Artical 3

PROPAGANDA

EMAN ELNAGY
Propaganda is the art of making nonsense seem desirable. It is a very
old art: the Greek Sophists were already practising it 2,500 years ago,
and they were by no means* its inventors.

‫ ﻛﺎن اﻟﺴﻔﺴﻄﺎﺋﯿﻮن اﻟﯿﻮﻧﺎﻧﯿﻮن‬:‫ إﻧﮫ ﻓﻦ ﻗﺪﯾﻢ ﺟًﺪا‬.‫اﻟﺪﻋﺎﯾﺔ ھﻲ ﻓﻦ ﺟﻌﻞ اﻟﮭﺮاء ﯾﺒﺪو ﻣﺮﻏﻮًﺑﺎ ﻓﯿﮫ‬
‫ وﻟﻢ ﯾﻜﻮﻧﻮا ﺑﺄي ﺣﺎل ﻣﻦ اﻷﺣﻮال * ﻣﺨﺘﺮﻋﯿﮫ‬، ‫ ﻋﺎم‬2500 ‫ﯾﻤﺎرﺳﻮﻧﮫ ﺑﺎﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﻣﻨﺬ‬.

However, the technique has been developed to such an extent* during the
past fifty years or so that it is easy to acquire. No matter how big the lie that
you want people to accept as truth, you can put it over* successfully if you
observe a few elementary rules: firstly, tell your lie loudly; secondly, tell it in
the simplest language, which even the mentally subnormal* (they are your
best allies) can grasp; thirdly, tell it again and again, at frequent intervals,
without introducing any confusing variations in the formulas you use;
fourthly, make sure that your propaganda involves hating somebody (it does
not matter particularly who, but hate is a very pleasurable and a very binding
emotion); fifthly, make sure that you enlist the support of the parasites of
your societypickpockets, sneak-thieves, pimps, bullies, blackmailers,
extortioners, and in fact everybody who is too lazy to work, and therefore
preys on those who do. Such people are very useful to you, because they hate
and are jealous of the intelligent and competent people, who are your chief
danger. You can use them to intimidate and beat up your opponents among
the latter.
‫ ﻓﻘﺪ ﺗﻢ ﺗﻄﻮﯾﺮ ھﺬه اﻟﺘﻘﻨﯿﺔ إﻟﻰ ھﺬا اﻟﺤﺪ * ﺧﻼل اﻟﺨﻤﺴﯿﻦ ﻋﺎًﻣﺎ اﻟﻤﺎﺿﯿﺔ‬، ‫وﻣﻊ ذﻟﻚ‬
‫ ﺑﻐﺾ اﻟﻨﻈﺮ ﻋﻦ ﺣﺠﻢ اﻟﻜﺬﺑﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺮﯾﺪ أن ﯾﺘﻘﺒﻠﮭﺎ‬.‫أو ﺑﺤﯿﺚ ﯾﺴﮭﻞ اﻟﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﻠﯿﮭﺎ‬
ً‫ أوﻻ‬:‫ ﯾﻤﻜﻨﻚ وﺿﻌﮭﺎ * ﺑﻨﺠﺎح إذا اﻟﺘﺰﻣﺖ ﺑﺒﻌﺾ اﻟﻘﻮاﻋﺪ اﻷوﻟﯿﺔ‬، ‫ اﻟﻨﺎس ﻛﺤﻘﯿﻘﺔ‬،
