BPEL-011

Basics of Persian
Indira Gandhi National Open University Language
School of Foreign Languages

Block

1
READING AND WRITING-I
Course Introduction 3

Block Introduction 4

UNIT 1
Personal Introduction 5

UNIT 2
Relations 17

UNIT 3
My House 25

UNIT 4
Our Surrounding 35

UNIT 5
In the School 43

UNIT 6
Things Around you 54
COURSE INTRODUCTION
Dear learners, this is the first block of the course one of Certficate in Persian
Language Programme (CPEL).The course one is based on the Basics of
Persian and is having three blocks.Each block contains 6 Units.To make your
learning process easy and effective the transliteration of each Persian word
and sentence has been given through out the Self Learning Material
(SLM).The basic purpose of this course is to acquaint you with the basic
rudiments of Persian language. Persian alphabets, words and word
combinations, sentences, situation based dialouges etc have been included in
the course to familiarize you with the essential components of Persian
language.The main emphasis of this course is on reading and writing.To
understand the basic nuances of Persian grammar several activities and
exercises have been designed. Continous learning with the help of this Self
Learning Material will equip you to read and write the basic Persian by the
end of this course
BLOCK INTRODUCTION
This is the first Block of the first course of the Certficate in Persian Language
Programme.This Block Contains following six units:

Unit 1: Personal Introduction: The prime objective of this unit is to make

you conversant with few common Persian words, specially the use of Yes and
No in Persian and the Persian Alphabets alif, be, pe etc.

Unit 2: Relations: The main objective of this unit is to enable the learners to
memorize some very common and frequently used Persian words and
expressions. The unit is supported b several exercises to enhance your
learning.

Unit 3: My House: The objective of this unit is to make you familiar with
some very common and important Persian words and sentences. The main
focus in this unit would be on the use of “from, before, to and after “etc. in
Persian

Unit 4: Our surrounding: The main objective of this is to enable you to learn
some common and frequently used Persian words related to our surrounding.

Unit 5: In the School: The main objective of this unit is to enable you to
learn some common and frequently used Persian words related to school and
its premises.

Unit 6: Things around You: The main objective of this unit is to enable you
to learn some common and frequently used Persian words related to our
surrounding and help you improve your ability to write and speak Persian.
The unit is supported by many exercises to consolidate your learning.
I Personal Introduction

UNIT 1 PERSONAL INTRODUCTION !"#$

%&' (Mo’arrefi Shakhsi)

Structure

1.0 Objectives
1.1 Introduction
1.2 New Words
1.3 Persian Pronouns
1.4 Use of Yes and No
1.5 Exercise-1
1.6 Exercise-2
1.7 Exercise-3
1.8 Exercise-4
1.9 Exercise-5
1.10 Exercise-6
1.11 Exercise-7
1.12 Exercise-8
1.13 Exercise-9
1.14 Exercise-10
1.15 Table-1
1.16 Table-2
1.17 Exercise-11
1.18 Exercise-12
1.19 Exercise-13
1.20 Exercise-14

1.0 OBJECTIVES
The prime objective of this unit is to make you conversant with some common
Persian words, Persian Personal Pronouns, the use of Yes and No in Persian
language and the Persian Alphabets alif, be, pe etc.This unit contains many
exercises to make your learning process easy, simple and understanding.

1.1 INTRODUCTION
Persian is written from right to left. It has 32 alphabets compared to 44 in
Hindi, 26 in English and 29 alphabets in Arabic. There is no concept of small
and capital letters in Persian language, but they assume various shapes and
forms according to their positions: isolated, initial and final. In the following
table you will be able to learn these things.
5
Reading and Writing-I
How to pronounce Equivalent in English Persian alphabet

Alif !"#$ a $
Be%&
! b &
Pe%'
! p '
Te%(
! t (
Se%)
! s / th )
Jim%*+, j -
Che%. ch .
!
He%/ h /
!
Khe%0 kh 0
!
Dal%1$2 d 2
Zal%1$3 z 3
Re%4 r 4
!
Ze%5 z 5
!
Zhe%6 zh 6
!
Sin%7+8 s 9
Shin%7+: sh ;
Saad%2<= s >
Zaad%2<? z @
Ta%<A % t B
Za%<C z C
Ayn%7+#DE ’/a F
Ghyn%7+#DG gh H
Fe%I
! f I
Qaaf%I<J q K
Kaaf%I<L k M
Gaaf%I<N gh / q O
6
I Personal Introduction
Laam%PQ l 1
Mim %*+R m P
Nun%STU n S
Waaw%V$V v/w V
He W!% h X
Ye%Y y Y
!

1.2 NEW WORDS

Meanings Persian Words

Bus 9TZTA$ (atubus)
Hospital $ %&' !"# (bimaarestaan)
Fan ()*+, (panke)
Sour -./01 (torsh)
Wealth 23.
+ +04 (sarwat)
Population 5"6!7 (jameiyat)
Suitcase $89!: ; (chamedaan)
Accountant '8?< => (hesaabdaar)
House (@ A (khaane)
School $ %=:#?+ (dabestaan)
Sweetcorn 2'B C/ (zorrat)
Driver D9*@8' (raanande)
Women $E+ (zan)
Japan F/0,8G (japun)
Solider E #.& (sarbaaz)
Oral HI JK(shafaahi)
Breakfast (@ LMN (subhaane)
7
Reading and Writing-I
Harm '.O
+ (zarar)
Supporter, Fan '89P.Q (tarafdaar)
Noon .R/0S (zhohr)
Bride T3.+0U (arus)
Rich H*+0V (ghani)
Airport D W?3.P (Forudgaah)
Train ' Z+YX (qataar)
Book < %:X0[ (ketaab))
Report -'8\/0W (gozaaresh)
Please ]XJZ^ (lotfan)
Engineer T9*R_ (mohandes)
Watchman $ MR`:@ (negaahbaan)
Entry ?3'3 (worood)
Airplane !",8aI (hawapaima)
Same $ =)b (yaksaan)
Doctor .%[? (doktor)
Student acd@8? (daaneshju)
Teacher ef6_ (moallem)
Railway Station FIgD8'XD: `%=b8
(istgahe raah-aahan)
Manager .b9_ (modir)
Market '8E # (baazaar)
Car F"K _ (maashin)
Computer ((@ b8')X.1a"h_ [
(kamputer, raayaane)
Man ?.+0_ (mard)
Police i"f, (polis)
8
I Personal Introduction
1.3 PERSIAN PRONOUNS

English Pronunciation Persian

I man F_+
WE maa _
HE / SHE Ou 38
THEY aanha / eeshan $ db8 /X R@g
YOU to a1
YOU (plural) Shomaa (for respect) !K

1.4 PRACTICE OF BALE ( !") YES AND

NAKHAIR / NO (#$%&)
The two words “Yes” and “No” are very important in all the languages
without any exception. You will notice that in most of the cases either we
agree and say “Yes” or we disagree and say “No”. So (f# means YES and
."j@ means NO. In the following exercise try to practice the use of ((f# )
and with correct pronunciation. The first two sentences are done for you.

Question Answer

Do you have a car? Bale (f#

Are you a teacher? NakhairX."j@

Is your brother a doctor?

Do you have a computer?

Was Akber an emperor?

Is Agra the capital of India?

Is Taj Mahal in Delhi?

Do you like Persian?

1.5 EXERCISE-1
Match the words with correct meanings.
9
Reading and Writing-I
Persain English

Shomaa !K Chair

Ou 38 I

Aanhaa R@g We

Maa _ Bag

Man F_ You

Kif k"[ They

Sandali H^9*N He / she

1.6 EXERCISE-2
Read the following sentences carefully. (Practice of I am …………………..)

Persian Transliteration English

.e%=IXef6_XF_ Man moallem hastam I am a teacher.

.e%=IXacd@8?XF_ Man daneshju hastam I am a student.

.e%=IX?._XF_ Man mard hastam I am a man.

.e%=IXD9*@8'XF_ Man raanandeh I am a driver.

hastam

.e%=IX$EXF_ Man zaan hastam I am a woman.

.e%=IX.=,XF_ Man pesar hastam I am a boy.

.e%=IX.%A?XF_ Man dokhtar hastam I am a girl.

.e%=IXl"[3XF_ Man wakil hastam I am a lawyer.

.e%=IX'89!%& "&XF_ Man saysatmadaar I am a politician.

hastam

1.7 EXERCISE-3

Read the following sentences carefully. (Practice of you are …………..)

10
I Personal Introduction
Persian Transliteration English

.9"%=IXT9*R_X !K Shomaa mohandes You are an

hasted engineer.

