UNIT 8: OUR WORLD HERITAGE SITES

A. THEORY REVIEW
I. Wordlist
Word IPA Vietnamese translation

1. abundant (adj) /əˈbʌndənt/ dồi dào, nhiều

2. acknowledge (v) /əkˈnɒlɪdʒ/ chấp nhận, công nhận, thừa
nhận

3. archaeological (adj) /ˌɑːkiəˈlɒdʒɪkl/ thuộc về khảo cổ học

4. authentic (adj) /ɔːˈθentɪk/ thật, thực

5. breathtaking (adj) /ˈbreθteɪkɪŋ/ đẹp đến ngỡ ngàng

6. bury (v) /ˈberi/ chôn vùi, giấu trong lòng đất

7. cave (n) /keɪv/ hang động

8. citadel (n) /ˈsɪtədəl/ thành trì (để bảo vệ khỏi bị tấn
công)

9. complex (n) /ˈkɒmpleks/ quẩn thể, tổ hợp

10. comprise (v) /kəmˈpraɪz/ bao gổm, gổm

11. cruise (n) /kruːz/ chuyến du ngoạn trên biển

12. cuisine (n) /kwɪˈziːn/ cách thức chế biến thức ăn, nấu
nướng

13. demolish (v) /dɪˈmɒlɪʃ/ đổ sập, đánh sập

14. dynasty (n) /ˈdɪnəsti/ triểu đại

15. emerge (v) /iˈmɜːdʒ/ trồi lên, nổi lên

16. emperor (n) /ˈempərə(r)/ đế vương, nhà vua
17. excavation (n) /ˌekskəˈveɪʃn/ việc khai quật

18. fauna (n) /ˈfɔːnə/ hệ động vật

19. flora (n) /ˈflɔːrə/ hệ thực vật

20. geological (adj) /ˌdʒiːəˈlɒdʒɪkl/ thuộc về địa chất

21. grotto (n) /ˈɡrɒtəʊ/ hang

22. heritage (n) /ˈherɪtɪdʒ/ di sản

23. imperial (adj) /ɪmˈpɪəriəl/ thuộc về hoàng tộc

24. in ruins (idiom)/ /ˈruːɪn/ bị phá hủy, đổ nát

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 25. intact (adj) /ɪnˈtækt/ nguyên vẹn, không bị hư tổn

26. irresponsible (adj) /ˌɪrɪˈspɒnsəbl/ thiếu trách nhiệm, vô trách

nhiệm
27. landscape (n) /ˈlændskeɪp/ phong cảnh ( thiên nhiên)

28. limestone (n) /ˈlaɪmstəʊn/ đá vôi

29. magnificent (adj) /mæɡˈnɪfɪsnt/ tuyệt đẹp
30. mausoleum (n) /ˌmɔːsəˈliːəm/ lăng mộ

31. outstanding (adj) /aʊtˈstændɪŋ/ nổi bật, xuất chúng

32. picturesque (adj) /ˌpɪktʃəˈresk/ đẹp theo kiểu cổ kính

33. preserve (v) /prɪˈzɜːv/ bảo tồn

 preservation (n) /ˌprezəˈveɪʃn/

34. relic (n) /ˈrelɪk/ cổ vật

35. respectively (adv) /rɪˈspektɪvli/ theo thứ tự lần lượt

36. sanctuary (n) /ˈsæŋktʃuəri/ thánh địa, địa điểm thẩn thánh
37. subsequent (adj) /ˈsʌbsɪkwənt/ tiếp theo, kế tiếp
38. worship (v) /ˈwɜːʃɪp/ thờ cúng, tôn thờ

39. scenic (adj) /ˈsiːnɪk/ có cảnh quan đẹp

II. Grammar:
2.1. Participle clauses
 We can reduce a defining relative clause so that it begins with a present participle (-ing), past
participle (-ed), or to-infinitive.
o I started using an old camera belonging to my father.
o The food in photographs used to illustrate cookbooks and magazine articles isn’t always entirely
authentic.
o And then we put in some material to substitute for the food.
 -ing clauses correspond to defining relative clauses with an active verb, and -ed clauses correspond
to defining relative clauses with a passive verb:
o The editor working on the cookbook or magazine is often there, too.
(= The editor who is working ...)
o A challenge facing food photographers is how to keep food looking fresh.
(= A challenge which faces ...)
o The big problem is the heat produced by the lights.
(= ... the heat that is produced ...)
o Personally, I prefer food not made of cardboard!

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 o (= ...food which is not made of cardboard!)
 Verbs which are not normally used in continuous forms may be used in reduced relative -ing clauses.
o This spray bottle contains glycerine mixed with water, (not... is containing...)
However, we can say:
o I generally have with me a spray bottle containing glycerine and water.
Other verbs like this include belong to, comprise, consist of, constitute, equal, own, possess,
resemble, result from, surround.
It is not always possible to use a reduced form of a relative clause.
 We can’t use a reduced form when the first verb in the relative clause is a modal verb:
o A technique that might be used in photographing meat is to use a glycerine spray.
o Food that can’t be frozen is particularly difficult to photograph.
 We can’t use an -ing reduced form when we talk about a single, completed action. Compare:
o Sometimes the chef who created the dish in their restaurant comes to the studio. (not .... the chef
creating the dish...)
o The chef preparing the food today works in a well-known restaurant
(= The chef who is preparing the food today ...)
 Reduced relative clauses can also be used instead of non-defining relative clauses, particularly in
written English:
o Her photographs, taken in her studio in California ...
(= ... which were taken in her studio in California ...)
o My parents - not having much money - rarely took us to restaurants.
(= ... who didn’t have much money ...)
These are usually written between commas (,) or dashes (-).
2.2. To infinitive clauses
We often use a to-infinitive clause instead of a relative clause after:
 a superlative + noun (phrase):
o I was the youngest person in the competition to win any of the major categories.
 the first/second, etc. + noun (phrase):
o She was really the first person to encourage me to take up food photography.
 the only / the next / the last / another / one + noun (phrase):
o By the time we photograph the food, it’s completely cold. The only thing to do in that case is to
create steam from elsewhere.
Often, we can use an active or passive to-infinitive clause with little difference in meaning:
The only thing to do in that case is to create steam from elsewhere or The only thing to be done ...
2.3. Adjective phrases
 Adjectives and adjective phrases can be used after nouns with a meaning similar to a relative clause.
Often the adjective is followed by a to-infinitive or preposition, or used with an adverb:
o It was easy to find a photographer willing to take an assistant for no pay! (= ... a photographer
who was willing to take an assistant for no pay!)
o It’s a job difficult for even a skilled photographer. (= ... a job which is difficult for even a skilled
photographer.) Glycerine’s a liquid, completely colourless, that’s often used to sweeten food.
(= ... a liquid which is completely colourless...)