‫ واﻟﺘﻲ ﺣﺘﻰ اﻷﺷﺨﺎص ﻏﯿﺮ‬، ‫ أﺧﺒﺮھﺎ ﺑﺄﺑﺴﻂ ﻟﻐﺔ‬، ‫ل ؛ ﺛﺎﻧًﯿﺎ‬ ٍ ‫أﺧﺒﺮ ﻛﺬﺑﺘﻚ ﺑﺼﻮت ﻋﺎ‬
‫ أﺧﺒﺮھﺎ ﻣﺮاًرا‬، ‫اﻟﻄﺒﯿﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﻋﻘﻠًﯿﺎ * )ھﻢ أﻓﻀﻞ ﺣﻠﻔﺎﺋﻚ( ﯾﻤﻜﻨﮭﻢ ﻓﮭﻤﮭﺎ ؛ ﺛﺎﻟًﺜﺎ‬
‫ دون إدﺧﺎل أي اﺧﺘﻼﻓﺎت ﻣﺮﺑﻜﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺼﯿﻎ اﻟﺘﻲ‬، ‫ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﺘﺮات ﻣﺘﻜﺮرة‬، ‫وﺗﻜﺮاًرا‬
‫ ﺗﺄﻛﺪ ﻣﻦ أن اﻟﺪﻋﺎﯾﺔ اﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﻚ ﺗﻨﻄﻮي ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﺮه ﺷﺨﺺ ﻣﺎ‬، ‫ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﮭﺎ ؛ راﺑًﻌﺎ‬
)‫ وﻟﻜﻦ اﻟﻜﺮاھﯿﺔ ھﻲ ﻋﺎطﻔﺔ ﻣﻤﺘﻌﺔ ﻟﻠﻐﺎﯾﺔ وﻣﻠﺰﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﻐﺎﯾﺔ‬، ‫(ﻻ ﯾﮭﻢ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﺧﺎص ﻣﻦ‬
‫ اﻟﻠﺼﻮص اﻟﻤﺘﺴﻠﻠﯿﻦ‬، ‫ ﺗﺄﻛﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺼﻮﻟﻚ ﻋﻠﻰ دﻋﻢ طﻔﯿﻠﯿﺎت اﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ‬، ‫ﺴﺎ‬ ً ‫ ؛ ﺧﺎﻣ‬،
‫ وﻓﻲ اﻟﻮاﻗﻊ ﻛﻞ ﺷﺨﺺ ﻛﺴﻮل ﺟًﺪا‬، ‫ اﻟﻤﺒﺘﺰﯾﻦ‬، ‫ اﻟﻤﺒﺘﺰﯾﻦ‬، ‫ اﻟﻤﺘﻨﻤﺮﯾﻦ‬، ‫اﻟﻘﻮادﯾﻦ‬
‫ ھﺆﻻء اﻷﺷﺨﺎص ﻣﻔﯿﺪون‬.‫ وﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ ﯾﻔﺘﺮس أوﻟﺌﻚ اﻟﺬﯾﻦ ﯾﻔﻌﻠﻮن ذﻟﻚ‬، ‫ﻋﻦ اﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬
‫ واﻟﺬﯾﻦ‬، ‫ ﻷﻧﮭﻢ ﯾﻜﺮھﻮن اﻷﺷﺨﺎص اﻷذﻛﯿﺎء واﻷﻛﻔﺎء وﯾﻐﺎرون ﻣﻨﮭﻢ‬، ‫ﺟًﺪا ﻟﻚ‬
‫ ﯾﻤﻜﻨﻚ اﺳﺘﺨﺪاﻣﮭﺎ ﻟﺘﺮھﯿﺐ وﺿﺮب ﺧﺼﻮﻣﻚ ﻣﻦ ﺑﯿﻦ‬.‫ﯾﻤﺜﻠﻮن ﺧﻄﺮك اﻟﺮﺋﯿﺴﻲ‬
‫ھﺆﻻء‬.
To achieve quick results, make full use of radio-vans: send them around the
town and countryside, each with its hoarse voiced announcer shricking your
slogans in an urgent, excited voice. Intelligent people will think it is a
running dog. fight and not even look out of the window, butthe mass of the
people will be drawn. Use the radio too: have gramophone records of people
shouting short slogans in chorus; have songs with easily remembered words
and tunes which the children will pick up" and sing in the streets; and have
these songs and slogans repeated at least once an hour on the radio.

‫ أرﺳﻠﮭﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺟﻤﯿﻊ أﻧﺤﺎء اﻟﻤﺪﯾﻨﺔ‬:‫ اﺳﺘﻔﺪ ﺗﻤﺎًﻣﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺮﺑﺎت اﻟﺮادﯾﻮ‬، ‫ﻟﺘﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﺳﺮﯾﻌﺔ‬
‫ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻨﮭﺎ ﺑﻤﺬﯾﻌﮭﺎ ﺑﺼﻮت أﺟﺶ ﯾﮭﺘﻒ ﺷﻌﺎراﺗﻚ ﺑﺼﻮت ﻋﺎﺟﻞ ﻣﺘﺤﻤﺲ‬، ‫واﻟﺮﯾﻒ‬.
‫ ﻟﻜﻦ ﻛﺘﻠﺔ اﻟﺸﻌﺐ‬، ‫ ﻗﺘﺎل وﻻ ﺗﻨﻈﺮ ﺣﺘﻰ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﺎﻓﺬة‬.‫ﺳﯿﻌﺘﻘﺪ اﻷذﻛﯿﺎء أﻧﮫ ﻛﻠﺐ ﯾﺮﻛﺾ‬
‫ ﻟﺪﯾﻚ ﺗﺴﺠﯿﻼت اﻟﺤﺎﻛﻲ ﻷﺷﺨﺎص ﯾﺮددون ﺷﻌﺎرات‬:‫ﻀﺎ‬ ً ‫ اﺳﺘﺨﺪم اﻟﺮادﯾﻮ أﯾ‬.‫ﺳﺘﻨﺠﺬب‬
‫ن ذات ﻛﻠﻤﺎت وأﻟﺤﺎن ﯾﺴﮭﻞ ﺗﺬﻛﺮھﺎ وﯾﻠﺘﻘﻄﮭﺎ‬ ٍ ‫ﻗﺼﯿﺮة ﻓﻲ اﻟﺠﻮﻗﺔ ؛ اﺣﺼﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ أﻏﺎ‬
‫اﻷطﻔﺎل "وﯾﻐﻨﻮﻧﮭﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺸﻮارع ؛ وﺗﺮدد ھﺬه اﻷﻏﺎﻧﻲ واﻟﺸﻌﺎرات ﻣﺮة واﺣﺪة ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫اﻷﻗﻞ ﻛﻞ ﺳﺎﻋﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺮادﯾﻮ‬.

Organize mammoth rallies: be sure to provide the masses with free transport,
free flags and banners and free refreshments (they themselves pay in the end,
because the money comes from the public treasury, but they will think they are
getting something for nothing, and come along for the ride and the
refreshments).

‫ ﺗﺄﻛﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺗﺰوﯾﺪ اﻟﺠﻤﺎھﯿﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻘﻞ اﻟﻤﺠﺎﻧﻲ واﻷﻋﻼم‬:‫ﺗﻨﻈﯿﻢ ﻣﺴﯿﺮات ﺿﺨﻤﺔ‬

‫ واﻟﻼﻓﺘﺎت اﻟﻤﺠﺎﻧﯿﺔ واﻟﻤﺮطﺒﺎت اﻟﻤﺠﺎﻧﯿﺔ )ﯾﺪﻓﻌﻮن ھﻢ أﻧﻔﺴﮭﻢ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻨﮭﺎﯾﺔ‬،
‫ ﻟﻜﻨﮭﻢ ﯾﻌﺘﻘﺪون أﻧﮭﻢ ﯾﺤﺼﻠﻮن ﻋﻠﻰ‬، ‫ﻷن اﻷﻣﻮال ﺗﺄﺗﻲ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺨﺰاﻧﺔ اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ‬
‫ و ﺗﻌﺎل ﻟﻠﺮﻛﻮب واﻟﻤﺮطﺒﺎت‬، ‫)ﺷﻲء ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﻻ ﺷﻲء‬.

Make violent, emotional speeches (remember that it is not to the

people's reason but to their emotions that you are appealing; avoid
reason: it is a dangerous, double-edged weapon." and can often get you
mixed up with the truth, which is something you must avoid like the
plague*).
‫ﻖ ﺧﻄﺎﺑﺎت ﻋﻨﯿﻔﺔ وﻋﺎطﻔﯿﺔ )ﺗﺬﻛﺮ أﻧﮫ ﻟﯿﺲ ﺳﺒًﺒﺎ ﻟﻠﻨﺎس‬
ِ ‫أﻟ‬
‫ إﻧﮫ‬:‫وﻟﻜﻦ ﻟﻌﻮاطﻔﮭﻢ ھﻲ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺠﺬﺑﮭﻢ ؛ ﺗﺠﻨﺐ اﻟﺴﺒﺐ‬
‫ "وﻏﺎﻟًﺒﺎ ﻣﺎ ﺗﺠﻌﻠﻚ ﺗﺨﺘﻠﻂ‬.‫ﺳﻼح ﺧﻄﯿﺮ ذو ﺣﺪﯾﻦ‬
‫ واﻟﺘﻲ ﺷﻲء ﯾﺠﺐ ﺗﺠﻨﺒﮫ ﻣﺜﻞ اﻟﻄﺎﻋﻮن‬، ‫)* ﺑﺎﻟﺤﻘﯿﻘﺔ‬.
Fill all the newspapers with your lies: it doesn't matter very much
whether they are credible or not; you will gradually build up an
atmosphere of belief* by sheer repetition. But to do this, you must
suppress all opposition. Newspapers that tell the truth about you must
be banned as traitors to the people. Individuals who speak up against
you must be imprisoned (if you have not yet got enough power to do
ibis without trial, frame them: accuse them of corrupt practices, or of
immorality, or anything else. You will be able to appoint plenty of
'witnesses' from among the parasites who support you). If you fail to
get them imprisoned, see that some of your parasites beat them up so
severely that they are unable to oppose you further. It will be excused
by the public as a playful excess of zeal* in the cause of the people'.