.9"%=IXacd@8?X !K Shomaa daaneshju You are a student.

hastid

.9"%=IX?._X !K Shomaa mardhastid You are a man.

.9"%=IX$EX !K Shomaa zan hastid You are a woman.

.9"%=IX(m#X !K Shomaa bache hastid You are a kid.

.9"%=IX'9,X !K Shomaa pedar hastid You are a father.

.9"%=IX'? _X !K Shomaa maadaer You are a mother.

hastid

.9"%=IXef6_X !K Shomaa muallem You are a teacher.

hastid

.9"%=IX'8?< =>X !K Shomaa Hesaab daar You are an

hastid accountant.

.9"%=IXl"[3X !K Shomaa wakeel hastid You are a lawyer.

1.8 EXERCISE-4

Read the following sentences carefully. (Practice of He / She is …………..)

Persian Transliteration English

.5&8X.%[?X38 Ou duktor ast She / He is a doctor.

.5&8Xacd@8?X38 Ou daaneshju ast She / He is a student.

.5&8Xef6_X38 Ou moallem ast She / He is a teacher.

.5&8X.%A?X38 Ou dokhtar ast She / He is a girl.

.5&8XD9*@8'X38 Ou raanande ast She / He is a driver.

.5&8XT9*R_X38 Ou mohandes ast She / He is an engineer.

.5&8Xl"[3X38 Ou wakil ast She / He is a lawyer

.5&8X'89# =>X38 Ou hesabdaar ast She / He is an

accountant.

.5&8X$EX38 Ou zan ast She / He is a woman.

.5&8Xn Y'X38 Ou raqqas ast She / He is a dancer.

.5&8XD9*@8aAX38 Ou khaanande ast She / He is a singer.

11
Reading and Writing-I
1.9 EXERCISE-5
Read the following sentences carefully. (Practice of we are …………..)

Persian Transliteration English

.e"%=IXacd@8?X _ Maa daaneshju hastim. We are student.

e"%=IX9*_.*IX _ Maa honarmand We are artist.

hastim.

e"%=IX$8?Ho"&a_X _ Maa mosiqidaan We are musician.

hastim.

XH*PXT *K' [X _ Maa karshenaas-e We are technician.

fanni hastim.
e"%=I
e"%=IX'89!%& "&X _ Maa seyasatmadar We are politician.
hastim.

e"%=IXT9*R_X _ Maa mohandes hastim. We are engineer.

e"%=IX.`bE #X _ Maa baazigar hastim. We are actor.

1.10 EXERCISE-6
Read the following sentences carefully. (Practice of They are………………)

Persian Transliteration English

.9*%=IX?.W$ R7X R@g Aanhaa jahangard They are tourists.

hastand.

.9*%=IX.b9_X R@g Aanhaa modir They are managers.

hastand.

.9*%=IXD9*=ba@X R@g Aanhaa They are authors.

newisandeh
hastand.

.9*%=IX.U KX R@g Aanhaa shayer They are poets.

hastand.

.9*%=IX' `@(_ @XE3'X R@g Aanhaa They are

ruznamenegaar journalists.
hastand.

.9*%=IXe7.%_X R@g Aanhaa motarajem They are

hastand. translators.

.9*%=IXHI h& /XE #.&X$X R@g Aanhaa sarbaaz / They are soldiers.
sepahi hastand.

.9*%=IX.bE3X R@g Aanha wazir They are ministers.

hastand.

.9*%=IXD9*@8'X R@g Aanhaa raanande They are drivers.

hastand.
12
I Personal Introduction
1.11 EXERCISE-7
Match the following sentences:

Transliteration Persian English

Man moallem e%=IXef6_XF_ I am a driver.
hastam.
Man daaneshju e%=IXacd@8?XF_ I am a woman.
hastam.
Man mard hastam. e%=IX?._XF_ I am a student

Man raanande e%=IXD9*@8'XF_ I am a teacher.

hastam
Man zan hastam. e%=IX$EXF_ I am a man.

1.12 EXERCISE-8
Match the following sentences:

Transliteration Persian English

Shomaa hesabdar 9"%=I '89# =>X !K You are a
hastid. teacher.
Shomaa maadar 9"%=IX'? _X !K You are a
hastid. lawyer.
Somaa moallem 9"%=IXef6_X !K You are a
hastid. father.
Shomaa pedar hastid. 9"%=IX'9,X !K You are a
mother.
Shom wakil hastid. 9"%=IXl"[3X !K You are an
accountant.

1.13 EXERCISE-9
Match the following sentences:

Transliteration Persian English

Ou wakil ast. X5&8Xl"[3X38 She / He is a
singer.
Ou hesabdaar ast. 5&8X'89# =>X38 She / He is a
dancer.
Ou zan ast. 5&8X$EX38 She / He is a
woman.
13
Reading and Writing-I
Ou raqqas ast .5&8Xn Y'X38 She / He is an
accountant.
Ou khanande ast. 5&8XD9*@8aAX38 She / He is a
lawyer.

1.14 EXERCISE-10
Match the following sentences:

Transliteration Persian English

Maa daaneshju e"%=IXacd@8?X _ We are politicians.
hastim.
Maa hunarmand e"%=IX9*_.*IX _ We are technicians.
hastim.
Maa mosiqidaan e"%=IX$89"o"&a_X _ We are musicians.
hastim.
Maa karshenas-e e"%=IXE'3 d[X _ We are artists.
fanni hastim.
Maa siyasatmadar e"%=IX'89!%& "&X _ We are students.
hastim.

1.15 TABLE-1
This table contains ten alphabets, their pronunciation and English equivalent.
You are required to learn them by heart.

Persian Alphabets How to pronounce Equivalent in English

8 Alif A

< Be B

2 Te T

p Khe Kh

q Jim J

? Dal D

E Zal Z

' Re R

r Kaf K

- shin Sh

14
I Personal Introduction
1.16 TABLE-2
Out of 32 Persian alphabets / letters few of them are given in the table for
your practice. The table shows the different forms and shapes of the alphabets
as per their positions like isolated, initial, medial and final one. Practice it
carefully.

Examples Final Medial Initial Isolated

sdK ...- ...-... -... -

tc7 ...q ...q... q... q
??? ...? ...?... ?... ?
u)[ ...r ...r... r... r
1.17 EXERCISE-11
Practice the writing of - in its isolated form and while writing the same say
“Sheen”

-
-
-
1.18 EXERCISE-12
Practice the writing of r in its isolated form and while writing the same say
“Kaaf”

r
r
r
1.19 EXERCISE-13
Practice the writing ofv in its isolated form and while writing the same say
“Laam”

v
v
v

15
Reading and Writing-I
1.20 EXERCISE-14
Practice the writing of ' in its initial, medial and final forms. While writing
the same say “re”

'''
.#.#.#X
.1.1.1
.&.&.&

16
I Relations
UNIT 2 RELATIONS !"#$ (Rawaabet)
Structure

2.0 Objectives
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Revision
2.3 New words
2.4 Exercise-1
2.5 Exercise-2
2.6 Exercise-3
2.7 Exercise-4
2.8 Exercise-5
2.9 Writing skills
2.10 Table-1
2.11 Exercise-1
2.12 Exercise-2
2.13 Exercise-3
2.14 Exercise-4

2.0 OBJECTIVES

The prime objective of this unit is to enable the learners about some very
common and frequently used Persian / Farsi words and expressions about the
relations. The unit is supported by a couple of exercises to enhance your
learning.

2.1 INTRODUCTION
In this unit you will learn more than ten new Persian words and their usages.
These are very common and frequently used Persian / Farsi words in term of
relations. The unit contains some exercises to enhance and consolidate your
learning and make you completely familiar with these words. The attempt has
been made to ensure the practice of writing as well by giving exercises. Let
us start with a quick and sharp revision of some Persian words that you have
learnt in the previous unit.

2.2 REVISION
Match the following words:

English Pronunciation Persian

Train Hesaabdaar $")%&'(
17
Reading and Writing-I
school Khaane *+&,
Accountant Qataar $&-.
Airport Forudgaah /&0)#12
House Dabestaan 34&5'!)

2.3 NEW WORDS

English Pronunciation Persian

Brother Baraadar $)"1!
Sister Khaahar 16"7,
Father Pedar $89
Mother Maadar $)&:
Daughter Dokhtar 15,)
Son Pesar 1'9
Grand father Pedar Bozorg ;$<!4$89
Grand mother Maadar Bozorg ;$<!$)&:
Father in law Pedar-Shohar 167=$89
Mother in law Madar-Shohar 167=$)&:
Uncle Amu 7>?
Aunty Amme *>?
Son in law Daamaad )&:")
Daughter in law Aroos @#1?

