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Fuzzy Control

Chapter 4
Fuzzy Relations and the
Extension Principle

陳德育博士
(Dr. Te-Yu Chen)

元智大學電機工程研究所

Contents

1. From Classical Relations to Fuzzy Relation

2. Composition of Fuzzy Relations

3. The Extension Principle

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4.1 From Classical Relations to Fuzzy Relations
4.1.1 Relations

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4.1 From Classical Relations to Fuzzy Relations


Example:
2 groups, one is man , another is girl
, then

.
Define the relational concept ‘Married’, then

If and are crisp sets, then is a crisp


relationship.
Matrix form:

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4.1 From Classical Relations to Fuzzy Relations

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4.1 From Classical Relations to Fuzzy Relations

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4.1 From Classical Relations to Fuzzy Relations

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4.1 From Classical Relations to Fuzzy Relations


Example:
2 crisp sets, and
, define the relational
concept ‘very far’ between these two sets of cities.

Matrix form:

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4.1 From Classical Relations to Fuzzy Relations

:membership

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4.1 From Classical Relations to Fuzzy Relations

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4.1 From Classical Relations to Fuzzy Relations
4.1.2 Projections and Cylindric Extensions

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4.1 From Classical Relations to Fuzzy Relations

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4.1 From Classical Relations to Fuzzy Relations

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Projection(映射關係)

 一模糊關係 , 叫做
〝 在 V 上之映射〞,定義為

(6.6)

 若用元素表示法,(6.6)式可以下式表示之:

 在此假設 及 。

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Projection(映射關係)

Example:
有三個集合 , , ,它
們之間有一種模糊關係R 存在,此關係是定義在
卡迪興乘積 上。
 如表 中之 那一直行所示。
 其他直行之代表映射
,又 代表映射 ,即

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Projection(映射關係)

0 0 0 0.4 0.9 1.0 0.5 1.0 0.9 1.0

0 0 1 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 1.0 0.9 0.9

0 0 2 0.2 0.9 0.8 0.2 1.0 0.9 1.0


0 1 0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0

0 1 1 0.0 1.0 0.9 0.5 1.0 1.0 0.9

0 1 2 0.8 1.0 0.8 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0


1 0 0 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 1.0 0.9 1.0

1 0 1 0.3 0.5 0.5 0.9 1.0 0.9 0.9

1 0 2 0.1 0.5 1.0 0.2 1.0 0.9 1.0


1 1 0 0.0 1.0 0.5 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0

1 1 1 0.5 1.0 0.5 0.5 1.0 1.0 0.9

1 1 2 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0

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Projection(映射關係)

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4.1 From Classical Relations to Fuzzy Relations

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4.1 From Classical Relations to Fuzzy Relations

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4.1 From Classical Relations to Fuzzy Relations

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4.1 From Classical Relations to Fuzzy Relations

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4.1 From Classical Relations to Fuzzy Relations

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Cylindric Extension

 〝柱形擴充 (Cylindric Extension)〞是〝映射


(Projection)〞的反運算(inverse),以 來
表示即

(6.8)

 若用元素表示法,(6.8)式可以下式重寫之:

(6.9)

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Cylindric Extension
Example:
同表 6.1我們有

 並不一定相等於映射之前原始
的 。如上例中
(原始的)
(原始的)

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Cylindric Extension (柱形擴充)
Fuzzy relation R and porjection

柱形擴充 柱形擴充
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4.2 Compositions of Fuzzy Relations

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4.2 Compositions of Fuzzy Relations

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4.2 Compositions of Fuzzy Relations

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4.2 Compositions of Fuzzy Relations

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4.2 Compositions of Fuzzy Relations


Example:
If

lấy min sau đó lấy max


then Hàng ngang P so sánh hàng dọc Q

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4.2 Compositions of Fuzzy Relations

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4.2 Compositions of Fuzzy Relations

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4.2 Compositions of Fuzzy Relations

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4.2 Compositions of Fuzzy Relations

match not match

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4.2 Compositions of Fuzzy Relations

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4.2 Compositions of Fuzzy Relations

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4.2 Compositions of Fuzzy Relations
Example:
若 P 代表公司三位員工{x,y,z}的個性:積極性 、
外向 、靈巧度 ,Q 代表三種工作 a, b, c 需
要的工作個性,則公司主管可以根據模糊關係合成
之運算 來決定哪個員工適合哪種工作。

Ans:
可見員工 x 最適合擔任工作 c,
員工 y 最適合擔任工作 a,
員工 z 最適合擔任工作 b。
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4.2 Compositions of Fuzzy Relations


 若一個模糊關係只針對兩個明確集合 X, Y 定義在卡迪興乘
積 上,此模糊關係 叫做二元模糊關係。
 對一個二元模糊關係 ,它的定義域 (Domain) 也是
一個定義在 X 上的模糊集合寫成 ,它的模糊歸屬
函數定義成

 模糊關係 之值域 (Range) 也是一個定義在 Y 上的模


糊集合寫成 ,它的歸屬函數定義成

對 而言

 之〝高度〞寫成 ,定義成

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4.2 Compositions of Fuzzy Relations
 二元模糊關係 之最方便表示法為矩陣形式,
另一種表示法是〝箭圖(Sagittal Diagram) 〞

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4.2 Compositions of Fuzzy Relations

 是一個定義在 的模糊關係,它是
之反關係 (Inverse),亦即

因此
其中 是R 中之
 套用線性代數矩陣之用語

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4.3 The Extension Principle

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4.3 The Extension Principle

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Extension Principle (延伸原理 )
 一個函數
定義域為X、值域為Y,也是

 定理 (延伸原理)﹕
 一個函數 延伸到 ,其中 A、B
為模糊集合,

上式中 表示對固定的 y,所有 x 使得


對應之歸屬函數 之最小上界(最大)值。

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Extension Principle (延伸原理 )

例 : , ,

 現有Fuzzy set

在此例中,可把 sup 看成 max,

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Extension Principle (延伸原理 )

 定理: , 是一個模糊集合定義在 X上,


也是一個模糊集合定義在宇集合Y上,則延伸原理:
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)

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Fuzzy Control

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