‫ ﻻ ﯾﮭﻢ ﻣﺎ إذا ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ذات ﻣﺼﺪاﻗﯿﺔ أم ﻻ ؛ ﺳﺘﻨﺸﺊ ﺗﺪرﯾﺠًﯿﺎ‬:‫اﻣﻸ ﻛﻞ اﻟﺼﺤﻒ ﺑﺄﻛﺎذﯾﺒﻚ‬

‫ ﯾﺠﺐ ﻋﻠﯿﻚ ﻗﻤﻊ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻌﺎرﺿﺔ‬، ‫ ﻟﻜﻦ ﻟﻠﻘﯿﺎم ﺑﺬﻟﻚ‬.‫ﺟًﻮا ﻣﻦ اﻹﯾﻤﺎن * ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻜﺮار اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻖ‬.
‫ ﯾﺠﺐ أن ُﯾﺴﺠﻦ اﻷﻓﺮاد‬.‫ﯾﺠﺐ ﻣﻨﻊ اﻟﺼﺤﻒ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻘﻮل اﻟﺤﻘﯿﻘﺔ ﻋﻨﻚ ﻛﺨﻮﻧﺔ ﻟﻠﺸﻌﺐ‬
‫اﻟﺬﯾﻦ ﯾﺘﺤﺪﺛﻮن ﺿﺪك )إذا ﻟﻢ ﯾﻜﻦ ﻟﺪﯾﻚ ﺣﺘﻰ اﻵن اﻟﻘﻮة اﻟﻜﺎﻓﯿﺔ ﻟﻌﻤﻞ أﺑﻮ ﻣﻨﺠﻞ دون‬
‫ ﺳﺘﻜﻮن‬.‫ اﺗﮭﻤﮭﻢ ﺑﻤﻤﺎرﺳﺎت ﻓﺎﺳﺪة أو ﺑﺎﻟﻔﺴﺎد أو أي ﺷﻲء آﺧﺮ‬:‫ ﻓﻘﻢ ﺑﺘﺄطﯿﺮھﻢ‬، ‫ﻣﺤﺎﻛﻤﺔ‬
‫ إذا ﻓﺸﻠﺖ ﻓﻲ ﺳﺠﻨﮭﻢ‬.(‫ﻗﺎدًرا ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ اﻟﻜﺜﯿﺮ ﻣﻦ " ﺷﮭﻮد ﻣﻦ اﻟﻄﻔﯿﻠﯿﺎت اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺪﻋﻤﻚ‬
، ‫ﻻﺣﻆ أن ﺑﻌﺾ طﻔﯿﻠﯿﺎﺗﻚ ﺗﻀﺮﺑﮭﻢ ﺑﺸﺪة ﻟﺪرﺟﺔ أﻧﮭﻢ ﻏﯿﺮ ﻗﺎدرﯾﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻮاﺟﮭﺘﻚ‬
‫ ﺳﻮف ﯾﻌﻔﻰ اﻟﺠﻤﮭﻮر ﻋﻠﻰ أﻧﮫ إﻓﺮاط ﻣﺮﻋﺐ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺤﻤﺎﺳﺔ * ﻓﻲ ﻗﻀﯿﺔ اﻟﻨﺎس‬.‫أﻛﺜﺮ‬.

Always speak in the sacred name of 'the people'. No one will be able
to prove that you do not in fact represent them, because the idea that
'the people have a voice is a myth. Provided you control the army
(which, as you know, means having the generals and colonels in
your pocket*) you are 'the voice of the people', and woe to* any of
these people' who challenge you. It will be easy for you to prove'
that they are traitors to the people' (i.e. to themselves), that they are
in the pay of foreign countries (they must be if they oppose you!)
and that you are protecting the people ' against them.