2.4 EXERCISE-1
This exercise is designed to teach you the STRUCTUREs like “my brother”
and “your brother” etc.

English Pronunciation Persian

My brother Baraadar-e man A:4$B )"1!
My father Pedar-e man A:4$B 89
18
I Relations
My sister Khaahar-e man A:41B 6"7,
My daughter-in-law Aroos-e man A:4@
B #1?
Your father Pedar-e Shomaa &>=4$B 89
Your mother Madar-e Shomaa &>=4$B )&:
Your daughter Dokhtar-e Shomaa &>=41B 5,)

2.5 EXERCISE-2
In this exercise you will learn the usages of the expressions like “his” , “her”,
“their” etc

English Pronunciation Persian

His brother Baraadar-e ou #" $)"1!
Her son Pesar-e ou #"41B '9
Their daughter Dokhtar-e aanha &C+D41B 5,)
His father Pedar-e ou #"4$B 89
His mother Madar-e ou #"4$B )&:
Their son-in-laws Daamaad-e aanha &C+D4)B &:")
His uncle Amuo-ye-ou #"4E7>?
Her aunty Amme-ye-ou #"4F>?

2.6 EXERCISE-3
In the above exercise, you have learnt the formation of different sentences
and expressions. Now on the same pattern make more sentences / expressions
using the words given below in the table.

English Pronunciation Persian

School Madarse *G$8:
Pen Qalam HI.
Car Atomobil JKL:7M"
Bag Kif / kise OKN /4*'KN
Book Ketaab %&5N
19
Reading and Writing-I
Shoes Kafsh PQN
Socks Juraab %"$7R
Hat / cap Kolah /SN
Room Otaaq T&M"

2.7 EXERCISE-4
Read the following sentences carefully. (Practice of “who is this”) and how
to answer it.

English Pronunciation Persian

Question Who is she? ou kist? UV'KN4#"

Answer This is my ou Khaahar-e man 4A:41B 6"7,4#"

sister. ast.
.VG"

English Pronunciation Persian

Question Who is he? ou kist? UV'KN4#"

Answer This is my father. ou Pedar-e man ast. .VG"4A:4$B 894#"

English Pronunciation Persian

Question Who is she? ou kist? UV'KN4#"

Answer This is my mother. ou Madar-e man 4A:4$B )&:4#"
ast.
.VG"

2.8 EXERCISE-5
Read the following sentences carefully. (Practice of “who is that”) and how
to answer it.

English Pronunciation Persian

Question Who is she? ou kist? UV'KN4#"

Answer That is my ou Dokhtar-e man 4A:41B 5,)4#"

daughter. ast.
.VG"
20
I Relations
English Pronunciation Persian

Question Who is she? ou kist? UV'KN4#"

Answer That is my sister. ou Khaahar-e man 4A:41B 6"7,4#"

ast.
.VG"

English Pronunciation Persian

Question Who is he? ou kist? UV'KN4#"

Answer That is my ou Ammu-e man ast. 4A:4E7>?4#"

uncle.
.VG"

English Pronunciation Persian

Question Who is he? ou kist? UV'KN4#"

Answer That is my son-in- ou Daamaad-e man ast. 4A: )4B &:")4#"

law.
.VG"

2.9 WRITING SKILLS

The following tables and exercises are designed to help you in order to
improve your Persian writing skills.Pronunciations play a vital role in
alphabets learning, therefore it is strongly recommended to be in touch with
your counselor.

2.10 TABLE-1
This table contains all Persian alphabets with their pronunciations and
English equivalents, with examples:

How to Equivalent Persian examples

pronounce in English alphabet
Alif a D-" 3&>GD -WD –41!"
Be b % )&! -3"$&! -$)"1!
Pe p X $89 -/8+19 –4Y"#19
Te t Z %&M -&=&>M -Z7M
Se s / th [ 1>\ -*K+&\ -%"7\
Jim j ] /<^&R -%"$7R -%"7R 21
Reading and Writing-I
Che ch _ %7` -$&a` -15`
He h b cS( -"7I( -VN1(
Khe kh d $&N)7, -W701, -%"7,
Dal d ) VG#) -)$) -VG)
Zal z e %#e -Z"e -/$e
Re r $ <^$ -VG"$ -/"$
Ze z Y 3Y -AK:Y -3&:Y
Zhe zh f /h^# -/f#19 -*g"f
Sin s @ <LG -)7G -)1G
Shin sh W $7= -j= -i>=
Saad s k "8l -1Ll -37!&l
Zaad z m pn"$ -oL+ -$1n
Ta t q JLq -<aq -jq
Za z r 1Cr -16&r -1s+
Ayn ’/a t 8?$ -1>? -)8?
Ghyn gh u $&Lw - Iw -vSw
fe f x )12 -")12 -pG$&2
Qaaf q T H. -HI. -*y.
Kaaf k z $&N -%&5N -%&LN
Gaaf gh / q ; J0 -;1! -;10
Laam l c c{ -@&Lg -jg
Mim m v 1^8: -<K: -)1:
Nun n 3 $7+ -v&+ -|>+
Waw v/w # )#$# -4/f"# -V.#
He h / /"$ -*G8a6 -8a6
Ye y E /)Y&^ -1KM -|^
2.11 EXERCISE-1
Write all Persian alphabets atleast eight times that you have learnt in the
previous units.

"
%
22
I Relations
Z

2.12 EXERCISE-2
Transliterate the letters into English. First line is done for you.

&R &N &0 jG

4} %$} ~G B ! &M &! %"
jaa kaa gaa sab rb sech bej taa baa Aab
23
Reading and Writing-I

1}= 1}6 $YB 1}€: 1}€M j}= V:} &: J6B JR

"$ ARB A:} A}M H}M H}6 8= J`} &R &,

j}^ AG
B 8}? 1w} 1n
} &= &l A:} )e} e})

‚}= &€! ‚}^ A:B J6B 1}€+ $e H}+ ƒ(} 1`}

2.13 EXERCISE-3
Write the following alphabets in Persian.

Alif Be Pe Te Se Jim Che He Khe Kaf

2.14 EXERCISE-4
Out of 32 Persian alphabets / letters few of them are given in the table for
your practice. The table shows the different forms and shapes of the alphabets
as per their positions like isolated, initial, medial and final one. Practice it
carefully.

Examples Final Medial Initial Isolated

P„= ...W ...W... W... W

…R ...] ...]... ]... ]
))) ...) ...)... )... )
|†N ...z ...z... z... z

24
 My House
UNIT 3 MY HOUSE !"#$%& (Khaan-eye
man)
Structure

3.0 Objectives
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Revision
3.3 New words
3.4 Exercise-1
3.5 Exercise-2
3.6 Exercise-3
3.7 Exercise-4
3.8 Exercise-5
3.9 Exercise-6
3.10 Writing skills
3.11 Table-1
3.12 Exercise-1
3.13 Exercise-2
3.14 Exercise-3
3.15 Exercise-4

3.0 OBJECTIVES
The objective of this unit is to make you familiar with some very common
and important Persian words and sentences. The main focus in this unit
would be on the use of “from, before, to and after “etc. in Persian

3.1 INTRODUCTION
In this unit you will learn fifteen new Persian words and their usages. The
unit also contains exercises on these words and simple sentences. Here again,
like previous units, you will continue to practice some other Persian
alphabets / letters to enhance your Persian writing skill.

3.2 REVISION
Let us start with a quick revision of some Persian words that you have learnt
in the previous unit.

25
Reading and Writing-I Read the following Persian words loudly.

English Pronunciation Persian

Brother Baraadar '()*+
Sister Khaahar *,)-&
Father Pedar './
Mother Maadar '(%!
Daughter Dokhtar *0&(
Son Pesar *1/

3.3 NEW WORDS

In this unit you will learn 15 new Persian words.

English Pronunciation Persian

To Be 2+
From Az 3)
After Bad az / pas az 3)"5/ /"3)".4+
Before Pish az / qabl az 3)"89: /"3)"67/
On Bar / ruye ;<' / *+
In Dar '(
Above Baalaa =%+"
Under Zir *>3
Behind Aqab ?@A
In front of Dar muqabel / <*+<' / 8+%@!"'(
ruberu
Top Baalaa =%+
Bottom Paayeen 7>%/
Distance Faasele 2BC%D
Time Saa’at EA%F
With Baa %+
26
 My House
3.4 EXERCISE-1
Match the following words with their correct meaning.