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 A few adjectives (e.g. affected, available, present) can be used alone after a noun with a meaning
similar to a relative clause:
o We use cardboard or any other material available, or... material which is available.
2.4. Prepositional phrases
 We can give additional information about a thing or person using a prepositional phrase. Often these
have a meaning similar to a relative clause:
o The vegetables around that succulent piece of meat could be made from plastic. (= The
vegetables which are around...)

B. PRACTICE
PART 1: ELEMENTARY & PRE-INTERMEDIATE LEVELS
Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the word whose underlined part differs from the other three
in pronunciation in each of the following questions.
1. A. dynasty B. intact C. citadel D. royal
2. A. achievement B. technique C. archaeology D. scholar
3. A. itinerary B. abundant C. elegance D. landscape
4. A. tomb B. dome C. mosaic D. poetic
5. A. numerous B. luxury C. monument D. perfume
Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the word that differs from the other three in the position of
the primary stress in each of the following questions.
6. A. intact B. nightlife C. relic D. complex
7. A. picturesque B. dynasty C. emperor D. heritage
8. A. cultural B. heritage C. memory D. represent
9. A. magnificent B. harmonious C. mausoleum D. associate
10. A. religious B. masterpiece C. prestigious D. abundant
Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following question.
11. I’d like to book a room with a/an __________ of the sea.
A. outlook B. sight C. view D. scenery
12. When I’m on holiday, I enjoy __________.
A. getting sunburnt B. getting sunstroke C. having a sunbath D. sunbathing
13. The most popular destinations for __________ holidays are Spain, Italy, and Greece.
A. charter B. package C. packed D. packet
14. When you are staying at a popular resort, there are plenty of __________ to go on.
A. excursions B. expeditions C. pilgrimages D. sightseeing
15. One day when I’m rich and famous, I’m going to go on a round-the-world __________.
A. cruise B. sail C. travel D. trip
16. You can save money by choosing a __________ holiday.
A. do-it-yourself B. self-catering C. self-study D. survival
17. My favourite part of England is Cornwall. There’s some absolutely beautiful __________ there.
A. nature B. signs C. scenery D. views
18. There’s a pretty little fishing village __________.
A. by the sea B. on the sand C. on the beach D. by the shore

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19. There’s a path that __________ out of the village to a beautiful 14 th – century church.
A. follows B. moves C. takes D. leads
20. Costa Rica is one of the most beautiful places I have ever visited. Wherever you go, you can see
the __________ of volcanoes, some of which are still alive.
A. tops B. heads C. mouths D. ends
21. The beaches were absolutely __________. Sometimes we were the only two people there.
A. unspoilt B. deserted C. natural D. romantic
22. Sri Lanka has some fantastic beaches – miles after miles of golden sand and __________ water.
A. crystal clear B. crystal clean C. light blue D. navy blue
23. The travel agent wasn’t to __________ for the overbooking.
A. accuse B. charge C. blame D. claim
24. When I worked as a waiter, the hotel manager found __________ with everything I do.
A. blame B. complaint C. fault D. criticism
25. It can be quite busy here during the tourist __________.
A. period B. phase C. stage D. season
26. I always enjoy our school __________ to France.
A. excursion B. journey C. trip D. travel
27. Captain Cook discovered Australia on a __________ to the Pacific.
A. voyage B. journey C. travel D. tour
28. The sunset over Niagara Fall is really a magnificent __________.
A. look B. sign C. view D. sight
29. The hotel where we are __________ is quite luxurious.
A. staying B. existing C. remaining D. living
30. Passengers requiting a special meal during the flight should inform the airline in __________.
A. ahead B. advance C. front D. forward
31. We usually do go by train, even though the car __________ is a lot quicker.
A. travel B. trip C. voyage D. journey
32. The area near the palace gates was __________ with tourists.
A. full B. crowded C. flooded D. covered
33. From the top of the cathedral tower there are some spectacular __________ of the surrounding
countryside.
A. sights B. sites C. views D. scenery
34. She didn’t enjoy the Mediterranean __________ at all; she was seasick most of the time.
A. cruise B. tour C. voyage D. trip
35. Known as ‘Ha Long Bay on Land’, Trang An Scenic Landscape Complex is famous for its
mountains, caves, and archaeological __________.
A. excavations B. sites C. relics D. heritages
36. Eventually the __________ was overthrown, and the country became a republic.
A. family B. generation C. ancestor D. dynasty
37. The local people are very hospitable __________ strangers.
A. to B. with C. at D. for
38. __________ have discovered signs of human activity dating back almost 30,000 years.

