hy ACX _Biols ' a DIRECTIONS Read e the four ance carefully. Determine the best answer to the question from document. wer choices provided. Then fill in the answer on your answer 2. The ré aie eroaro shown in the picture were obtained using a technique known as ge! phoresis. This technique separates mixtures of DNA. In the picture nine different. | samples of DNA are compared. Gel electrophoresis can be used to — A. determine the differences in ages of a set of people B. identify how closely two individuals are related qr determine how effective certain medications are aN D identify different blood types2. The diagram illu gram illustrates the activity of vesicles during a cellular process. Vesicle Activities in a Cell Which statement best explains the function of the vesicles? F Delivering packaged materials to the Golgi apparatus for protein sy" G Exchanging genetic inform: ‘ation between the Golgi apparatuses of separate cells H_ Extracting portions of the Golgi apparatu: mthesis 1s to be regenerated for growth within the cell 3. Transporting packaged molecules from the Golgi app: aratus to be released out of the cell \ owe” erm J Me | vw \| @ 3) The graphs show the rea ction rate for an enzyme across a range of temperatures and pH. Enzyme Reaction Rates Rate of Reaction Rate of Reaction 4 6 8 10 12 ao ao He soeetaocaranittoras pH ‘Temperature (°C) Based ‘on these data, this enzyme functions best at what temperature and pH? ahh A Temperature of 27°C and a pH of 4 B Temperature of 37°C and a pH of 6 yA ho | © Temperature of 40°C and a pH of 8 pe 6 Ws D Temperature of 50°C and a pH of 10 owt 4° The Indian leaf butterfly has traits that allow it to resemble a leaf. The bright colors of the monarch butterfly indicate that the butterfly tastes bad and can be poisonous. How does the appearance of these butterflies help them to survive? F The Indian leaf butterfly is able to avoid predators while the monarch butterfly warns predators away. The Indian leaf butterfly frightens predators away while the monarch butterfly poisons 6 predators before they can eat it. Both butterflies rely on camouflage to avoid predation. Both butterflies cooperate with one another to avoid predation.5 The female rey Productive an¢ 7 : ictive and endocrine systems work interactively for which main purpose? To maintain homeost ct In homeostasis by removing waste products from the body i release neurotransmitters during times of stress > To cont Control hormone levels to prepare the body for pregnancy To exchan: ’ange gases to support cellular aerobic respiration Scientists can determine relatedness among organisms by comparing partial amino acid ‘sequences. The table shows four partial amino acid sequences from four organisms. Partial Amino Acid Sequence Which organism is the LEAST related to the other three organi rom WW pps’ cl organism 2 Ol Organism 3 oN 3 Organism 4G 7 In the 1880s, Lo , Louis Pasteur a ube injected ita Rem sloped 2 Method of weakening vuses. The weakened viruses How is this method effective in fighting viral diseases? iA The imm wun on © System develops antibodies in response to the weakened viruses. 'e Weakened vii | reproductive cycles Sach t0 unaffected viruses In the host and interrupt the viral © The rate rate of Viruses,” Senetic mutation in the host Is decreased due to the introduction of weakened Weakened Kened viruses are unable to enter the host organism. si In humans blood type is determined by the A, B, and O alleles. The A and B alleles are Sedominant to each other and dominant over the O allele. An individual with the AO genotyPe an individual with the BO genotype can produce offspring with which of the following phenotypes? 13 i abn oho oe, H_ A,B, or O only wy a o J A,B, AB, or O oN 9 Which of these best demonstrates mutualism between certain types of bacteria and humans? | A Intestinal bacteria obtain nutrients from the gut and produce vitamin K used by humans. |B Bacteria become resistant to antibacterial medication that humans use for treatment. Invasive bacteria at an area of injury produce toxins that damage healthy tissues of the c human body. Bacteria in improperly prepared food is consumed by humans, causing food poisoning.10. What is the ri ae role Of MRNA in expressing specialized structures? aki "9 energy available for cellular activities ‘Creating bonds to form biomolecules Sn Pr i reducing sugars that assist with replication ‘ $ JA oes “zon aa Ai Student used a microscope to study four members of the phylum Ciophora, Members of | is phylum move when propelled by hundreds of tiny cilia. 