SPM Additional Mathematical Formulae

Algebra Calculus

−b ± b 2 − 4ac dy dv du
1. x = 1. y = uv, =u +v
2a dx dx dx

2. a m × a n = a m + n du dv
v −u
u dy dx dx
2. y = , = 2
3. a m ÷ a n = a m − n v dx v

dy dy du
4. (a m )n = a mn 3. = ×
dx du dx
5. log a mn = log a m + log a n b b
4. Area under a curve = ∫ y dx or ∫ x dy
m a a
6. log a = log a m − log a n
n b b

∫π y ∫π x
2 2
5. Volume generated = dx or dy
n
7. log a m = n log a m a a

log c b Geometry
8. log a b =
log c a
2 2
1. Distance = ( x2 − x1 ) + ( y2 − y1 )
9. Tn = a + (n − 1)d
x +x y +y 
n 2. Midpoint ( x, y ) =  1 2 , 1 2 
10. S n = [ 2a + ( n − 1) d ]  2 2 
2
3. A point dividing a segment of a line
11. Tn = ar n −1  nx + mx2 ny1 + my2 
( x, y ) =  1 , 
 m+n m+n 
a (r n − 1) a (1 − r n )
12. S n = = ,r ≠1
r −1 1− r 4. Area of a triangle =
1
( x1 y2 + x2 y3 + x3 y1 ) − ( x2 y1 + x3 y2 + x1 y3 )
a 2
13. S ∞ = , r <1
1− r
5. r = x 2 + y 2


xi + yj
6. rˆ =



x2 + y 2

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Statistics Trigonometry

1. x =
∑x 1. Length of an arc, s = rθ
N
1 2
2. Area of a sector, A = rθ
2. x =
∑ fx 2

∑f 3. sin 2 A + cos 2 A = 1

3. σ =
∑ ( x − x) 2

=
∑x 2

−x
2
4. sec 2 A = 1 + tan 2 A
N N
5. cosec 2 A = 1 + cot 2 A

4. σ =
∑ f ( x − x) 2

=
∑ fx 2

−x
2 6. sin 2 A = 2sin A cos A
∑f ∑f
7.
cos 2 A = cos 2 A − sin 2 A
1 
 2 N −F  = 2 cos 2 A − 1
5. m = L +  C
 f m  = 1 − 2sin 2 A
 
8. sin ( A ± B ) = sin A cos B ± cos A sin B
6. I =
Q1
× 100 7. I =
∑W I i i

Q0 ∑W i 9. cos ( A ± B ) = cos A cos B ∓ sin A sin B

n! tan A ± tan B
8. n Pr = 10. tan ( A ± B ) =
(n − r )! 1 ∓ tan A tan B

n! 2 tan A
9. nCr = 11. tan 2 A =
(n − r )!r ! 1 − tan 2 A

10. P( A ∪ B) = P ( A) + P ( B ) − P( A ∩ B) a b c
12. = =
sin A sin B sin C
11. P ( X = r ) = nCr p r q n − r , where p + q = 1
13. a 2 = b 2 + c 2 − 2bc cos A
12. Mean/Min, µ = np 1
14. Area of a triangle = ab sin C
2
13. σ = npq

X −µ
14. Z =
σ

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