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A. Archaeologists B. Biologists C. Sociologist D. Psychologists
39. My Son Sanctuary is a large __________ of religious relics comprising more than 70 architectural
works.
A. group B. complex C. pile D. part
40. The hotel restaurant is noted for its excellent__________.
A. accommodation B. cuisine C. price D. order
41. The best way __________ London is by taking a guided tour.
A. of which to see B. to see C. seeing D. in which you see
42 With its thousands of rocks and caves __________ out of the water, Ha Long Bay has won
international recognition.
A. emerge B. to emerge C. emerging D. being emerged
43. Hoi An Ancient Town is a well-preserved example of a Southeast Asian trading port __________
from the 15th to the 19th century.
A. to date B. dated C. that date D. dating
44. We can also see the stone dragons of Kinh Thien Palace and relics associated with many
Vietnamese royal families, __________ during archaeological excavations.
A. discovered B. being discovered C. to discover D. discovering
45. John F. Kennedy was the last US president __________.
A. to assassinate B. assassinated
C. assassinating D. to be assassinated
46. The Complex of Hue Monuments was the first site in Viet Nam __________ to the World Heritage
List.
A. adding B. to add C. to be added D. added
47. The archaeological excavation __________ to the discovery of the ancient city lasted serval years.
A. led B. leading C. to lead D. being led
48. Though __________ many centuries ago, the palace remains practically intact.
A. building B. to build C. built D. people built
49. I picked up some holiday brochures __________ around the table at the travel agency.
A. to lie B. lying C. to be lying D. being lying
50. Situated on Cam Khe Hill, Tomb of Ming Mang is one of the most interesting royal tombs
__________ in Hue.
A. to visit B. visited C. visiting D. being visited
51. You may choose one from the five World Heritage Sites in Viet Nam __________ in this leaflet to
visit on your next field trip.
A. includes B. including C. included D. to include
52. __________ UNESCO criteria for outstanding universal value to humanity, Trang An Scenic
Landscape Complex was assed to the World Heritage List in 2014.
A. Meeting B. Met C. To meet D. Having met
53. The most Magnificent feature of Taj Mahal __________ is the central dome.
A. noticed B. being noticed C. to notice D. noticing
54. Scientists __________ on the site found many ancient tools, tombs and pottery, and made some
important archaeological discoveries.
A. worked B. working C. to work D. to be working
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55. __________ with an average of 320 days of sunshine a year, the coastline offers the perfect
holiday destination for anyone __________ to switch off and unwind.
A. Blessed/ wanting B. Blessing/ wanting C. Blessed/ wants D. Blessing/ wanted
56. Southern Spain’s Costa del Sol, __________ from Nerja in the east to Manilva in the west, is one
of the most fascinating tourist areas in the world.
A. stretches B. stretching C. stretched D. being stretched
57. As well as its beautiful sun-soaked beaches and excellent gastronomy, the region boasts no fewer
than thirty golf courses, __________ amateurs and professionals alike with year-round golfing
opportunities.
A. provides B. provided C. providing D. is providing
58. The Saga Rose is a good-looking ship. __________ in 1965, she is highly regarded by marine
experts for her elegant lines.
A. Launching B. Was launched C. To launch D. Launched
59. I took up salsa, __________ by dance teacher, Thabo, who made us believe we were good enough
to perform in front of passengers and crew.
A. was inspired B. inspiring C. inspired D. was inspiring
60. The electromagnetic fields can also cause responses in the brain, __________ observers into
thinking they are seeing even more vivid impressions.
A. tricking B. tricks C. trick D. tricked
61. Henry VIII of England was the only king __________ six times.
A. to marry B. married C. was married D. marrying
62. Travellers are faced with a lot of destinations __________ from.
A. choosing B. choose C. to be choosing D. to choose
63. I think China will be the next country __________ the Olympic Games.
A. who host B. hosting C. to host D. hosted
64. At 24, William Pitt was the youngest person __________ Prime Minister.
A. becoming B. to become C. became D. was
become
65. Tourists __________ the train from London to Stratford have to change at Coventry.
A. take B. taking C. to take D. who takes
66. The capital city of Ecuador was the first city in the world __________ a World Heritage Site by
UNESCO.
A. to declare B. declared C. declaring D. to be declared
th
67. Trang An Scenic Landscape Complex is the 8 World Heritage in Viet Nam __________ by
UNESCO.
A. to be recognized B. to recognize C. recognizing D. recognized
68. The London Tower Bridge, __________ 244 metres long, is a World Heritage Site.
A. measure B. measured C. measuring D. is
measured
69. Scholars believe that there are still relics __________ under the tomb and awaiting to be
excavated.
A. burying B. buried C. are burying D. are buried

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70. __________ the email – supposedly from Boyd’s Bank – to be genuine, she was tricked into
disclosing her credit card details.
A. Believe B. Being believed C. To believe D. Believing
Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each of the
following questions.
71. Barbara A. has now written a successful B. biography though C. know D. mainly as a novel writer.
72. The book A. publishing last week B. is her C. first novel D. about a World Heritage.
73. Amy A. seems like a B. bright student. She’s always C. the first D. to be finished her work.
74. A. Annoying by the receptionist’s B. behaviour, they C. decided not to D. stay in that hotel.
75. A. Lived here for seven years, my friend volunteers B. to act C. as tour guide for us all on our D.
city break.
Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct response to each of the following exchanges.
76. “__________” – “I’d like to see a cultural one.”
A. Would you like to visit a natural or a cultural world heritage site?
B. Which site is worth visiting in Hue? The Citadel or the Royal Tombs?
C. Would you like to go to Tomb of Ming Mang or the Citadel of the Ho Dynasty?
D. Do you prefer seeing the Citadel of the Ho Dynasty or Tomb of Ming Mang?
77. “__________” – “Why don’t we thumb a lift?”
A. Where shall we stay? Can you recommend a good place in town?
B. How can we carry all this luggage by ourselves? It’s too heavy for us.
C. Poor us! We’ve spent a whole day on the road.
D. How are we going to get home? We haven’t got enough money for a taxi.
78. “__________” – “Glorious! Warm and sunny every day.”
A. What was the beach like? B. What was the weather like?
C. What was the hotel like? D. What were the people like?
79. “__________” – “Well, most of the citadel was demolished in the early 20 th century.”
A. Is it still intact or in ruins? B. Has it been pulled down?
C. Is it a significant geological site? D. What has happened to it?
80. “Why is Taj Mahal considered to be an outstanding work of art?” – “__________”
A. Because it was built by order of the Mughal emperor Shah Jahan in memory of his favourite wife.
B. Because legend has it that Shah Jahan made a promise to build his wife the most beautiful tomb
ever known.
C. As acknowledged by UNESCO, it represents the greatest architectural and artistic achievement of
Muslim art.
D. Because the Taj Mahal Complex, including the tomb, mosque, guest house, and main gate has
preserved the original qualities of the building.
PART 2: INTERMEDIATE & UPPER-INTERMEDIATE LEVELS
Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s)
in each of the following questions.
81. In addition to exploring the caves and grottos, and seeing its flora and fauna, visitors can also enjoy
mountain climbing.
A. flowers and plants B. plants and animals
C. plants and vegetation D. flowers and grass
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82. Ha Long Bay has attracted millions of visitors who come to enjoy its breathtaking views and
experience other activities.
A. unbreathable B. heartbreaking C. awe-inspiring D. unforgettable
th
83. Most of the Imperial Citadel of Thang Long was demolished in the early 20 century.
A. rebuilt B. pulled down C. put up D. pulled up
84. As visitors explore this magnificent place, there are always new surprises for them.
A. interesting B. strange C. impressive D. unusual
85. The mausoleum represents the greatest architectural and artistic achievement of Muslim art.
A. contains B. includes C. claims D. embodies
Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined
word(s) in each of the following questions.
86. Though built almost five hundred years ago, the church remained practically intact.
A. in perfection B. in ruins C. in chaos D. in completion
87. Tourists can do and see a lot in Ha Long Bay at a reasonable price.
A. inexpensive B. affordable C. cheap D. exorbitant
88. The major stone sections of the Citadel of the Ho Dynasty remain intact thanks to the unique
construction techniques.
A. special B. common C. excellent D. ancient
89. The Imperial Citadel of Thang Long was first built during the Ly Dynasty and then expanded by
subsequent dynasties.
A. following B. successive C. preceding D. next
90. Visitors with more abundant travel budgets can enjoy the comfort of five-star hotel and luxury
cruise ships.
A. huge B. plentiful C. mean D. tight
Complete the following sentences with the correct form of the words in brackets.
91. In 1805, King Gia Long requested the building of a new, smaller citadel called Ha Noi Citadel with
a new ___________ style. (architecture)
92. The Complex of Hue Monuments is a ___________ of many royal monuments from the Nguyen
Dynasty. (combine)
93. As for me, the Citadel of the Ho Dynasty is one of the most ___________ destinations in Viet Nam
because of its value. (attract)
94. Due to its special ___________ constitution, Ba Be Lake has very original and special features.
(geology)
95. The ___________ site in Con Moong Cave is also one of ___________ sites that contain the thickest
cultural layer Viet Nam at present, (excavate - archaeology)
96. Cat Ba Archipelago bears the ___________ natural values with its tropical forests which cover the
limestone system and the mangrove wetlands. (exception)
97. The Complex of Yen Tu Monuments and Landscape is a vivid illustration of human interaction with
the environment and traditional human permanent _____________. (settle)
98. Besides the historical value of geology, Phong Nha - Ke Bang is also favoured with the ___________
and majestic landscapes by nature. (mystery)
99. Management and ___________ in Hoi An are further strengthened through master planning and
action plans. (preserve)

