1) A. What is Study/Learn (Belajar)?

An effort to obtain behavior change as a whole.

A process to obtain motivation in knowledge, skills, habits and behavior.

B. What is Studying (Pembelajaran)?

Interaction process between students with teacher.
The interaction processes of students with educators and learning resources in a learning
environment.

C. What is Teaching (Pengajaran)?

A preplanned, goal directed educational process designed to facilitate learning.
A process carried out by teachers in guiding, assisting, and directing students to have a
learning experience.

D. What is Education (Pendidikan)?

A process to build students’ character and behavior.
conscious and systematic efforts to achieve a better standard of living or progress.

2) The elements in the learning system

1) Teacher 5) Teaching Media
2) Students 6) Facilities
3) Learning Source 7) Motivation
4) Learning Environment
3) According to Benjamin S. Bloom in 1956. (Taksonomi Bloom)
1. Cognitive Domain Refer to intellectual or logical aspects that can be measured by
reason or reason. >>> knowledge, comprehension, analysis, etc.
2. Affective Domain Refer to emotional aspects, such as feelings, interests, attitudes,
moral compliance and so on. >>> receiving, responding, valuing, etc. Passion
3. Psychomotor Domain Refer to aspects of skills that involve the function of the
nervous system and muscles (neuronmuscular system) and psychic functions. >>>
adaptation, perception, guided response, etc. our writing, our reading

6 Stages of Taksonomi Bloom

1. Remembering : Basic concept

2. Understanding : Explain, Identifying concept
3. Applying : Use information in new situation
4. Analyzing : to draw connection
5. Evaluating : justifies, agument, crities
6. Creating : produce a new original work

4) The influence of heredity and environment on the formation of child "personality"

A. Nativism
Human’s development is influenced by inborn factor.

B. Empirism
Human’s development is influenced by environment.

C. Convergention
In the middle of nativism and empirism theory.

D. Fitrah
Humans’ natural talent/instinct. According to Q.S Ar-Ruum: 30
 Meaning:
So direct your face toward the religion, inclining to truth. [Adhere to] the fitrah of Allah
upon which He has created [all] people. No change should there be in the creation of
Allah . That is the correct religion, but most of the people do not know.

5) A. Phase of Child Development

 Pre-natal phase  pregnant until born.
 Baby phase  birth until 18 or 24 months.
 Early childhood fase  2 - 6 years old.
 Middle and final childhood phase  6 - 12 years old.
 Teenage phase  12 -18 years old.
 Early adult phase  18 - 25 years old.
 Middle and final adult phase  25 years and over.

B. Implication of Child Development Toward Study Process

 Adaptation of surrounding environment
 Changes in attitudes and behavior patterns
 Changes in learning development

6) Learning Methods
A. Lecturing
Orally explanation.

B. Discussion
Need two participants or more to interact each other.

C. Demonstration
Teacher demonstrating goods, events, rules, and sequence of activities. “How it
works?”

D. Lecturing Plus
Orally explanation combined with another method.
 Lecturing + Question & Answer with Assignment
 Lecturing + Discussion & Assignment
 Lecturing + Demonstration & Exercise

E. Recitation
Students make a resume by his/her own word.
 F. Experiment
Students do an experimental activities and prove the result by him/herself.

7) Arguments about education

A. Al-Qur’an

Meaning:
… And say (by you Muhammad), "My Lord, increase me in knowledge." (Q.S. Thaha:
114)

Meaning:
“Allah will raise those who have believed among you and those who were given
knowledge, by degrees. And Allah is Acquainted with what you do.” (Q.S. Al-
Mujadilah: 11)

B. Al-Hadits

"The seeking of knowledge is obligatory for every Muslim."

Al-Tirmidhi, Hadith 74

“One who treads a path in search of knowledge has his path to Paradise
made easy by God…”
Riyadh us-Saleheen, 245