ENGLISH PERSIAN
Above 7>%/
Under 2BC%D
Behind EA%F
Bottom %+
Distance =%+"
Time *>3
With ?@A

3.5 EXERCISE-2
In the following exercise you will learn the use of %+ “baa”

English Pronunciation Persian

With me Baa man !"%+"
With you Baa Shomaa %GH"%+
With her Baa ou <)"%+
With him Baa ou <)"%+
With sister Baa Khaahar *,)-&"%+
With mother Baa Maadar '(%!"%+
With brother Baa bradar '()*+"%+
With friend Baa doust EF<("%+

3.6 EXERCISE-3
In the following exercise you will learn the use of '( “dar”

English Pronunciation Persian

In the house Dar khaane 2$%&"'(
In the room Dar otaaq I%J)"'( 27
Reading and Writing-I
In the school Dar madarse 2F'.!"'(
In the company Dar sherkat EK*H"'(

3.7 EXERCISE-4
In the following exercise you will learn the use of 3), and *+ “ az, and bar”

English Pronunciation Persian

From the house Az khaane 2$%&"3)
From the school Az madarse 2F'.!"3)
From the room Az otaaq I%J)"3)
On the chair Bar sandal / ruye sandli ".NC";<' /"LM.NC"*+
LM"
On the book Bar Ketaab / ruye O%0K";<' /"O%0K"*+
Ketaab
On the table Bar meez / ruye miz P7!";<' /"P7!"*+
On the roof Bar saqaf / ruye saqf Q@F";<' /"Q@F"*+

3.8 EXERCISE-5
In the following exercise you will learn the use of 3)".4+ / 3)"5/ and 3)"89:
3)"67/ / “pas az or baad az” and “qabl az or pish az”

English Pronunciation Persian

After the school Pas / baad az madarse 2F'.!"3)".4+ /"5/

Before the school Qabl / pish az madarse 2F'.!"3)"67/ /"89:
After the office Pas / baad az edaare R')()"3)".4+ /"5/
Before the office Qabl / pish az edaare R')()"3)"67/ /"89:
After the lunch Pas / baad az naahaar '%,%$"3)".4+ /"5/
Before the lunch Qabl / pish az naahaar '%,%$"3)"67/ /"89:
After the evening Pas / baad az shaam S%H3)".4+ /"5/
Before the evening Qabl / pish az shaam S%H"3)"67/ /"89:
28
 My House
3.9 EXERCISE-6
Translate the following sentences / expression into Persian, and while
translating pronounce them loudly. Some sentences are done for you. These
types of sentences / expressions will help you learn Persian quickly. So
practice them meticulously.

English Persian

After the evening S%H3)".4+ /"5/

From the school 2F'.!"3)
After the school

On the chair

On the book

With me

With you

In front of my house

Above the table

Below the chair

Under the roof

With your sister

Before the lunch

3.10 WRITING SKILLS

The following tables and exercises are designed to help you improveand
enhance your Persian writing skills.

3.11 TABLE-1
The present table contains all Persian alphabets / letters, their pronunciations
and English equivalent.

How to pronounce Equivalent in English Persian alphabet

Alif a )
Be b O
Pe p T
Te t U 29
Reading and Writing-I
Se s / th V
Jim j W
Che ch X
He h Y
Khe kh Z
Dal d (
Zal z [
Re r '
Ze z 3
Zhe zh \
Sin s ]
Shin sh ^
Saad s _
Zaad z `
Ta t J
Za z a
Ayn ’/a b
Ghyn gh c
Qaaf q I
Kaaf k d
Gaaf gh / q e
Laam L f
Mim m S
Noun n g
Waaw v/w <
He h R
Ye y ;
30
 My House
3.12 EXERCISE-1
Write at least five times, all Persian alphabets that you have learnt in the
previous units.

)
O
U

31
Reading and Writing-I

3.13 EXERCISE-2
Transliterate the following letters into English. First line is done for you.

%h %K %i ?F
j O'k lF
j mn + %o %+ Oj)

ja ka ga sab rob sach bej ta ba Ab

*H *, '3 *! *o ?H E! %! 8,n 8hj

?> F .A *p *q %H %C ! ([ [(

<( <' -+ 5+ 6+ ]%+ r+ s> > t>

.o %H %0H = f= %o f%o %! f%! u%!

)' )( 3)( ')( %K '%K 8M( f)( ! o

f%h 8/ ]%/ %& '%& %: %D %J %a tBa

^

?M) 89> f%o @v w, ^%& ]%& O%& xy xz

u

.{ [' |a J[ EM .C .q ., %q '%o

32
I am sure that by now you can read and write the Persian alphabets / letters My House
very well.

3.14 EXERCISE-3
Make short Persian expressions from the following words. One example has
been given to help you for doing the same.

English Persian

With sister *,)-&"%+

With my friend

With your friend

With your father

My mother

His father

Their daughter

On the table

Below the chair

On the book

Under r the book

Before the lunch

After the school

My grand father

3.15 EXERCISE-4
Match the following expressions correctly.

Pronunciation Persian
Pas / ba’d az madarse R')()"3)".4+ /"5/
Qabl / pish az madarse '%,%$"3)".4+ /"5/
Pas / ba’d az edaare S%H3)".4+ /"5/
Qabl / pish az edaare R')()"3)"67/ /"89:
Pas / ba’d az naahaar 2F'.!"3)"67/ /"89:
Qabl / pish az naahaar '%,%$"3)"67/ /"89: 33
Reading and Writing-I
Pas / ba’d az shaam 2F'.!"3)".4+ /"5/
Baa maadar 2$%&"3)
Baa baraadar 2F'.!"3)
Baa doust I%J)"3)
Az khaane LM.NC";<' /"*+
Az madrase '()*+"%+
Az otaaq EF<("%+
Bar / ruye sandali '(%!"%+

34
I Our Surrounding
UNIT 4 OUR SURROUNDING &' "#$%#
!
(Atraaf-e maa)
Structure

4.0 Objectives
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Revision
4.3 New words
4.4 Exercise-1
4.5 Exercise-2
4.6 Exercise-3
4.7 Exercise-4
4.8 Exercise-5
4.9 Exercise-6
4.10 Exercise-7
4.11 Exercise-8
4.12 Exercise-9
4.13 Writing skills
4.14 Exercise

4.0 OBJECTIVES
The main objective of this is to enable you to learn some common and
frequently used Persian words for our surrounding. The unit is supported by
many exercises to build up your learning.

4.1 INTRODUCTION
In this unit you will learn ten new Persian words and their uses. These are
very common and frequently used words. The unit contains some exercises to
enhance and consolidate your learning process and make you completely
familiar with these common Persian words. The attempt has been made to
ensure the practice of writing by giving exercises on Persian alphabets. Let us
start with a quick revision of some Persian words you have learnt in the
previous unit.

4.2 REVISION
Read the following Persian words loudly:

!"#$#%& '()*+(*,-(#(.#/! 0!-&$"#*1(-2&

Behind* Aghab* !"*
35
Reading and Writing-I
In front of jelo’ye #$%&*
Far dour '()*
Near nazdik *+),-*
Opposite moghaabil ./0!1*
Here injaaa 023+4
There aanjaaa 02-5
North Shomaal 6078
South jonoub 9$3&
East shargh :;8
West gharb 9;<

4.3 NEW WORDS

In this unit you will learn 10 new Persian words about our surrounding:

!"#$#%& '()*+(*,-(#(.#/! 0!-&$"#*)(-2&

Tree derakht =>')
Garden baagh ?0/
Road / street khiyaabaan @0/0A>
Lane kouche BC$D
Traffic lights cherag-e qermez ,1;E ?4;C
Village rousta / deh H) / 0FG('
Shop Maghaaze HI0J1
Bus stop istgah -e otobous O$/$P4 HMN 0KFL+4
Train qataar '0QE
Railway station istgaah -e qataar '0QE HMN 0KFL+4
Sun aaftaab 90FR5
Moon maah H01
Sky aasemaan @07G5
Note: ! "#$%!&'(!&)*"+!& !,'$",!-&."#-/0&1(!2&.$33&!,)*3!&2"4&'"&-!5$,!&
2"4#&/4##"4,-$,6/0&

&

&
36
I Our Surrounding
4.4 EXERCISE-1
Match the words with correct meanings:

Persian English Persian English

Deh Shop derakht Garden
Maghaaze Railway station kuche Road / street
Istgah -e utubus Train baagh Lane
Qataar Bus stop khyaabaan Tree
Qataar Village cheragh-qirmiz Traffic lights