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100. The architecture of Hoi An is a ___________ blend of Vietnamese, Chinese and Japanese
influences. (harmony)
Underline 10 relative clauses in this newspaper article (the first one has been done for you). Which
ones could be rewritten as reduced relative clauses?
Monitors to cut home electricity use.
Monitors which show the real-time cost of electricity use are to be provided free of charge to homes
across the UK in an effort to slow down climate change. Under the new government proposals, from
next year electricity suppliers will have to provide the devices - which have cut power use by up to 6.5%
in Canada - to all customers who want them. Domestic appliances which are left on unnecessarily are
estimated to waste £900 millions of electricity a year.
Traditional electricity meters are usually kept out of sight in cupboards. However, the monitors, which
use microchip technology and a digital display, are intended to be placed in full view as a constant
reminder of the electricity that is being used in a house at any given moment.
The Environment Secretary said: ‘People want to do their bit to help protect the environment as well as
save money, and visual display units that are provided free of charge will help people do both.’ A
spokeswoman for the Electricity Consumer Council said it supported any plan that would give customers
access to free monitors. The shadow environment secretary said: ‘Although it is an interesting and
welcome measure, there are still many details that should be considered, not least the reliability of these
meters.’
However, the Energy Retail Council has criticised the proposal, saying that it did not go far enough. In
a statement, their chief executive said: ‘We had hoped the government would recommend the
introduction of ‘smart meters’ - which communicate electricity consumption to both the customer and
the energy supplier - rather than meters that are only able to do half the job.’
Eg: which show the real-time cost of electricity (showing the real-time cost of electricity)
101. ___________________________________________________________________
102. ___________________________________________________________________
103. ___________________________________________________________________
104. ___________________________________________________________________
105. ___________________________________________________________________
106. ___________________________________________________________________
107. ___________________________________________________________________
108. ___________________________________________________________________
109. ___________________________________________________________________
110. ___________________________________________________________________
Complete each pair of sentences using a verb from the box. In (a) use a relative pronoun and a form
of the verb; in (b) use a reduced relative -ing or -ed form.
belong carry injure play not see want
Eg: a. People who want tickets for the cup final can expect to pay over 100 euros.
b. People wanting tickets for the cup final can expect to pay over 100 euros.
111. a. The Internet is bringing about a degree of cultural change ______ for centuries.
b. The Internet is bringing about a degree of cultural change ______ for centuries.
112. a. All the passengers ______ in the train crash have been released from hospital.
b. All the passengers ______ in the train crash have been released from hospital.
113. a. Our teacher, ______ a huge pile of textbooks, came. hurrying into the room.
b. Our teacher, ______ a huge pile of textbooks, came. hurrying into the room.
114. a. Some jewellery ______ to the Queen has been stolen from Buckingham Palace.

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b. Some jewellery ______ to the Queen has been stolen from Buckingham Palace.
115. a. The woman ______ the piano over there - is she your sister?
b. The woman ______ the piano over there - is she your sister?
Rewrite the sentences replacing the relative clauses with participle or to-infinitive clauses.
116. The man who’s talking to the policeman has just returned home from Paris.
 .........................................................................................................................
117. The novel which was bought by my sister is very interesting.
 .........................................................................................................................
118. The students who make noise in class will be punished.
 .........................................................................................................................
119. Passengers who travelled on this bus bought their tickets in books.
 .........................................................................................................................
120. Do you see the notice which warns people not to enter the military zone?
 .........................................................................................................................
121. The stairs which lead to the cellar are rather slippery.
 .........................................................................................................................
122. The Queen Elizabeth is the largest ship which has been built on the Clyde.
 .........................................................................................................................
123. You are the last person who saw her alive.
 .........................................................................................................................
124. The pilot was the only one who survived the air crash.
 .........................................................................................................................
125. Neil Armstrong was the first man who walked on the moon.
 .........................................................................................................................
Rewrite the sentences replacing the relative clauses with participle or to-infinitive clauses.
126. Cat Ba Archipelago bears the exceptional natural values with its tropical forests which cover the
limestone system and the mangrove wetlands.
_____________________________________________________________________________
127. On this area, there are many wildlife and plant species that have high economic values.
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
128. Trang An Scenic Landscape Complex is a mountainous area which is surrounded by a buffer zone
of paddy fields and villages.
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
129. The wooden block at Vinh Nghiem Pagoda in Bac Giang Province which represents Nom
characteristics has been selected as the international standard character for Nom texts.
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
130. Phong Nha - Ke Bang is the oldest and largest tropical limestone region which was formed about
400 million years ago.
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________

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131. Hoi An is a little port town with its old narrow streets which are bordered with old houses, pagodas,
temples and assembly halls.
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
132. The eighteen-meter Japanese Bridge, which was built by the donation of Japanese merchants, is the
symbol of Hoi An.
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
133. Kinh Thien Palace and Hau Lau were the only places which were used as accommodations for
Nguyen Kings during their business trips to the Bac Thanh.
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
134. Ha Noi Flag Tower is the most famous structure that survived the French period intact.
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
135. Hue Imperial Citadel is the first UNESCO Heritage Site in Viet Nam which attracts a lot of
tourists from all over the world.
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
Combine the two sentences into one, using reduced relative clauses
136. The Cham Kingdom had two sanctuaries. They belonged to two main opposing clans.
 The Cham Kingdom had two sanctuaries __________________________________________.
137. The temples in My Son followed the same model. The temples were built into groups.
 The temples in My Son ___________________________________ followed the same model.
138. In 1009, Ly Cong Uan decided to change the capital city from Hoa Lu to Dai La Citadel. Ly Cong
Uan founded the Ly Dynasty.
 In 1009, Ly Cong Uan, ________________________________ , decided to change the capital city
from Hoa Lu to Dai La Citadel.
139. Kinh Thien Palace was the centre of Imperial Citadel of Thang Long in the Le Dynasty and Ha Noi
Citadel in the Nguyen Dynasty. Kinh Thien Palace was built in 1428 by King Le Thai To.
 Kinh Thien Palace, ________________________________, was the centre of Imperial Citadel of
Thang Long in the Le Dynasty and Ha Noi Citadel in the Nguyen Dynasty.
140. The Citadel of the Ho Dynasty is considered as the only stone citadel. The Citadel of the Ho Dynasty
remains in Southeast Asia.
Read the text below and decide which answer A, B, C or D best fits each space.
I.
Phong Nha-Ke Bang National Park is located in the middle of the Annamite Mountain Range in
Quang Binh province, Vietnam, and shares its boundary (141) ____ the Hin Namno Nature Reserve in
the Lao PDR to the west. The property (142) ____ an area of 123,326 ha and contains terrestrial and
aquatic habitats, primary and secondary forest, sites of natural regeneration, tropical dense forests and
savanna and is rich in large, often spectacular and scientifically significant caves.
The property contains and protects over 104 km of caves and underground rivers making (143)
____ one of the most outstanding limestone karst ecosystems in the world. (144) ____ karst formation