‫ ﻟﻦ ﯾﺘﻤﻜﻦ أي ﺷﺨﺺ ﻣﻦ إﺛﺒﺎت أﻧﻚ ﻻ‬."‫ﺗﺤﺪث داﺋًﻤﺎ ﺑﺎﺳﻢ ﻣﻘﺪس "اﻟﺸﻌﺐ‬

‫ ﺷﺮﯾﻄﺔ أن‬.‫ ﻷن ﻓﻜﺮة أن "اﻟﻨﺎس ﻟﺪﯾﮭﻢ ﺻﻮت ھﻲ ﺧﺮاﻓﺔ‬، ‫ﺗﻤﺜﻠﮭﻢ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻮاﻗﻊ‬
‫ ﯾﻌﻨﻲ وﺟﻮد اﻟﺠﻨﺮاﻻت واﻟﻌﻘﯿﺪ ﻓﻲ ﺟﯿﺒﻚ‬، ‫ ﻛﻤﺎ ﺗﻌﻠﻢ‬، ‫ﺗﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺠﯿﺶ )واﻟﺬي‬
*( ‫ ووﯾﻞ ﻷي ﻣﻦ ھﺆﻻء اﻷﺷﺨﺎص اﻟﺬﯾﻦ ﯾﺘﺤﺪوﻧﻚ‬، "‫ﻓﺄﻧﺖ "ﺻﻮت اﻟﺸﻌﺐ‬.
‫ وأﻧﮭﻢ‬، (‫ﺳﯿﻜﻮن ﻣﻦ اﻟﺴﮭﻞ ﻋﻠﯿﻚ أن ﺗﺜﺒﺖ "أﻧﮭﻢ ﺧﻮﻧﺔ ﻟﻠﺸﻌﺐ" )أي ﻷﻧﻔﺴﮭﻢ‬
‫ﻻ ﻟﺪول أﺟﻨﺒﯿﺔ )ﯾﺠﺐ أن ﯾﻜﻮﻧﻮا ﻛﺬﻟﻚ إذا ﻛﺎﻧﻮا ﯾﻌﺎرﺿﻮﻧﻚ!( وأﻧﻚ‬
ً ‫ﯾﺪﻓﻌﻮن أﻣﻮا‬
‫ﺗﺤﻤﻲ اﻟﻨﺎس " ﺿﺪھﻢ‬.
Take a few lessons in arithmetic (the amount you need to know will not be difficult to
acquire): then you will know how to multiply a group of twenty students demonstrating
outside a foreign embassy by ten, or perhaps a hundred, in the newspapers and on the radio.
'A mob of 2,000 students staged a spontaneous demonstration against – outside the Embassy
yesterday morning' sounds much better than twenty "professional” students paid by the
government and provided with military transport and rations demonstrated etc.'. Incidentally,
a narrowlens camera is invaluable for photographs of such 'mobs', because it is then possible
to take a solid mass of people, however few, and make it look as if they are only a small part
of a crowd. Also, if the photographs purport, for example, to show students, see that they are
slightly blurred so that inquisitive people cannot see that they are far too old and far too
moronic-looking to be genuine students.