4.5 EXERCISE-2
1($/& !7!#8$/!&$/& -!/$6,!-& '"& '!)8(& 2"4& +!#2& $ 9"#'),'& ."#-/& /48(& )/& : 2;<&
:2"4#;<& ),-& :($/& =& (!#;& !'80& /48(& ."#-/& )#!& +!#2& "5'!,& 4/!-& $,& "4#& -)$32&
8",+!#/)'$",/& ),-& .$'("4'& )/'!#$,6& '(! <& 2"4& 8),,"'& 3!)#,& >!#/$),&
9#"9!#320&?"&9)2&/9!8$)3&)''!,'$",&),-&9#)8'$8!&'(! &)/& 48(&)/&9"//$*3!0&?"&
5)#<&2"4&()+!&3!)#,'&",32&@A&."#-/&"5&>!#/$),0&?!!&(".& ),2&/!,'!,8!/&2"4&
8),& 5"# & "4'& "5& '(! 0& 1(!& "#!& 2"4& 9#)8'$8!& '(!& "#!& 2"4& .$33& 6!'& '(!&
*!,!5$'0B&

In Persian, a possessive relationship between two nouns can be shown in

either of two ways:

A. the vowel ‘e’ known as !3"4! (genetive) or 3$-, conveys a meaning of

possession and ownership. In a sentence the possessor appears
before what is possessed, and the two are linked by the vowel ‘e’.
The linking vowel ‘e’ takes the form ‘ye’ when the noun it follows
ends in a vowel.
‘e’

My town shah’r -e man T1 ;MN S8

Your town shah’r -e to / Shomaa 078 ;MN S8
His / her town shah’r -e ou (4 ;MN S8
‘ye’ #
My house Khaane ye man T1MU-0>
Your house Khaane ye to / Shomaa 078 V-0> / $P U-0>
His / her house Khaane ye ou (4 U-0>

37
Reading and Writing-I B. Alternatively, a possessive suffix can be attached to the end of the
noun that is possessed.

My book ketaab-am WN/0FD

Your book ketaab-at =/0FD
His / her ketaab-ash X/0FD

4.6 EXERCISE-3
Match the following list in continuation of above examples to make you
understand and remember pronouns:

I / My Shomaa 078
we aanha / eishan @0Y+4 0S-5
You ou / wey #( (4
You (pl.) ma 01
He / she to / Shomaa 078 $P
They man T1
Note: In Persian the expression like Shomaa, …….. ishan …….. are also
used for respect to elders and in formal address.

4.7 EXERCISE-4
The following is list of suffixes as described in 4.5 B.
My -am Z4 Our -eman M@01
N
Your -at [4 Your(pl.) -etan @0P
His / her -ash \4 Their -eshan @08

4.8 EXERCISE-5
In Persian, C) !!# (pronouns) are of two types:

A. D"''E)/$3 (attached), which is attached with the noun like ) FZ ] ^MB<&)'FMM]^

[B and )/(F\ ] ^MB, for example:
My am ZM]^ baagham (my garden) M] 0/
W<
Your at [M]^ baaghat (your garden) M] 0/
=<
His / her ash \M]^ baaghash (his / her garden) X< M] 0/
You might have noticed as explained in 4.5 that nouns ending with
consonant, is directly attached as shown in the above examples.
38
I B. Mon’fasil (detached) which is detached with the noun like man, to, ou Our Surrounding
for example:

My -am Maghaaze-ye man (my shop) T1M_I0J1

Your -at Maghaaze-ye to (your shop) $PM_I0J1
His / her -ash Maghaaze-ye ou (his / her shop) (4M_I0J1

4.9 EXERCIS-6
These exercises are designed to make you more acquainted with the %) !!#&G
!&& "'')/$30&

& 56#%7$&89& 50!-&$"#9&

Derakhtam& my tree& WF>') = T1M=

N >')&
derakhtat& your tree& =F>') = $PM=
N >')&
derakhtash his / her tree XF>') = (4M=
N >')
Baagham my garden W<0/ = T1M?0/
N
baaghat your garden =<0/ = $PM?0/
N
baaghash his / her garden X<0/ = (4M?0/
N
Khyaabaanam my street W-0/0A> =T1M@0/0A>
N
khayabant your street =-0/0A> =$PM@0/0A>
khayabanash his / her street X-0/0A> =(4M@0/0A>
N
Cheragham my light W<4;C =T1M?4;C
N
cheraghat your light =<4;C =$PM?4;C
N
cheraghash his / her light X<4;C =(4M?4;C
N
Utubusam my bus WG$/$P4 =T1MO
N $/$P4
utubushat your bus =G$/$P4 =$PMO
N $/$P4
utubusash his / her bus XG$/$P4 =(4MO$/$P4
Qataaram my train Z'0QE =T1M'N 0QE
qataarat your train ['0QE =$PM'N 0QE
qataarash his / her train \'0QE =(4M'N 0QE 39
Reading and Writing-I
4.10 EXERCISE-7
The following exercises are designed to make you more acquainted with the
%) !!#&H! "'')/!3&"#2&& ",5)/$3&

50!-&$"#9 56#%7$&89
Kuche-am my lane Z4BC$D =T1MUC$D
kuche-at your lane [4BC$D =$PMUC$D M
kuche-ash his / her lane \4BC$D =(4MUC$D
Deh-am my villege Z4H) = T1MHN )
deh-at your village [4H) = $PMHN )
deh-ash his / her village \4H) =(4MHN )
Maghaaze-am my shop Z4HI0J1 = T1M_I0J1
Maghaaze-at your village [4HI0J1 =$PM_I0J1
Maghaaze-ash his / her village \4HI0J1 =(4M_I0J1

4.11 EXERCISE-8
Below is given the list of pronouns, though in Persian, verbs show the person
and number of their subject in suffix attached to the verb.

Singular Plural
50!-&$"#9 * 56#%7$&89* 50!-&$"#9 56#%7$&89
Man* T1* I ma* 01* we

to $P You Shomaa 078 You

(informal)
Shomaa 078M You - - -
(polite)
Ou (4 He / she / it Aanha / 0`@5 They
(animate) ishan
@0Y+4
aan @5 (inanimate)

There are both informal and polite forms of the singular pronoun ‘you’. The
polite form ‘Shomaa’ has the same form as the plural form of you. The
informal form ‘to’ ……. is used only among close friends and relatives.

The 3rd person singular i.e. he / she / it has two forms:

a. ‘oo’ ……. is used to refer animate nouns i.e. persons and animals

40 b. ‘aan’……. is used to refer inanimate nouns i.e. things

I Our Surrounding
4.12 EXERCISE-9
The following examples are to make you understand the difference between
‘oo’ and ‘aan’ and their use:

F>!#/$),B FI,63$/(B
Aanjaa dera kht ast.& =G4M=>')M02-5 There is tree.
Aan sabz ast. =G4M,aGM@5 That is green.
Aan derakht sabz ast. =G4M,aGM=>')M@5 That tree is
green.
Aanjaaa baagh ast =G4M?0/M02-5 There is garden.
Aan bozorg ast =G4Mb',/ @5 That is big.
Aan baagh bozorg ast =G4Mb',/M?0/ @5 That garden is
big.
Ou Ahmad ast =G4Mc7d4M(4 he is Ahmad
Ahmad Aanjaaa ast =G4M02-5Mc7d4 Ahmad is there.
Ou pesar ast =G4M;LeM(4 he is boy
Nahid Aanjaaa ast =G4M02-5 cA`0- Nahid is there.
Ou dokhtar ast =G4M;F>)M(4 She is girl.
Aan Maghaaze ast =G4 HI0J1M@5 That is shop.
Aan Maghaaze kouchak =G4M*C$D HI0J1 @5 That shop is
ast small.
Aan utubus ast =G4 O$/$P4 @5 That is bus.
Aan utubus sorkh ast =G4 f;G O$/$P4 @5 Tat is a s red
bus.

4.13 WRITING SKILLS

(How to pronounce) (equivalent in English) (Persian alphabet)

Alif a 4
Be b 9
Pe p g
Te t [
Se s / th h
Jim j i
Che ch j
He h k
41
Reading and Writing-I
Khe kh f
Dal d )
Zal z l
Re r '
Ze z I
Zhe zh m
Sin s O
Shin s \
Sad s n
Zad z o
Ta t p
Za z q
Ayn ’/a r
Ghyn gh ?
Fe f s
ghaf gh / q :
kaf k t
gaf g b
lam l 6
mim m Z
nun n @
waw v/w (
he h H
ye y #
4.14 EXERCISE
Write the above 32 alphabets of Persian which you have learnt four times in
the following four units:

Unit-1 unit-2 unit-3

42
I In the School
UNIT 5 IN THE SCHOOL #& / !"#$% #&
'()*+& (Dar Madrase / Dabestaan)
Structure

5.0 Objectives
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Revision
5.3 New Words
5.4 Exercise-1
5.5 Exercise-2
5.6 Exercise-3
5.7 Exercise-5
5.8 Exercise-5
5.9 Exercise-6
5.10 Table
5.11 Exercise-7
5.12 Exercise-8
5.13 Exercise-9
5.14 Writing Skills
5.15 Revision
5.16 Rxercise-1
5.17 Exercise-2
5.18 Exercise-3

5.0 OBJECTIVES
The main objective of this unit is to enable you to learn some common and
frequently used Persian words related to school and its premises. The unit is
supported by many EXERCISEs to build up your learning.