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has evolved since the Palaeozoic period (some 400 million years ago) and as such is the oldest major
karst area in Asia. (145) ____ to massive tectonic changes, the karst landscape is extremely complex,
comprising a series of rock types that are interbedded in complex ways and with many geomorphic
features. The karst landscape is not only complex but also ancient with high geodiversity and geomorphic
features of considerable significance.
141. A. in B. at C. by D. with
142. A. consists B. comprises C. contains D. combines
143. A. it B. them C. that D. this
144. A. A B. An C. The D. This
145. A. According B. Thanks C. Subject D. Object
II.
The citadel of the Ho Dynasty was built according to the Feng Shui principles, (146) ______ the
flowering of neo-Confucianism in the late 14th century in Viet Nam and its spread to other (147) ______
of East Asia. According to these principles, it was located in a landscape of great (148) ______ beauty
on an axis (149) ______ the Tuong Son and Don Son Mountains in a plain between the Ma and Buoi
Rivers. In terms of architectural history, the citadel of the Ho Dynasty (150) ______ an important role
in the planning and building of urban areas in Viet Nam. It shows the uniqueness (151) ______ the
construction of a citadel in general and a stone citadel in particular, and a breakthrough in Viet Nam’s
tradition of citadel building.
Thanks to the unique construction techniques, all the (152) ______ stone sections are intact and
have not been (153) ______ by time and weather or by recent urban encroachment. The citadel of the
Ho Dynasty is an architectural (154) ______ of the 14th century with impressive architecture of the walls
and other parts. The citadel buildings represent an outstanding example of a new (155) ______ of
Southeast Asian imperial city with a combination between the Vietnamese architecture and the unique
building techniques of Southeast Asia and Eastern Asia.
146. A. considering B. reflecting C. throwing back D. affecting
147. A. areas B. sections C. sessions D. regions
148. A. scenic B. nature C. visual D. significant
149. A. fastening B. meeting C. joining D. matching
150. A. deals with B. plays C. makes D. performs
151. A. in B. on C. with D. for
152. A. serious B. rocky C. special D. major
153. A. changed B. influenced C. affected D. attacked
154. A. building B. art C. skill D. masterpiece
155. A. set B. style C. quality D. use
III.
The World Wildlife Fund (WWF) has issued a (156) __________warning about the future of the
world's natural World Heritage sites. It says half of the sites are (157) __________risk from different
industries. The WWF warned that harmful industrial activities such (158) __________ mining, dredging
or drilling for oil are endangering the future of 114 of 229 sites. Other factors (159) __________to the
risk include illegal logging and unsustainable water use. All of these are in addition to the damage being
(160) __________by climate change. The WWF says the sites affected include Australia's Great Barrier
Reef, the Grand Canyon National Park in the USA, and China's Sichuan Giant Panda Sanctuaries, which
are (161) __________to more than 30 per cent of the world's endangered pandas.
The director of the UNESCO World Heritage Centre said it was (162) __________to everyone to
protect these sites. She said: "World Heritage is humankind's (163) __________ heritage and the
responsibility for its conservation is shared by everyone." She (164) __________government efforts at
reducing what they take from the Earth, saying: "The WWF's report comes at a time when governments