‫(ﺧﺬ ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﺪروس ﻓﻲ اﻟﺤﺴﺎب )اﻟﻤﺒﻠﻎ اﻟﺬي ﺗﺤﺘﺎج إﻟﻰ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺘﮫ ﻟﻦ ﯾﻜﻮن ﻣﻦ اﻟﺼﻌﺐ اﻟﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﻠﯿﮫ‬:
‫ أو رﺑﻤﺎ‬، ‫ﻋﻨﺪھﺎ ﺳﺘﻌﺮف ﻛﯿﻔﯿﺔ ﺿﺮب ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺸﺮﯾﻦ طﺎﻟًﺒﺎ ﯾﺘﻈﺎھﺮون ﺧﺎرج ﺳﻔﺎرة أﺟﻨﺒﯿﺔ ﺑﻌﺸﺮة‬
‫ طﺎﻟﺐ ﻧﻈﻤﺖ ﻣﻈﺎھﺮة ﻋﻔﻮﯾﺔ ﺿﺪ‬2000 ‫ ﯾﺒﺪو أن "ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ‬.‫ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺼﺤﻒ و ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺮادﯾﻮ‬، ‫ ﻣﺎﺋﺔ‬-
‫ﺧﺎرج اﻟﺴﻔﺎرة ﺻﺒﺎح أﻣﺲ" ﺗﺒﺪو أﻓﻀﻞ ﺑﻜﺜﯿﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺸﺮﯾﻦ طﺎﻟًﺒﺎ "ﻣﺤﺘﺮًﻓﺎ" ﺗﺪﻓﻊ ﻟﮭﻢ اﻟﺤﻜﻮﻣﺔ وﺗﺰودھﻢ‬
‫ ﻓﺈن اﻟﻜﺎﻣﯿﺮا ذات اﻟﻌﺪﺳﺔ اﻟﻀﯿﻘﺔ‬، ‫ "وﺑﺎﻟﻤﻨﺎﺳﺒﺔ‬.‫ﺑﻮﺳﺎﺋﻞ اﻟﻨﻘﻞ اﻟﻌﺴﻜﺮﯾﺔ وﺣﺼﺺ اﻹﻋﺎﺷﺔ وﻣﺎ إﻟﻰ ذﻟﻚ‬
‫ ﻷﻧﮫ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻤﻜﻦ ﺣﯿﻨﺌٍﺬ اﻟﺘﻘﺎط ﻛﺘﻠﺔ ﺻﻠﺒﺔ ﻣﻦ‬، "‫ﻻ ﺗﻘﺪر ﺑﺜﻤﻦ ﻟﻠﺼﻮر اﻟﻔﻮﺗﻮﻏﺮاﻓﯿﺔ ﻟﻤﺜﻞ ھﺆﻻء "اﻟﻐﻮﻏﺎء‬
‫ إذا ﻛﺎﻧﺖ‬، ‫ﻀﺎ‬
ً ‫ وأﯾ‬.‫ وﺟﻌﻠﮭﺎ ﺗﺒﺪو ﻛﻤﺎ ﻟﻮ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻣﺠﺮد ﺟﺰء ﺻﻐﯿﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺤﺸﺪ‬، ‫ ﻣﮭﻤﺎ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻗﻠﺔ‬، ‫اﻟﻨﺎس‬
‫ﻼ ﺣﺘﻰ ﻻ ﯾﺘﻤﻜﻦ‬ ً ‫ ﺗﺄﻛﺪ ﻣﻦ أﻧﮭﻢ ﻏﯿﺮ واﺿﺤﯿﻦ ﻗﻠﯿ‬، ‫ ﻹظﮭﺎر اﻟﻄﻼب‬، ‫ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺒﯿﻞ اﻟﻤﺜﺎل‬، ‫اﻟﺼﻮر ﺗﺪﻋﻲ‬
‫اﻷﺷﺨﺎص اﻟﻔﻀﻮﻟﯿﻮن ﻣﻦ رؤﯾﺔ أﻧﮭﻢ ﻛﺒﺎر اﻟﺴﻦ ﺟًﺪا وأﻧﮭﻢ ﯾﺘﻄﻠﻌﻮن إﻟﻰ اﻟﻐﺒﺎء ﺟًﺪا ﻟﯿﻜﻮﻧﻮا طﻼًﺑﺎ‬
‫ﺣﻘﯿﻘﯿﯿﻦ‬.

Be careful about making speeches to University students: unless you have already
managed to make University entry dependent on membership of your party, you
will find that a considerable number of students are intelligent and will not be
able to swallow your usual line oftalk. This means that you will have to use your
brain for once. If (as is probable) you are not confident of your ability to do this,
don't make speeches to University students: attack the problem in a different way,
e.g. by seeing that students who are too intelligent for your purposes fail to pass
their examinations and thus have to leave the University.

