemic.

This design will determine the effect of closure of some companies to the workers in the

Philippines. The researchers will make sure that they will be honest throughout the process of the

collection of data.

Participants of the study

The survey will be conducted outside the campus of Our Lady of the Holy Rosary School

via Online groups. The participants will be at the age of 20 years old and above. The researchers

decided that they will conduct an online survey to 178 people who are affected in the closure of

some companies in the Philippines during pandemic.

Sampling Technique

The researchers decided to use the simple random sampling as the sampling technique

since the researchers do not have any categories in their study as long the participants are

currently unemployed.

Data to be gathered

Gathering of Choosing Formulating

seeded information Of the

And materials participants questionnaires

Gathering the Conducting the survey

through online in
Analyzing the data answers from the
Unemployed citizens from
survey Online groups in Facebook

The researchers will be needing to gather all the materials that will be used for

conducting the survey to their participants. The researchers will make the questionnaire in

Google Drive. After the preparations, the researchers will send the questionnaires to the

unemployed citizens in Online groups on Facebook. After that, the researchers will be gathering

the data from the 178 people and lastly, the researchers will analyze the data they have been

gathered.
 QUESTIONNAIRE
NAME: AGE:
(optional)
GENDER: OCCUPATION:
(previous/current)
Please spare us a few minutes of your valuable time to answer this simple Questionnaire, and
please answer it with honesty.
1. What is the reason why the company you are employed in, closes during the pandemic?
a. Lack of Funds/Bankruptcy
b. Cannot handle anymore due to the pandemic
c. Other (pls. specify):
2. Are you heavily affected by the current pandemic?
YES NO BARELY
3. Has your local barangay started supplying essential goods in your community?
YES NO
4. Do you have other source of income aside from your current job?
YES NO
5. If Yes, what type of business? If No, just SKIP this question. On the first choice, pls. underline
your answer.
a. Sari-sari store/Restaurant/Cafeteria (Karinderya)
b. Online Shop
c. Others (pls. specify):
6. If you have a business, what impact has COVID – 19 had on your current business and what is
the forecast for future business?
a. The business closed because of low profits/tough competition
b. The business continues as usual
c. Others (pls. specify):

7. Are you willing to work in an office again when/if working remotely is no longer required or
after the pandemic?
YES NO
Ethical Consideration

The researchers should utilize the following ethical consideration below while the study

is being conducted. It will be used as a rule in order for the study to be.

 Honesty. The researchers strived for honesty in all scientific communication. Any report

data, results, methods and procedures that are gathered will be presented honestly.

 Integrity. The researchers kept their promises and agreements and they will act with

sincerity before and after the study is conducted.

 Carefulness. The researchers avoided careless error such as population specification,

sampling error and measurement error.

 Openness. The researchers will accept criticism and new information that will be

gathered while conducting the study.

 Confidentiality. The researchers avoided presenting names and other confidential items

of the respondents that are included in the study. If and only if the respondents agreed

their names and other confidential items will be shown in the paper.

 Social Responsibility. The researchers aims to promote social good and prevent of

mitigate social harms through research.

 Human Subject Protection. The researchers protected and respected the respondent’s

dignity, privacy and autonomy.

 Objectivity. The researchers strived to avoid bias in experimental design and other

aspects of the research. And this should be expected and required.

 REFERENCE

Arayata, M. C. (2020). Coping with COVID-19: Finding ways to move forward. Retrieved from

https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1117475

Guevara, E. L. A. M. (2020). Easing the closing of business due to Covid-19. Retrieved from

https://businessmirror.com.ph/2020/07/07/easing-the-closing-of-business-due-to-covid-19/

Asian Development Bank (2020). THE COVID-19 IMPACT ON PHILIPPINE BUSINESS.

Retrieved from https://www.adb.org/sites/default/files/publication/622161/covid-19-

impact-philippine-business-enterprise-survey.pdf

Ichimura, A. (2020). Over 2,000 Companies Have Closed Due to Pandemic, Says DOLE.

Retrieved from https://www.esquiremag.ph/money/industry/2000-companies-closed-dole-

a00304-20200610

Cordaid (2020). Strong Filipino communities work together against COVID-19. Retrieved from

https://www.cordaid.org/en/news/strong-filipino-communities-work-together-against-

covid-19/
Gulf News (2020). COVID-19: Virus-hit Philippine economy plunges into recession. Retrieved

from https://gulfnews.com/world/asia/philippines/covid-19-virus-hit-philippine-economy-

plunges-into-recession-1.1596687318655

Basilio, S., & Rinoza, J. (2020). Pandemic’s Economic Effects Propel Philippine Jobless Rate to

Historic High. Retrieved from

https://www.benarnews.org/english/news/philippine/unemplyment-pandemic-

06052020134919.html

Barrot, J., et. al. (2020). Costs and Benefits of Closing Businesses in a Pandemic. Retrieved from

https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3599482

Notato, V. (2020). Coping With Life Under Quarantine, Pinoy Style. Retrieved from

https://www.onenews.ph/coping-with-life-under-quarantine-pinoy-style

Miller, D. (2020). 8 Healthy Coping Strategies to Lower Stress During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Retrieved from https://www.diabeteseducator.org/news/perspectives/aade-blog-details/

adces-perspectives-on-diabetes-care/2020/06/01/8-healthy-coping-strategies-to-lower-

stress-during-the-covid-19-pandemic

Tupas, E. (2020). Lockdown extension will result in closure of businesses — ECOP. Retrieved

from https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2020/05/21/2015455/lockdown-extension-will-

result-closure-businesses-ecop

Salaverria, L. B. (2020). Shutdown of 3,000 companies affects 100,000 workers. Retrieved from

https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1300498/shutdown-of-3k-companies-affects-100k-workers
Vlaanderen (2020). CORONAVIRUS - The situation in Philippines. Retrieved from

https://www.flandersinvestmentandtrade.com/export/nieuws/coronavirus-situation-

philippines

Business & Human Rights Resource Centre (2020). Philippines: Faremo Intl. factory closure

leaves over 1,000 jobless; union suspects shutdown was meant to suppress organizing.

Retrieved from https://www.business-humanrights.org/en/latest-news/philippines-faremo-

intl-factory-closure-leaves-over-1000-jobless-union-suspects-shutdown-was-meant-to-

suppress-organizing/

Magkilat, B. C. (2020). Closure of 26% of PH businesses alarms DTI. Retrieved from

https://mb.com.ph/2020/07/16/closure-of-26-of-ph-businesses-alarms-dti/