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and the private sector around the world are stepping (165) __________ their action against harmful
extractive uses." However, the WWF said that more than 11 million people worldwide (166)
__________on World Heritage sites for food, water, shelter, jobs and medicine, and that non-stop
development could harm (167) __________as well as the environment.
156. (A) stalk (B) stork (C) stake (D) stark
157. (A) of (B) to (C) by (D) at
158. (A) was (B) as (C) has (D) ease
159. (A) add (B) adds (C) adding (D) addition
160. (A) did (B) doing (C) done (D) do
161. (A) home (B) house (C) village (D) residence
162. (A) across (B) up (C) as (D) high
163. (A) common (B) commonly (C) commoner (D) commons
164. (A) happy (B) welcomed (C) greetings (D) salutation
165. (A) on (B) across (C) up (D) over
166. (A) relay (B) rally (C) rely (D) really
167. (A) rain hoods (B) likelihoods (C) hoodies (D) livelihoods
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each
of the questions.
I.
In 1959, the government of Egypt was working on a plan to build a dam on the River Nile. It was
called the Aswan Dam, and it was intended to generate electricity and allow the river water to be used
for agriculture. There was one big problem with the plan, though. The dam would flood a nearby valley
that contained ancient Egyptian treasures, including two enormous stone temples.
It can be difficult for governments to choose culture and history over economics. However, if
countries always made decisions like this, the majority of the world's ancient sites would end up being
destroyed. Luckily, UNESCO stepped in. They formed a committee that tried to convince Egypt to
protect its ancient treasures. With support from many countries, they were finally successful. The huge
temples were carefully removed from their original site and moved to a safe location so that the dam
could be built.
UNESCO is an agency of the United Nations. The United Nations is a partnership between
countries from all over the world. They are joined to help promote world peace, enforce human rights,
and help countries develop. UNESCO is a part of the United Nations that is concerned with science and
culture.
After their success in saving the temples in Egypt, UNESCO went on to save more sites around
the world. They protected lagoons in Venice, ruins in Pakistan, and temples in Indonesia. With
industrialization changing the world rapidly, there were many sites that needed to be saved. Eventually,
UNESCO formed the World Heritage Organization to protect important natural and historic sites
wherever it was necessary.
By now, the World Heritage Organization has protected hundreds of sites ranging from beautiful
natural islands to buildings in large cities to ancient ruins. If you're able to visit any of the many protected
sites, you'll agree it was worth it.
168. Why did UNESCO get involved in Egypt?
A. Egypt was planning to build a dam that would harm ancient temples.
B. Egypt was planning to build a valley for agriculture and electricity.
C. Egypt was planning to create a dam right on top of an ancient temple.
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 D. When the dam flooded a valley, several treasures were discovered.
169. Which of the following is true according to paragraph 2?
A. Most governments prefer to sell their treasures.
B. Money sometimes seems more important than all other things.
C. Governments are never able to consider two things at once.
D. Governments usually don't know anything about their culture.
170. The United Nations would probably not be involved in ____.
A. helping a poor country improve its agriculture
B. trying to solve a violent conflict between two nations
C. developing a new spacecraft for travel to the moon
D. protesting against the killing of the tribes people of a country
171. The word "Eventually" in the passage is closest in meaning to ____.
A. firstly B. reasonably C. finally D. seriously
172. Why is the World Heritage Organization more important now than it would have been years ago?
A. Countries didn't cooperate in the past.
B. Cities were smaller back then.
C. There were not as many interesting sites 200 years ago.
D. Modern business and production are changing the world.
II.
Welcome to Trang An, Vietnam's newest UNESCO World Heritage Site, a place where the water
is crystal clear and pink flowers bloom along the shallows. Temples rest on a precipice of rock and water.
Here, for 30,000 years, people have lived amongst these limestone giants. To the unfamiliar, this area is
a maze of confusing waterways and impassable hills, a place where one could easily disappear from the
world. However, to the emperors of the 10th and 11th centuries, this was the ideal setting for a capital
city where the inhabitants could be controlled and enemies rebuffed.
This combination of stunning natural beauty and ancient history has led Trang An to be
recognised as Vietnam's eighth World Heritage Site. Unlike the previous seven, Trang An is notable for
being the only UNESCO site in Vietnam to be classified for both its cultural beauty and natural integrity.
At the ticket office, we are met by the sight of thousands of wooden boats bobbing along the
shoreline. Stepping gingerly into the closest dinghy, we are greeted by a young woman whose ability to
paddle three adults - all in the midst of Christmas feasting - for three straight hours left me in awe of her
strength. What followed was a string of beautiful caves of varying heights and lengths, interspersed with
scenes of a peaceful beauty that can be hard to come by in Vietnam.
Dubbed ‘Halong Bay on land’, Trang An’s landscape is reminiscent of its coastal World Heritage
neighbour. Dominated by similar karst geography, Halong Bay and Trang An both provide a stunning
backdrop lo a tranquil boat cruise. Unlike Halong, however, the boats at Trang An are small, seating no
more than five adults, and weekday crowds are minimal. We emerged from a particularly low cave
opening and into a small cove ringed by flowering reeds and waterlilies. The steep limestone cliffs block
all outside sounds. Underwater reeds stand tall in the clear water beneath our boat, their green spongy
limbs waving gently in the current as we paddle past. Brown-and-gold fish dart between grass, their
scales glinting in the sunlight, before plunging into the shadows of the towering hills above. Water
movement is imperceptible, with the steep hillsides, plunging valleys and clear sky mirrored in its glassy
surface. It is as though a parallel world of deep crevices and underwater mountains exists just below our
feet.
A parallel world does, in fact, describe how it seemed as we floated through the caves of Trang
An. The journey through the first hollow felt like stepping through the back of the wardrobe and entering

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Narnia. We were suddenly transported into a beautiful, magical world. So at odds with the industrial
limestone factories that dominate the Ninh Binh landscape, this small pocket of serenity is surprising.
With more and more visitors flocking to Vietnam's World Heritage Sites, I worry that Trang An
will suffer the consequences of unchecked mass tourism. We can only hope that tourism officials will
learn from the experiences of other popular tourist destinations and ensure that this place remains as
close to paradise as it was on our visit.
173. In paragraph 1, Trang An can be described as all of the following EXCEPT ____.
A. an escape from the daily world B. a location with scenic beauty
C. a place for religious practices D. a financial center of ancient Vietnam
174. The word "rebuffed" in the passage is closest in meaning to ____.
A. prevented B. welcomed C. protected D. denied
175. Which makes Trang An unique among other World Heritage Sites in Vietnam?
A. It has to be accessed by wooden boat.
B. It was recognized for both natural and cultural values.
C. It is a maze of confusing waterways and impassable hills.
D. It offers string of beautiful caves of varying heights and lengths.
176. The word "gingerly" in the passage is closest in meaning to ____..
A. noisily B. cautiously C. strongly D. confidently
177. The word "that" in the passage refers to ____.
A. strength B. lengths C. beauty D. caves
178. What can be inferred in paragraph 4 about Halong Bay?
A. The boats there are bigger. B. It has no caves at all.
C. It is called "Trang An in water". D. It does not offer boat cruise.
179. Which of the following is true about Trang An according to paragraph 4?
A. The water movement at Trang An can be heard easily.
B. The underwater reeds are vulnerable beneath the boats.
C. The water at Trang An is empty of living animals.
D. The site is peaceful and almost soundproofed from the outside.
180. The word "serenity" in the passage is closest in meaning to ____.
A. tranquillity B. industrialization C. magic D. limestone
181. Why is Trang An considered as a parallel world?
A. It stays close to paradise in spite of being visited by many.
B. It is in existence under visitors' feet but hardly anyone recognizes.
C. It is in stalk contrast with the dominant industrial landscape in Ninh Binh.
D. It has not suffered the consequences of uncontrolled mass tourism yet.
182. The writer's attitude towards Trang An can be described as that of ____.
A. concern B. admiration C. shock D. suspicion
PART 3: ADVANCED LEVEL
You are going to hear an interview with a food photographer, listen and fill in the gap.
183. When I was quite young- 10 or 11 - I started using an old camera __________ to my father.
184. It was easy to find a photographer __________ to take an assistant for no pay!
185. She was really the first person __________ me to take up food photography.
186. I was the youngest person in the competition __________ any of the major categories.
187. The biggest problem is the heat __________ by the lights.
188. Personally, I prefer food __________ of cardboard!
189. I generally have with me a spray bottle __________ glycerine mixed with water.
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190. We use cotton wool balls __________ in water.
Use the information in the brackets to complete these newspaper extracts. Use reduced relative clauses
beginning with an -ing or -ed form, being + -ed or to be + -ed. If a reduced relative clause is not
possible, use a relative clause + relative pronoun (e.g. which).
191. The government has brought in new legislation ________________________ (It will affect
Britain’s 5.4 million dog owners). From next year all dogs will have to be tagged with tiny electronic
chips ________________________. (They will hold information about the dog’s owner.)
192. The inquiry into the wreck of the oil tanker Panmax, ________________________ (It sank off the
southwest coast in 2014), has produced its final report. The report, ________________________, (It is
to be published tomorrow) is thought to show that the captain was mainly responsible for the collision
with a smaller vessel.
193. Demonstrators ________________________ (They have been protesting.) against the play Global
Strife at the Crest Theatre, claiming it to be ‘antireligious’, have succeeded in preventing it being
performed. The theatre management, ________________________ (They were advised by police that
security could not be guaranteed), cancelled last night’s performance. On Thursday, a number of
demonstrators ________________________ (They broke through police lines.) caused damage to the
theatre and terrified members of the audience.
194. Researchers in New Zealand are developing a new drug ________________________ (It might
prevent memory loss in older people). A group of 30 elderly people ________________________ (They
were suffering from dementia.) were given the drug over a two-year period, and results showed a
significant slowing down in memory decline. The drug, ________________________ (It is derived from
a plant. The plant is found only in New Zealand.), will now be tested on a larger group before being
made more widely available.
Complete the sentences with phrases from the box. Use a to-infinitive clause, an adjective phrase or
a prepositional phrase. Make changes and additions as necessary.
ring today about the car announce large-scale redundancies
very similar to Romanian you should contact the human resources manager
take part in the London Marathon the south side of the city
would be happy to help out orbit the Earth
195. In 1962, John Glenn became the first American ____________.
196. If you want to find out if there are any job vacancies in the company, the person ____________.
197. It was really expensive living in the centre, so we’ve just bought a flat ____________.
198. You won’t have to organise the party yourself. I’m sure there’ll be a lot of people ____________.
199. At 91, Abraham Weintraub is the oldest competitor ever ____________.
200. The state language of Moldova is Moldovan, a language ____________.
201. With fewer cars being sold around the world, Nisda has become the latest car company
____________.
202. You’re the tenth person ____________. I’m sorry, but it’s already been sold.