‫ ﻣﺎ ﻟﻢ ﺗﻜﻦ ﻗﺪ ﺗﻤﻜﻨﺖ ﺑﺎﻟﻔﻌﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺟﻌﻞ‬:‫ﻛﻦ ﺣﺬًرا ﺑﺸﺄن إﻟﻘﺎء اﻟﺨﻄﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ طﻼب اﻟﺠﺎﻣﻌﺔ‬
‫ ﻓﺴﺘﺠﺪ أن ﻋﺪًدا ﻛﺒﯿًﺮا ﻣﻦ اﻟﻄﻼب أذﻛﯿﺎء وﻟﻦ‬، ‫دﺧﻮل اﻟﺠﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﯾﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﻀﻮﯾﺔ ﺣﺰﺑﻚ‬
‫ ھﺬا ﯾﻌﻨﻲ أﻧﮫ ﺳﯿﺘﻌﯿﻦ ﻋﻠﯿﻚ اﺳﺘﺨﺪام ﻋﻘﻠﻚ‬.‫ﯾﻜﻮﻧﻮا ﻗﺎدرﯾﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ اﺑﺘﻼع ﺧﻂ ﺣﺪﯾﺜﻚ اﻟﻤﻌﺘﺎد‬
‫ ﻓﻼ ﺗﺨﺎطﺐ‬، ‫ إذا )ﻛﻤﺎ ھﻮ ﻣﺤﺘﻤﻞ( ﻟﻢ ﺗﻜﻦ واﺛًﻘﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺪرﺗﻚ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻘﯿﺎم ﺑﺬﻟﻚ‬.‫ﻟﻤﺮة واﺣﺪة‬
‫ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل رؤﯾﺔ‬.‫ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺒﯿﻞ اﻟﻤﺜﺎل‬، ‫ ھﺎﺟﻢ اﻟﻤﺸﻜﻠﺔ ﺑﻄﺮﯾﻘﺔ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬:‫طﻼب اﻟﺠﺎﻣﻌﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻄﻼب اﻷذﻛﯿﺎء ﻟﻠﻐﺎﯾﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﺘﺤﻘﯿﻖ أھﺪاﻓﻚ ﯾﻔﺸﻠﻮن ﻓﻲ اﺟﺘﯿﺎز اﻣﺘﺤﺎﻧﺎﺗﮭﻢ وﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‬
‫ﯾﺘﻌﯿﻦ ﻋﻠﯿﮭﻢ ﻣﻐﺎدرة اﻟﺠﺎﻣﻌﺔ‬.
Become an expert in double-talk by reading the speeches and writings of famous and
successful propagandists. Language is a wonderfully imprecise tool, so that it is quite
possible for you to claim that you are building up your country when you are in fact
ruining it; or to make yourself out to be a great champion of liberty and independence
while you are crushing the liberty of your people and the independence of minorities in
your country. You can rant about respect for the sovereign rights of a nation (your own,
of course) while at the same time encroaching on the rights of neighbours. There is a
vast and profitable field for you in such doubletalk. It can get you out of any corner.*
For instance, if your people are starving because you refuse foreign aid in building up
industries in your country, nothing is easier than to blame the food-shortage on foreign
interference.

‫ﻛﻦ ﺧﺒﯿًﺮا ﻓﻲ اﻟﺤﺪﯾﺚ اﻟﻤﺰدوج ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل ﻗﺮاءة ﺧﻄﺐ وﻛﺘﺎﺑﺎت اﻟﺪﻋﺎة‬

‫ ﻟﺬا ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻤﻜﻦ ﺗﻤﺎًﻣﺎ‬، ‫ اﻟﻠﻐﺔ أداة ﻏﯿﺮ دﻗﯿﻘﺔ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ راﺋﻊ‬.‫اﻟﻤﺸﮭﻮرﯾﻦ واﻟﻨﺎﺟﺤﯿﻦ‬
‫أن ﺗﺪﻋﻲ أﻧﻚ ﺗﺒﻨﻲ ﺑﻠﺪك ﺑﯿﻨﻤﺎ أﻧﺖ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻮاﻗﻊ ﺗﺪﻣﺮه ؛ أو ﺗﺠﻌﻞ ﻧﻔﺴﻚ ﻧﺼﯿًﺮا‬
‫ﻋﻈﯿًﻤﺎ ﻟﻠﺤﺮﯾﺔ واﻻﺳﺘﻘﻼل ﺑﯿﻨﻤﺎ ﺗﻘﻮم ﺑﺴﺤﻖ ﺣﺮﯾﺔ ﺷﻌﺒﻚ واﺳﺘﻘﻼل اﻷﻗﻠﯿﺎت ﻓﻲ‬
‫ ﺑﺎﻟﻄﺒﻊ( ﺑﯿﻨﻤﺎ‬، ‫ ﯾﻤﻜﻨﻚ اﻟﺼﺮاخ ﺣﻮل اﺣﺘﺮام اﻟﺤﻘﻮق اﻟﺴﯿﺎدﯾﺔ ﻷﻣﺔ )ﺑﻠﺪك‬.‫ﺑﻠﺪك‬
‫ ھﻨﺎك ﻣﺠﺎل واﺳﻊ وﻣﺮﺑﺢ ﻟﻚ ﻓﻲ‬.‫ﺗﺘﻌﺪى ﻓﻲ ﻧﻔﺲ اﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﻘﻮق اﻟﺠﯿﺮان‬
‫ * ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺒﯿﻞ اﻟﻤﺜﺎل‬.‫ ﯾﻤﻜﻦ أن ﺗﺨﺮﺟﻚ ﻣﻦ أي زاوﯾﺔ‬.‫ﻣﺜﻞ ھﺬا اﻟﺤﺪﯾﺚ اﻟﻤﺰدوج‬
، ‫إذا ﻛﺎن ﺷﻌﺒﻚ ﯾﺘﻀﻮر ﺟﻮﻋًﺎ ﻷﻧﻚ ﺗﺮﻓﺾ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪات اﻟﺨﺎرﺟﯿﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺑﻨﺎء‬
‫ ﻓﻼ ﺷﻲء أﺳﮭﻞ ﻣﻦ إﻟﻘﺎء اﻟﻠﻮم ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻘﺺ اﻟﻐﺬاء ﻋﻠﻰ‬، ‫اﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﺎت ﻓﻲ ﺑﻠﺪك‬
‫اﻟﺘﺪﺧﻞ اﻷﺟﻨﺒﻲ‬.