3 caudatum Paramecium aurelia Paramecium Paramecium multimicronucleatum bursaria Although these organisms belong to the same phylum, they are classified as different — A families B species € kingdoms D ordersDG ‘Which . ‘¥pes of cells would only affect the organism and not future generations? ‘99 Cell and liver cet) « ‘Sperm ceil and 99 cell H ae \ 22 A mutation ins F Nerve cell and brain cell Sperm ceil and | . $ lung cell abl vy ps! 2789 oO a 13 7 the mid-1980s an aggressive strain of algae known as Caulerpa was accidentally srg guced into the Mediterranean Sea when a seaside aquarium cleaned out its tanks. The ‘92e contains a toxin that prevents native herbivores from consuming it. Caulerpa quickly Spread over the sea floor, crowding out many species including sponges, corals, sea fans, and lobsters. Which statement explains the most likely impact Caulerpa has had on the biodiversity in the Mediterranean Sea? A. The presence of Caulerpa within an ecosystem is an indicator of the ecosystem’s health. B The spread of Caulerpa improved the habitat for many species of sea grasses, and increased the biodiversity. Caulerpa interbred with native species with the same adaptations within the ecosystem. Caulerpa became dominant within the ecosystem and reduced the biodiversity.14 3 TCC AAT GGC TTA TIT GCA A sequen, ce Of 2 DNA template strand is showr In, mRNA Codon Chart Second Base ee EE c A s Phenylalanine| Serine rosine steine | U. u Leucine Serine [Stop Stop A Leucine Proline [Histidine ‘Arginine | c 8 Leucine Proline Glutamine | Arginine | a) S 3 a # | [Xsoleucine | Threonine [Asparagine | ‘Serine ul? < 8 7 8 Isoleucine | Threonine [Lysine ‘Arginine | A Valine ‘Alanine [Aspartic acid | Glycine | U © [valine ‘Alanine [Glutamic acid| Glycine | A |. Which of these is the correct amino acid chain produced from the DNA template strand? F Arginine - Leucine - Proline - Asparagine - Lysine - Arginine G Tryptophan - Phenylalanine - Leucine - Glycine - Asparagine - Phenylalanine H_ Serine - Leucine - Proline - Asparagine - Lysine - Arginine 3 Tryptophan - Phenylalanine - Leucine - Glycine - Asparagine - Serine “ih vl He os" pwWhich statement best explains the importance of the root hairs to the stems and leaves of the plant? A Root hairs convert minerals into glucose for immediate use by cells. B_ Root hairs decrease the need for osmosis and diffusion in vascular tissue. Root hairs prevent water loss in leaves through transpiration and gas exchange. D_ Root hairs increase the surface area of the roots for nutrient and water absorption.16 The Himalayan rabbit's . typically covered in at habitat black fur, ite fur er 4s nowy Ur except for thas nY winters and mild summers. The body is se, feet, tall, and ears, which are covered in Himalayan Rabbit Asci i scientist shaved an area of white fur on the back of a Himalayan rabbit and placed an Ice Pack over the shaved area. The shaved area grew black fur. | Which of these best explains why the hair that grew back where the Ice pack was placed WS, black and not white? ' F The genes for black hair were activated by specific temperatures, G The white hair mutated to black hair as the rabbit's body temperature decreased. g bin H_ The coat color changed from white to black with the age of the rapbIt- \> S$ J White hair only grows during certain times of the year. J fh i‘ ( ay 17. A-small town in the piney woods of East Texas has 2 soccer field composed of native grasses. The soccer field. is mowed once 2 week. ‘ \ What effect does continual mowing have on the ecology of the field? |A- Mowing increases the lkelinood of nonnative species displacing native species: \ B- Mowing increases the number of species found in the fleld. | (C Mowing causes different types of communities to form across the field. ‘ D Mowing maintains a low species diversity by inhibiting further succession.