THE END.

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 MOCK TEST
A. PHONETIC, GRAMMAR, VOCABULARY & READING
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word whose underlined part
pronounces differenly from the other three’s.
Question 1:
A. diploma B. grotto C. doctorate D. dome
Question 2:
A. heritage B. teenage C. passage D. package

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word that differs from the other
three in the position of primary stress in each of the following questions.
Question 3:
A. masterpiece B. abundant C. demolish D. mosaic
Question 4:
A. geological B. harmonious C. institution D. university
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to
the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.
Question 5: Most of the Imperial Citadel of Thang Long was demolished in the early 20 th century.
A. rebuilt B. pulled up C. put up D. pulled down
Question 6: National Parks and other historic sites are not owned by UNESCO or the UN. They are
usually owned by the local government and a few are in private hands.
A. belonging to a person B. protected carefully
C. having no owner D. controlled by hand
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning
to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.
Question 7: Students also have the opportunity to choose from a wide range of optional course in the
university.
A. mandatory B. selective C. free D. limited
Question 8: Though built almost five hundred years ago, the church remained practically intact.
A. in perfection B. in ruins C. in chaos D. in completion
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the
following questions.
Question 9: Academic __________ are official copies of your academic work.
A. accounts B. statements C. transcripts D. records
Question 10: Besides Con Moong Cave, other significant _______ sites have been investigated and
excavated.
A. important B. archaeological C. technological D. environmental
Question 11: Further Education in the UK provides students ____ an education from the ages of 16
to 18 years old.
A. in B. for C. of D. with
Question 12: Ha Long Bay is easily one of the most _______ UNESCO World Heritage Sites in Viet
Nam.

HES | FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY 18

 A. surprised B. breathtaking C. breathless D. shocking
Question 13: UK further education _______ are recognized and respected by employers and
academics worldwide.
A. qualification B. experiences C. limits D. abilities
Question 14: With 1960 islands in different sizes and an unbelievable smooth sea surface, Halong
Bay ____ its name to one of the worthiest places in the world to visit.
A. writes B. is written C. will write D. has written
Question 15: Penicillin, _________, probably came into widespread use after the Second World
War.
A. an antibiotic of known B. was known the antibiotic
C. the best-known antibiotic D. known best antibiotic
Question 16: A Bachelor’s degree is a three-year or four-year course you take in undergraduate
higher education after you ______ further education.
A. have finished B. have been finishing
C. had finished D. had been finishing
Question 17: 57. All the students __________ for their academic transcripts all this week, but they
__________ them yet.
A. have waited/ haven’t received B. have been waiting/ haven’t received
C. have waited/ haven’t been receiving D. have been waiting/ haven’t been receiving
Question 18: Son Doong Cave is the largest cave in the world ________ in Phong Nha - Ke Bang
National Park.
A. which discovered B. discovering C. to discover D. to be discovered
Question 19: Hue Imperial Citadel is the home of Viet Nam’s last royal dynasty _______ our country
from 1802 to 1945.
A. ruled B. being ruled C. to rule D. which had ruled
Question 20: The 14th-century Ho Dynasty citadel, ____ according to the feng shui principles,
testifies to the flowering of neo-Confucianism in late 14th century Vietnam and its spread to other
parts of east Asia.
A. to build B. building C. built D. having built
Question 21: Hoi An Ancient Town is an exceptionally well-preserved example of a South-East
Asian trading port ____ from the 15th to the 19th century.
A. to date B. dates C. dated D. dating
Question 22: Two visitors are talking to each other.
Visitor A: "Have you ever visited a World Heritage Site, before?" - Visitor B:
“____”
A. Well, this is actually the first time I've been to one.
B. It's so interesting to be here with you.
C. It's never too late to visit a place.
D. I've been to a lot of interesting places of the world.
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the underlined part that needs
correction in each of the following questions.
Question 23: It often takes three years graduating from a college.
A B C D

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 Question 24: Taj Mahal is considered being a masterpiece of architectural style in design and
A B C
construction technique.
D
Question 25: In the UK, A-levels are still the most common way of fulfil the entry requirements
A B C
for degree courses.
D
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the
correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 26 to 30.
GAP YEAR
In the professional or career world, a gap year is a year before going to college or university
and after finishing high school or (26) __________ a year off before going into graduate school after
completing a bachelor as an undergraduate. (27) __________ this time, students may engage in
advanced academic courses, extra-academic courses and non-academic courses, such as yearlong pre-
college math courses, language studies, learning a trade, art studies, volunteer work, travel,
internships, sports and more. Gap years are sometimes urged as a way for students to become
independent and learn a great deal of (28) __________ prior to engaging in university life.
Australians and New Zealanders have a tradition of travelling overseas independently at a
young age. In New Zealand this is known as "doing an OE" (Overseas experience). Sometimes an
OE is (29) __________ to one year, but often Australians and New Zealanders will remain overseas
for three to five years, with many working short-term in-service industry jobs to fund their continuing
travels. Europe and Asia are popular destinations for doing an OE. In Australia, through exchange
programs and benefits for youth, there are so many opportunities for a young person to broaden their
(30) __________ through travel in a gap year.