5.1 INTRODUCTION
In this unit you will learn ten new Persian words and their uses. These are
very common and frequently used words. The unit contains some
EXERCISEs to enhance and consolidate your learning process and make you
completely familiar with these common Persian words. The attempt has been
made to ensure the practice of writing by giving EXERCISEs. Let us start
with a quick revision of some Persian words you have learnt in the previous
unit.

43
Reading and Writing-I
5.2 REVISION
Read the following Persian words loudly:

!"#$#%&' ()*'+)',-)#).#/!'' 0!-&$"#'1)-2&'

Mistake eshtebaah /(,)-.
Clean tamiz 0123
Signature imza’ 5(4%.
Closed baste !)*+
Open baaz 6(+
Letter naame !%(7
Night shab 8-
Day ruz 69#
Tonight emshab 8:%.
Yesterday dirouz 69;<&
Today emruz 69;%.
Tomorrow Fardaa .&;=
Day after tomorrow pas-Fardaa .&;= >?
5.3 NEW WORDS
In this unit you will learn 10 new Persian words about our surrounding:

!"#$#%&' ()*'+)',-)#).#/!'' 0!-&$"#'*)-2&'

Student shagerd &;@(-
Teacher aamuzgaar / ostaad &()". / #(@6A%B
Class kelaas CDE
Book ketaab F()E
Copy daftar ;)=&
Pen khodkaar #(E&AG
Pencil medaad &.$%
Library KetaabKhaane !7(GF()E
Museum muze /6A%
Lesson dars C#&
44
I Note: memorize the above mentioned words. They will enable you to define In the School
your school.

5.4 EXERCISE-1
Match the words with correct meanings:

English Persian English Persian

Student medaad &.$% Teacher ketaab F()E
Class claas CDE Book dars C#&
Copy mouze /6A% Pen Ketaabkhaane !7(H+()E
Pencil shagerd !"#$ Library khodkaar #(E&AG
Museum daftar ;)=& Lesson aamuzgaar #(@6A%B

5.5 EXERCISE-2
(This EXERCISE is designed to teach you about interaction with others.
Knowing a few formal words for expressing thanks and sayings goodbye will
help to show your appreciation towards your teacher or while interacting
with others. These words are very often used in our daily conversations. So
pay special attention and practice them as much as possible and make as
many sentences you can form out of them.)

First of all read the following:

English Persian (pronunciation) Persian
Hello salaam ID"
Goodbye khodaa haafez J=(K .$G
Yes bale / aare /#B M !L+
No khair / na !7 M ;1G
Excuse me bebakhshid $1:H,+
Please lotfan N (OPQ
Thank you motashakkeram / mamnunam S7AT2% M I;R:)%
Ok bashe !-(+
Do you mind? Eshkaal nadaare? V/#.$7 U(R-.
That’s ok khahish mikonam STEY% WX.AG
5.6 EXERCISE-3
The following is in continuation of above examples to make you acquainted
with the words required to express greetings, goodbyes and conversation:
45
Reading and Writing-I
English Persian Persian
(pronunciation)
Good morning sob’h be khair ;1H+ Z,[
Good day (noon) rouz bekhair ;1H+ 69#
Good afternoon asr bekhair ;1H+ ;\]
Good evening / night shab bekhair ;1H+ 8-
Goodbye khodaa haafez J=(K .$G
Let’s go befarmayeed berawim S<9;+ $1<(%;O+
Please sit down befaryeed benashinid $1T1:T+ $1<(%;O+
Correct! Dorost ast ^". ^"#&
Do you understand? Motavejjeh mi-shavid? V$<A-Y% !_A)% (<B
Yes, I understand bale, motavjjeh me IA-Y% !_A)% `!L+
shavum
No, I don’t understand na motavjjeh name IA-Y27 !_A)% `!7
shavum

Except close friends and children, while people calling each other by their
first name or surname, generally they add the title ‘Mr’ (agha) or ‘Ms’
(Khaanom), but in case addressing in a very formal manner they use ‘Janab-e
agha’ (for male) or ‘sarkar Khaanom’ (for female).

5.7 EXERCISE-4
In continuation of the above, the following is list of forms of address.

English Persian Persian

(pronunciation)
Mr. Ahmad Agha -ye Ahmad $2K. b(aB
Mr. Naaser Agha -ye Naser ;[(7 b(aB
Mr. Sadegh Agha -ye Saadegh c&([ b(aB
Miss Naahid Khaanom-e Naahid $1X(7 S7(G
Miss Fatemeh Khaanom-e Fatemeh !2d(= S7(G
Mr. Engineer Agha-ye Mohandes C$Te% b(aB
Mr. Chairman Agha-ye Rayees >1f# b(aB
Miss Manager Khaanom-e Modir ;<$% S7(G
46
I In the School
Miss Doctor Khaanom-e Pezeshk ;)E& S7(G
Mr. Ambassador Agha-ye Safir ;1O" b(aB
Madam Professor Khaanom Sarkaar &()". S7(G#(E;"
Ostaad

Note: In the above examples Miss / Mrs. / Madam (for female) would be
same in Persian as Khaanom / Khaanom Sarkaar as per the situation.

5.8 EXERCISE-5
The following EXERCISEs are designed to make you more acquainted with
the above.

English Persian Persian

(pronunciation)
Mr. Ahmad came. Agha -ye Ahmad aamad $%B $2K. b(aB
Mr. Nasir sang Agha -ye Naser aavaaz $7.AG 6.9B ;[(7 b(aB
khaand
Mr. Saadegh ate. Agha -ye Saadegh &#AG c&([ b(aB
khurd.
Miss Naahid went. Khaanom-e Naahid raft ^=# $1X(7 S7(G
Miss Fatemeh read Khaanom-e Fatemeh $7.AG !2d(= S7(G
khaand
Mr. Engineer saw Agha-ye Mohandes did $<& C$Te% b(aB
Mr. Chairman said. Agha-ye Rayees goft ^O@ >1f# b(aB
Miss Manager wrote. Khaanom-e Modir ^-A7 ;<$% S7(G
newesht
Mr. Ambassador Janab-e aaghaa-ye Safir &A%;= ;1O" b(aB F
g (T_
told. farmud
Madam Professor Sarkaar Khaanom C#& &()". S7(G#(E;"
taught. Ostaad dars dad
&.&
5.9 EXERCISE-6
These Exercises are designed to make you more acquainted with the Persian
greetings and goodbye.

English Persian Persian

(pronunciation)

Good morning! Mr. sob’h bekhair, Agha - $2K. b(aB ;1H+ Z,[
Ahmad ye Ahmad
47
Reading and Writing-I
Good day Mr. Nasir Ruz bekhair Agha -ye ;[(7 b(aB ;1H+ 69#
Nasr

Good afternoon Mr. asr bekhair Agha -ye b(aB ;1H+ ;\]
Saadegh Saadegh
c&([
Good evening Miss shab bekhair $1X(7 S7(G ;1H+ ;\]
Naahid Khaanom-e Naahid

Goodbye Miss Khodaa hefez !2d(= S7(G J=(K .$G

Fatemeh Khaanom-e Fatemeh

Good morning Mr. sob’hbekhair aaghaa- b(aB ;1H+ Z,[

Engineer ye Mohandes
C$Te%
Good day Mr. ruz bekhair aaghaa-ye >1f# b(aB ;1H+ 69#
Chairman Rayees

Good afternoon Miss asr bekhair Khaanom- ;<$% S7(G ;1H+ ;\]
Manager e Modir

Good evening Miss shab bekhair ;)E& S7(G ;1H+ 8-

Doctor Khaanom-e Pezeshk

Goodbye Mr. khodaa haafez Janab-e b(aBF

g (T_ J=(K.$G
Ambassador aaghaa-ye Safir
;1O"
Hello Madam salaam Khaanom &()".#(E;" S7(G ID"
Professor Sarkaar Ostaad

Note: salaam can also be used as an alternative of all above greetings except
goodbye.

