I.

Evidences of Group Virtual Meeting

II. Chapter Title: The Constants of Change

Concept of the Vlog: An Argument On Whether The Universe
Follows Fixed Laws Or Is It Constantly Changing

Content:

There are two opposing views about nature;

1. Everything exists in a well-defined objective reality. (Rigid Law)

2. There is no Objective reality and everything is in constant change.
(Flexible Flux)

There is a transition in theories from being governed by the first viewpoint and
starting to switch to the second, “Change obeys rules”- Not only law and flux
can coexist, but law generate flux.

According to Newton, Mathematics has static models of nature yet there are
few exceptions

1. Plotemy’s Theory of Planetary Motion

- Describes of using system of circles revolving about centers that

themselves were attached.

 Circles and nature both go together by being defined as perfect.

 Newton’s approach to motion illustrated using the motion of a projectile.
Galileo discovered the path of projectile’s a Parabola. The Parabolic path
decomposes/seperates the projectile’s motion into two: Vertical and
Horizontal.
 Cannonball’s motion in:
 a. Horizontal Direction - it moves in a constant speed parallel to the
ground.
b. Vertical Direction - moves fast upward, hangs stationary in the air,
and slowly begins to drop downward with rapidly increasing
velocity.
 The difficulty in the general pattern of the projectile’s motion compounded/
mixed up in the time of Galileo and Newton. While the biggest problem of
Galileo is measuring time accurately.
 The pattern of distance and velocity is flux/ in constant change while yhe
pattern of acceleration is fixed. The explanation of this pattern is: there is
a gravitational force acted upon the ball/ cannonball pulling it downward,
making the force to remain the same at different heights. The second
explanation is; Newton’s Law of motion which is a force acts on a body,
the body experiences on acceleration similar/ proportional to that force.
This law is valid for any system of masses and forces even though that
change over time.
In general, Newton’s Law of Motion is being referred to the whole package
as the three Laws of Motion views them as three aspects of a single
mathematical equation.

 The acceleration of cannonball (10 m/sec ²) doesn’t indicate the shape of

trajectory/ the path described by cannonball. Thus, Newton and Leibniz
invented calculus to provide technique to solve it, which is called
integration (allows us to move from knowledge of acceleration at any
instant to knowledge of velocity at any instant ) which provides us the
knowledge of position at any instant.
Velocity = rate of change of position,
Acceleration = rate of change of velocity
 Calculus - mathematical scheme for finding rates of change, known as
differentiation

a. Integration undoes the effect of differentiation.

b. Laws of physics discovered by Isaac Newton’s insight states that change
in nature can be described by mathematical processes. These laws are
formulated as equations relating to the rates at which those quantities
change over time. A rate of change is the difference between the present
quantity and future value. This equation is called differential equation. And
this equation is applied in strategy of mathematical physics to solve them.
 The word “solve” has undergone a series of major change. Similar to the
discovery of Newton in solving the law of gravitation, he also undergone
changes by working backward from behavior to laws. As he found out that
the Sun causes the force that attracts the planet, this obeys a simple
mathematical law called inverse-square law. In those days, “solved”
meant finding a mathematical formula or their motion.
 But as his successors try to solve the equations for the entire solar
system, they went out of trouble that brought change in the meaning of
the word “solve”.
 Despite intensive effort after Newton, we still do not have the answer to
the three-body problem. Until the two-body problem was found out to be
integrable.
 Thus, there is a change of meaning in the world “solve” as formulas turns
into qualitative answers/ descriptions and approximation. We can prove
that formulas cannot capture the qualitative aspects to the solution. Since
in early days, formula is the only way to answer such problems/
phenomena. Nowadays, it can be obtained through theories that deal with
the main qualitative aspects.

Materials and Resources:

Laptop, Camera, Other Apps/Software

Role/ Function Assignment:

Summary- Piccio, Keith Ryan
LE Progress Report- Galanza, Krystel Monique
Script- Altaras, Kyla
Espinosa, Caile Francess
Dy, Jhanna

III. Timetable

Monday Thursday Saturday

Meeting (Sept. 20, 2021) (Sept. 23, 2021) (Sept. 25, 2021)
Schedule
Objective Objective Objective
accomplished accomplished accomplished