* Reproduce Sexually * Photosynthetic * Motile G | * Multicettular * Photosynthetic 19 The activities in the cell cycle occur during spec! DNA replicated? A Mitosis B G, phase © G, phase D 'S phase * Eukaryotic + Motile « Reproduce sexually * Motile + Prokaryotic + Multicellular ific phases. In which phase of the cell cycle iS {onWhen il plac ote an energy pyramid of the swamp ecosystem, which of these would be ed at the top of the pyramid? F Grass carp \ G American alligator : 5 t Eastern mud turtle po ho J Great blue heron : or el av 21 The white cattail is a hybrid species of plant that is a result of the cross between the broad-leaved cattail and the narrow-leaved cattail. Over time, the white cattail has established itself in the wetlands of Midwestern states. Which of these explains the success of the white cattail? A Favorable genes from parental generations provide advantageous characteristics to the hybrid species. B_ Hybridization produces offspring traits that allow different species to survive in extreme environments. Inherited traits passed on from parental generations make hybrid species more susceptible to disease. D_ Hybrid species display more adaptations due to their reduced genetic diversity.Oe, wwantities on @ hot day will produce large cua ™OUnt of urine produced by ti An individual who partici 22 Pates in a longg or eat: AS @ result of the listance run XCessiye ‘© Sweating, the a els. of squint ifferent species 23 The ait afferent sper gray Eastern fos Squire are all ane sq x squirrel, and rec oe vis eeeuns faa each species of an organism importa Why is havin become d as they es change ¢d organisms from having their nam name: A To prevent existing extinct ed discover janisms are das new org; ing alteres tem from bel classification sys B To keep the time bn t the same jon levels at to be placed in many classificati a i\ s Pein ing and organization of organisms the namin; To standardize Vv j A wy le got ; cS Ssstudents are given da present in four differe ta from an ji an im nt samples. Hydro, 9, Phosphorus, and nitrogen Aluminum, silicon, and copper iC alcium, potassium, and nitrogen Iron, oxygen, and magnesium Whi ich sample was most likely DNA? Sample 1 F G Sample 2 H Sample 3 3 Sample 4 Saprophytes are fungi that feed on dead and decomposing organisms. They secrete enzymes that digest components of cell walls, such as cellulose and lignin. portant part of the biogeochemical cycle? Which statement explains why these fungi are an Im .s exchange that assists the cellular activities of autotrophs- A Saprophytes perform ga! B_ Saprophytes extract minerals from livin ransport nutrients through the xylem and ‘terial to the soil for use by living organisms. g tissue to recycle them back into the sot! © Saprophytes ti phloem in autotrophs. D_ Saprophytes return organic ™:1 cendons and ligaments, ac 27 = : supplement cont 098 cla tain to pro Vide energy. Which we bulla lean muscle and strengthen FO} vide these i denen Ich tw F Carbonyrates and tings nefits? "0 blomolecules must the Scientists hi _ ranges inte we coserved many types of tropical fish moving beyond thelr tractional Cree 4 with nati ‘0 waters that have historically been more temperate. These fish compete fo 've fish, consuming much from the kelp forests and beds of sea grass- ‘The expansion of the ranges of tropical fish was most likely caused by — A agricultural runoff that contributes to dead zones in the ocean B global droughts that raise the salt concentration of ocean waters © the rising temperatures of ocean waters D acid rain pollution that lowers the pH of ocean waters28 The diagram shows light- Which result is most likely to occur to the beetle population due to predation over tt F G H J and dark- lark-colored beetles that live on a tree. Predator and Prey Relationship The number of light-colored beetles in the population will increase. i There will be more dark-colored beetles than light-colored beetles. The number of light-colored beetles will decrease. \ ‘The dark-colored beetles will move to a different type of tree. fr