5.10 TABLE
Following is a list of Persian infinitive (masder)

Persian Persian English

(pronunciation)
Aamadan '$%B to come

Aavaz khaandan '$7.AG 6.9B to sing

Khordan '&#AG to eat

Raftan h)=# to go

Khaandan '$7.AG to read

Didan '$<& to see

48
I In the School
Goftan h)O@ to say / tell / talk

Neweshtan h)-A7 to write

Farmoudan '&A%;= to say / tell

Daadan '&.& to give

Note: all the forms of verb in Persian are derived from the above or infinitive
(masder). Beside that many other forms of words are also derived from
masder.

5.11 EXERCISE-7
Below is some more practices and examples for your practice in Persian
conversation utilizing above mentioned words.

English Persian Persian

(pronunciation)
Hello my friend salaam doust-e man h% ^
g "9& ID"
Goodbye Mr. Ahmad khodaa haafez aaghaa- $2K. b(aB J=(K .$G
ye Ahmad
Yes Madam bale Khaanom S7(G !L+
No Sir Nakhair agha / '(+;a -(aB ;1H7
ghorban
Excuse me Doctor Bebakhshid aaghaa-ye ;)E& b(aB $1:H+
duktor
Please Miss Naahid lotfan Khaanom-e $1X(7 S7(G N (OPQ
Naahid
Thank you Mr. motashakkeram >1f# b(aB I;R:)%
Chairman aaghaa-ye rayees
OK Mr. Nasir bashe aaghaa-ye Nasr ;[(7 b(aB !-(+
Do you mind Mr. Eshkaal nadaare b(aB /#.$7 U(R-.
Saadegh? aaghaa-ye Saadegh?
c&([
That’s OK Madam khahish mikonam STEY% WX.AG
Khaanom

5.12 EXERCISE-8
See the following sentences and write their Persian:

Aaghaa-ye Naaser medaad daad Mr. Nasir gave pencil.

Ostaad ketaab khaand. the teacher read book.
49
Reading and Writing-I Ou be class aamad.
Shagerd (be) ketaabKhaane raft.
Ahmad injaaa aamad.
Ou injaaa ast
5.13 EXERCISE-9
Translate the following into Persian using your previous knowledge of words
and grammar:
School is clean.
This is his signature.
My school is closed.
Your school is open.
My school is there.
He wrote letter.
His letter came.
He came tonight.
She went yesterday.
He read today.
My teacher told day before
yesterday.
Madam Fatemeh taught today.
She is here today.
Hello my friend! This is garden
Goodbye Sir.
Yes, I read that book.
No, he went there
Excuse me, he is teacher?
Please, Mr. Mohit.
Thank you, Manager.
Do you mind? Sir
That’s OK sister.
OK my friend
50
he came in the class.
student went to library
Ahmad came here.
He is here.
……………………………………………
……………………………………………
……………………………………………
……………………………………………
……………………………………………
……………………………………………
……………………………………………
……………………………………………
……………………………………………
……………………………………………
……………………………………………
……………………………………………
……………………………………………
……………………………………………
……………………………………………
……………………………………………
……………………………………………
……………………………………………
……………………………………………
……………………………………………
……………………………………………
……………………………………………
……………………………………………
I In the School
5.14 WRITING SKILLS
Transliterate the following into Persian script which is designed for your
practice and would help you to improve your writing skill in Persian:

Salam Ruz
Khodaa haafez Asr
Bale Khoda
Aare Hafez
Khair Sob’h bekhair
Na Ruz bekhair
Bashe Asr bekhair
Eshtebaah Shab bekhair
Tamiz Khodaa haafez
Baste Bebakhshid
Baaz Lotfan
Naame Motashakkeram
Shab Mamnunam
Ruz Bale
Amshab Agha
Diruz Janab
Emrouz Khaanom
Farada Sarkar
Pas Khaanom
Pas-Fardaa Janab-e agha
Shagerd Sarkar Khaanom
Ustad Agha -ye Ahmad
Class Agha -ye Nasr
Ketaab Agha -ye Saadegh
Daftar Khaanom-e Naahid
Medaad Khaanom-e Fatemeh
Ketaab
Khaane
KetaabKhaane
Muze
Dars
sob’h

51
Reading and Writing-I
5.15 REVISION
Write the 32 alphabets of Persian, its English transliteration and English
equivalent. First line done for you.

(Persian alphabet) (English Transliteration) (English alphabet)

. Alif a

5.16 EXERCISE-1
Write the Persian infinitive (masdar) of following into Persian.

To come ……………………………………………

To sing ……………………………………………

To eat ……………………………………………

To go ……………………………………………

To read ……………………………………………

To see ……………………………………………

To say ……………………………………………

To write ……………………………………………

To talk ……………………………………………

To give ……………………………………………

5.17 EXERCISE-2
As mentioned earlier Masdar is the source of all forms of verbs. Generally,
masdar ends with two alphabets i.e. dal and nun (dan) or te and nun (tan). By
removing the last alphabet, masdar may be converted into wahid ghayeb
(third person singular) of gozashta-ye sade (simple past) for example aamad
(from aamad + (a)n) means he / she came, raft (raft + (a)n) means he / she
went. Here (a) denotes vowel. The following example would be helpful for
you to understand the above:

"&2"-'3'how to pronounce / *"4$2 %4"5!6 (3rd person singular) of /

%)7"&4+"85!'&"2! (simple past) with meaning

'$%B Aamadan $%B aamad he / she came

'&9;" Sarudan &9;" sarud he / she sang

52
I In the School
'&#AG Khurdan &#AG khurd he / she ate

h)=# Raftan ^=# raft he / she went

'$7.AG Khwandan $7.AG khaand he / she

read

'$<& Deedan $<& deed he / she saw

h)O@ Goftan ^O@ goft he / she said /

talked

h)-A7 Neweshtan ^-A7 newisht he / she

wrote

'&A%;= Farmudan &A%;= farmud he / she told

'&.& Dadan &.& dad he / she gave

5.18 EXERCISE-3
Convert any ten Masadir (plural of masdar) into %)7"&4+"85!'&"2! (simple
past) as you read above

53
Reading and Writing-I T
UNIT 6 THINGS AROUND YOU !"#$%&
"'( )*+,*-. (Cheezhayedar atraaf-e
Shomaa)
Structure

6.0 Objectives
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Revision
6.3 New words
6.4 Exercise-1
6.5 Exercise-2
6.6 Exercise-3
6.7 Exercise-4
6.8 Exercise-5
6.9 Exercise-6
6.10 Exercise-7
6.11 Exercise-8
6.12 Exercise-9
6.13 Exercise-10
6.14 Exercise-11
6.15 Exercise-12
6.16 Revision-1
6.17 Revision-2

6.0 OBJECTIVES
The main objective of this unit is to enable you to learn some common and
frequently used Persian words related to our surrounding Vis-a-Vis improving
your skill to write and speak Persian. The unit is supported by many
EXERCISEs to build up your learning.

6.1 INTRODUCTION
In this unit you will learn ten new Persian words and their uses. These are very
common and frequently used words. Besides, the forms of articles in Persian are
also explained. The unit contains some EXERCISEs to enhance and consolidate
your learning process and make you completely familiar with these common
Persian words. The attempt has been made to ensure the practice of writing by
54
I giving EXERCISEs. Let us start with a quick revision of some Persian words Things Around You
you have learnt in the previous unit.

6.2 REVISION
Read the following Persian words loudly:

!"#$#%& '("#&)$*!("*$+# ,!(&$"#-.+(/&

Pen khodkaar !"#$%
Pencil medaad #&'(
Library KetaabKhaane ,-!)*!+"
Museum muze ./$(
Mistake Eshtebaah .!0+1&
Clean tamiz 2345
Signature imza 6!7(&
Closed baste ,+8*
Today emrouz /9:(&
Tomorrow Fardaa &#:;
Day after tomorrow pas-Fardaa &#:;<=
Opposite moghaabel >*!?(
Here injaa !@AB&
There aanjaa !@-C
North Shomaal D!41
South jonoub E$AF
East shargh G:1
West gharb E:H
Tree derakht I% #
Garden baagh J!*
Road / street khyaabaan K!*!3%
Lane kouche ,L$"
Traffic lights cheragh-a qirmaz 2(:M J&:L
Village rousta / deh .# / !+N9
Shop Maghaaze ./!O( 55
Reading and Writing-I T
Bus stop istgah -e utubus S$*$5&P.Q !R+8B&
Train qataar !TM
Railway station istgah -e ghatar !TM .!R+8B&
Sun aftab E!+;C
Moon mah .!(

6.3 NEW WORDS

In this unit you will learn 10 new Persian words about our surrounding:

!"#$#%& '("#&)$*!("*$+# ,!(&$"#-.+(/&

City centre markz-e shahr :U1P2Q ":(
Airport forudgah .!V#9:;
Platform sakko $XW N
Hotel hotel >+Y
Countryside rousta !+N9
Mountain Kouh .$"
Market baazaar &/!*
Post office Edaare-e post I8= .PZ &#&
Bank bank [-!*
Town square maidan-e shahr :U1PK&'3(
Q
Note: ! "#$%!&'(!&)*"+!& !,'$",!-&."#-/0&1(!2&.$33&!,)*3!&2"4&'"&-!5$,!&2"4#&
/6(""30&

6.4 EXERCISE-1
Give the meaning of the following words in Persian:

English Persian English Persian

City centre Airport
Platform Hotel
Countryside Mountain
Market Post office
Bank Town square

56
I Things Around You
6.5 EXERCISE-2
In continuation of the above, a few more words are given in the following to
make you acquainted with the Persian words about surrounding.