Be bold and self-confident! Don't pay any heed to people who warn you
against rashness and recklessness! If you know how to play the
propaganda game, you are safe! But remember: the truth is disastrous.
Once the white light of truth shines into your hates and your slogans,
beware!
‫ﺗﺤﻠﻰ ﺑﺎﻟﺠﺮأة واﻟﺜﻘﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻔﺲ! ﻻ ﺗﻠﺘﻔﺖ ﻟﻤﻦ ﯾﺤﺬر ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﺴﺮع واﻟﺘﮭﻮر! إذا‬
‫ اﻟﺤﻘﯿﻘﺔ‬:‫ ﻓﺄﻧﺖ ﺑﺄﻣﺎن! ﻟﻜﻦ ﺗﺬﻛﺮ‬، ‫ﻛﻨﺖ ﺗﻌﺮف ﻛﯿﻒ ﺗﻠﻌﺐ ﻟﻌﺒﺔ اﻟﺪﻋﺎﯾﺔ‬
‫ ﺑﻤﺠﺮد أن ﯾﺴﻄﻊ ﻧﻮر اﻟﺤﻘﯿﻘﺔ اﻷﺑﯿﺾ ﻓﻲ ﻛﺮاھﯿﺘﻚ وﺷﻌﺎراﺗﻚ‬.‫ ﻛﺎرﺛﯿﺔ‬،
‫!اﺣﺬر‬

(About 1,250 words)

 QUESTIONS
1. The following words and phrases are printed above in italic. Give for
each another expression of similar meaning to that in which it is found in
the passage.
Technique slogans purport
observe mammoth moronic-looking
formulas public treasury double-talk
involves suppress imprecise
enlist frame encroaching on

2. Ten words and phrases are printed above in heavy type.

Here they are, each with another word opposite it. How would the
meaning be changed if the word or phrase on the left was replaced by
that opposite it on the right?
acquire get a myth untrue
binding restricting spontaneous sudden
preys on hunts blurred dirty
intimidate startle swallow understand
credible believed rant shout

3. Explain the meaning of the following phrases, marked * above: by no

means; to such an extent; put it over; mentally subnormal; pick up;
double-edged weapon; like the plague; an atmosphere of belief; a playful
excess of zeal; having ... in your pocket; woe to; get you out of any
corner.
4. Give brief answers to the following questions, using your own words
as much as possible.

(a) What do (i) parasites and (ii) propagandists have to gain by

cooperating with each other?
(b) Why is the truth dangerous to the propagandist?
(c) What measures can the propagandist take to protect himself against
the truth?
(d) How can the propagandist use photographs to aid him?
(e) How can it sometimes come about that some students are too
intelligent to pass their examinations?
5. In this piece, the writer mentions double-talk in his last paragraph but
one and gives examples of it. The rest of the piece is, however, full of
examples of such double-talk. List them.
6. This piece is itself propaganda. Give examples of exaggerations and
distortions used by the writer to support his arguments.
7. The writer of the above piece pretends to be giving useful advice to
propagandists who have no conscience. In what ways does he show that
he is really against such propagandists?