Airplane hawapaima !43=&$Y

Ticket Belit \3]*
City shahr :U1
Cinema sinema !4A3N
Statue mojassame ,48@(
Police police <3]=
Embassy sefaarat ^ !_N
Public toilet towaalet-e omumi
`($4aPI
Q b&$5
Beggar geda &'V
Park Paark c !=

6.6 EXERCISE-3
71(!& 5"33".$,8& 9:9;<=>9& $/& -!/$8,!-& '"& '!)6(& 2"4& !?@#!//$",/& )*"4'& '($,8/&
)#"4,-& 2"40& 1(!& $,'!,'$",& $/& '"& !,#$6(& 2"4#& !?@#!//$",/& .($6(& .$33& (!3@& 2"4&
.($3!&')3A$,8&)*"4'&'(!&'($,8/&)#"4,-&4/&$,634-$,8& )A$,8&B4!#$!/0&1(!/!&."#-/&
)#!& +!#2& "5'!,& 4/!-& $,& "4#& -)$32& 6",+!#/)'$",/0& >"& @)2& /@!6$)3& )''!,'$",& ),-&
@#)6'$6!&'(! &)/& 46(&)/&@"//$*3!&),-& )A!&)/& ),2&/!,'!,6!/&2"4&6),&5"# &"4'&
"5&'(! 0C&

First of all read the following:

English Persian (pronunciation) Persian

What che ,L
Who ki `"
Why chera &:L
Where koja !@"
When key `"
Which Kodaam d&'"
57
Reading and Writing-I T
6.7 EXERCISE-4
There are a few sentences using the above words.

What is this? In chist(=chi + ast)? ePI83LPfB&

Who is he / she? Ou ki hast? ePINYP`"P9&
Why is the bank closed? Chera bank baste ast? ePIN& ,+8*P[-!*P&:L
Where is the hotel? Hotel koja-ast? ePIN!@"P>+Y
When does the airplane Hawaapaima key P/&9:= `"P!43=&9Y
fly? parwaaz mi-konad?
e'A"`(

Which is the best? Kodaam behtar ast? ePIN& :+U*Pd&'"

City centre is big. markz-e shahr bozorg IN&Pg 2* :U1P2Q ":(
ast.
Airport is nearby. Forudgah nazdik ast.
hPIN&P[B#2- .!V#9:;
Countryside is far away. Roustaa dur ast. hPIN&P 9#P!+N9
Mountain is high. Kuh boland ast. PIN&P'A]* .$"
I saw Cinema. Man sinemaa ra hPd'B# & !43ANPf(
didam.
I went to the Embassy. Man be sefaarat i+; P^ !_N ,*Pf(
raftam.
Park is beautiful. Park zibaa ast. IN&P!0B/Pc !=

6.8 EXERCISE-5
Make inquisitive sentences in Persian using the following words.
Roustaa (!+N9 )

Kouh(.$")

Bazaar( &/!*)
edaare-e post(I8= j &#&)
bank([-!*)

maidaan-e shahr(:U1 PK&'3(

Q )
sinemaa(!4A3N)

Mojassame(,48@()
58
I Things Around You
Sefaarat(^ !_N)
tovalet-e omumi(`($4a Ib&$5)
gedaa(&'V)

6.9 EXERCISE-6
Make twenty simple sentences in Persian using the words you have learnt in this
unit.

1.
2.
3.
5.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
15.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19
20.

6.10 EXERCISE-7
Here different ways of expressing articles like ‘a’, ‘an’ and ‘the’ in Persian is
explained for your understanding.

1. Placing the word ‘yek’ …….. (one) before a noun gives the
meaning of the indefinite articles ‘a’ and ‘an’ for example:
I saw a book today.
9 #"4%& ),&2!A&D!'))*&#))&-$-) 0 Pd'B#P& PE!+"P[BPf(P/9:(&! 59
Reading and Writing-I 2. Similarly, placing –yek (……………. ) after a noun also makes the T
noun indefinite, for example:

I saw a book today.

9 #"4%&A!'))*E$&#))&-$-) 0& d'B#P& P`*!+"P/9:(&!
3. But, when noun is not marked by ‘ek’ or ‘ye’ is indefinite, for example:
I saw the book.
F),&A!'))*&#))&-$-) 0& & hPd'B#P& PE!+"Pf(
Note: the above mentioned explanation denotes that y!A&G&2! (………. / ……..)
are for the articles ‘a’ and ‘an’; and ‘the’ does not require any.

6.11 EXERCISE- 8
The following are the expressions which you may listen while going around.
These are given here to make you more acquainted with the words required to
express, understand and communicate:

Majjaaniy-e (= majani + ast) IN&P`-!@( it’s free.

Movaafegh-am i?;&$( I agree.

Mokhaalef-am i_b!)( I don’t agree.

Hatman k!P4+l sure.

Kamelan dorost-e (dorost + ast) IN& IN #Pkm(!" very true / absolutely right

Dorost nist I83-PIN # that’s not true.

Albatte ,+0b& of course.

Be hich waj’h ,F9Pn3YP,* no way.

Pas injur $@AB&P<= is that so.

6.12 EXERCISE- 9
Translate the following sentences into Persian expressing articles like ‘a’, ‘an’
and ‘the’.

1. He is a boy
2. She is a girl.
3. This is a City centre
4. That is the Airport
5. Where is the Hotel

60
I 6. That is the Mountain Things Around You

7. This is a market
8. I am in a Post office
9. Where is a bank
10. This is an umbrella

6.13 EXERCISE-10
Answer the following questions in Persian:

1. In chist?
2. Bank koja ast?
3. Aayaa to emrouz be baazaar rafti?
4. Ahmad key be dabestaan aamad?
5. Kodaam Ketaab raa kharidi?
6. Kuh-e Himala kudaam taraf ast?
7. Ki Aanjaaa raft?
8. Ou chera be hotel raft?
9. Aan dokhtar ki hast?
10. Namey Shomaa chist?
11. Khaanom chera sinema raft?
12. To koja boodi?
13. Madrat key aamad?
14. Kudaam shahr zibaa ast?
15. Mojassame koja ast?

6.14 EXERCISE-11
Write a note about your surrounding and your daily engagements utilizing your
knowledge of words and grammar which you have learnt so far. This EXERCISE
will help you to revise your all previous lessons and is meant to develop
confidence in you. Besides, it is aimed to develop your urge to learn further.

6.15 EXERCISE-12
Try to learn the following infinitives to enrich your vocabulary.

61
Reading and Writing-I T
"&/"( how to pronounce !"#$#%&

K#:"- Kardan to do

f+%9:; Forukhtan to sell

K'3oM Raghsidan to dance

K'3N Rasidan to reach

K'-& Randan to drive

K#!+;& Oftaadan to fall

K'3p)* Bakhshidan to forgive

f+%!A1 Shenaakhtan toknow (someone)

f+8-&# Daanestan to know (something)

f+8X1 Shekastan to break

K'3p" Kashidan to pull

K'3N:= Porsidan to question

K'34U; Fahmidan to understand

K'3*&$% Khaabidan to sleep

K'1 Shodan to be

6.16 REVISION-1
Convert the above mentioned infinitives ( )/)-$#) into .)($-&8()2!* of
H"%)/(')E2!&/))-! (simple past) as you have done in the previous unit.

"&/"( pronounciation qB!HP'Q 3l9 .#!NPr+1sV

6.17 REVISION-2
Read the following Persian words loudly:

Meanings Transliteration Persian words

Below zeer :B/

62
I Things Around You
On ru’ye / bar :* hPt9

Over bala u!*

In dar / dakhil / tu t$5 hP>%&# hP #

Inside indaroon / tu / dakhil >%&# hPt$5 hPK9 '-&

Outside birun K9:3*

With / alongside ba / hamrah .&:4Y hP!*

Without bedun K9'*

63