Question 26:
A. calling B. going C. taking D. turning
Question 27:
A. During B. When C. While D. By
Question 28:
A. responsible B. responsibility C. irresponsible D. irresponsibility
Question 29:
A. distributed B. used C. spent D. limited
Question 30:
A. head B. mind C. brain D. memory

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the
correct answer to each of the questions from 31 to 37.
Further education in Britain means education after the General Certificate of Secondary
Education (GCSE) and General National Vocational Qualifications (GNVQ) exam taken around the
age of 16. It includes courses of study leading to A levels which students take at their school or sixth-

HES | FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY 20

 form college. Some students go straight to a college of further education which offers a wider range
of full- and part-time courses. Further education also includes training for professional qualifications
in nursing, accountancy and management, and in fields such as art and music. The term higher
education is used in Britain and the US to refer to degree courses at universities.
In the US further education usually means any other education after secondary school. It can
mean study at college, or any study towards a professional qualification, and it can have a meaning
similar to that of adult education or continuing education, i.e. something that people do after
completing their main education, often for personal interest and satisfaction.
Many students in Britain take vocational training courses in fields such as building,
engineering, hair-dressing or secretarial skills. Colleges of further education offer courses leading to
National Vocational Qualifications (NVQs) and other certificates and diplomas. Work-related
courses are designed with advice from industry, with the aim of producing students who will have
the skills employers require. On longer courses students may do placement (AmE internships) (=
periods of work) lasting several months with companies. On other courses, called sandwich courses,
students divide their time between periods of paid work and periods of study. A common arrangement
is for students to get day release from their work to attend college one or two days a week over
several years. Some students do a formal apprenticeship, learning their skills on the job and attending
college part-time.
The British government is keen to persuade more young people to remain in education as long
as possible to build up a more highly skilled, better educated workforce. About 3.9 million people
take part-time further education courses, while another 1.1 million are full-time students.

Question 31. The best title for the passage could be ____.
A. Further Education in Britain B. Higher Education in the US
C. Higher Education in Britain D. Further Education in the US
Question 32. The word "It" in the passage refers to ____.
A. further education B. study at college C. adult education D. continuing
education
Question 33. Which of the following is true according the passage?
A. Higher education in the UK provides non-degree courses in professional training.
B. In the US, when you do self-study, you are doing further education.
C. Vocational training courses are neither included in further nor higher education.
D. In Britain, people can work and take further educations courses at the same time.
Question 34. The phrase "day release" in the passage almost means ____.
A. having the day off B. the Independence Day
C. a day out of work D. a hard working day
Question 35. Which of the following is true according to the passage?
A. British workers are better trained than their American fellows.
B. In Britain, vocational training courses are practically job-related.
C. In America, vocational training courses charge no fee at all.
D. Taking vocational courses makes it easier for people to find a job.
Question 36. Which of the following can best describe Britain's workforce according to the passage?
A. well-informed B. well-trained C. well-paid D. well-known

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Question 37. The passage is most likely taken from ____.
A. a textbook for secondary school students
B. a brochure for foreign visitors to Britain
C. a guidebook to British and American culture
D. a journal for educational experts in the UK and US

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the
correct answer to each of the questions from 38 to 45.
THE STATUE OF LIBERTY
Frenchman Edouard de Laboulaye first proposed the idea of a monument for the United States
in 1865. Ten years later sculptor Frederic Auguste Bartholdi was commissioned to design a sculpture
with 1876 in mind for completion, to commemorate the centennial of the American Declaration of
Independence. The Statue was named “Liberty Enlightening the World” and was a joint effort
between America and France.
It was agreed that the American people were to build the pedestal, and the French people were
responsible for the Statue and its assembly here in the United States. However, lack of funds was a
problem on both sides of the Atlantic Ocean. In France, public fees, various forms of entertainment,
and a lottery were among the methods used to raise funds. In the United States, benefit theatrical
events, art exhibitions, auctions and prizefights assisted in providing needed funds. Poet Emma
Lazarus wrote her famous sonnet “The New Colossus” in 1883 for the art and literary auction to raise
funds for the Statue's pedestal.
Meanwhile in France, Bartholdi required the assistance of an engineer to address structural
issues associated with designing such a colossal copper sculpture. Alexandre Gustave Eiffel (designer
of the Eiffel Tower) was commissioned to design the massive iron pylon and secondary skeletal
framework which allows the Statue's copper skin to move independently yet stand upright.
Back in America, fundraising for the pedestal was going particularly slowly, so Joseph
Pulitzer opened up the editorial pages of his newspaper, “The World,” to support the fund raising
effort. Pulitzer used his newspaper to criticize both the rich who had failed to finance the pedestal
construction and the middle class who were content to rely upon the wealthy to provide the funds.
Pulitzer s campaign of harsh criticism was successful in motivating the people of America to donate.
Architect Richard Morris Hunt designed the Statue of Liberty's granite pedestal in 1884,
donating his fee to help fund the Statue. Financing for the pedestal was completed in August 1885,
and pedestal construction was finished in April 1886. The Statue was completed in France in July
1884 and arrived in New York Harbor in June 1885 onboard the French frigate “Isere.”
In transit, the Statue was reduced to 350 individual pieces and packed in 214 crates. The
Statue was reassembled on her new pedestal in four months' time. On October 28, 1886, President
Grover Cleveland oversaw the dedication of the Statue of Liberty in front of thousands of spectators.
She was a centennial gift ten years late.
Source: https://www.libertyellisfoundation.org/statue-history
Question 38: Which of the following does the passage mainly discuss?
A. A joint effort between America and France
B. Engineering, Construction, and Crossing the Atlantic of the Statue of Liberty
C. Statue of Liberty crossing Atlantic Ocean
D. Design of the Statue of Liberty
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 Question 39: According to paragraph 1, which of the following is the reason for
making a monument for the United States?
A. The 100th commemoration of the American Declaration of Independence.
B. Frederic Auguste Bartholdi had to follow Frenchman Edouard de Laboulaye's idea.
C. There must be a joint monument between America and France.
D. It was requested from the French Government.
Question 40: The word “centennial” in paragraph 1 mostly means _______.
A. The time when pubs can legally open
B. The time when a pub ends business for the day
C. The act or process of finishing something
D. The 100th anniversary of an event
Question 41: Lottery is mentioned in paragraph 2 as a way of _______.
A. encouraging French people to be responsible for the construction of the statue
B. attracting people's attention to the project
C. raising funds for the construction of the statue
D. creating a kind of entertainment for French people
Question 42: The word “colossal” in paragraph 3 can be best replaced by _______.
A. uppermost B. fantastic C. classic D. enormous
Question 43: The word “who” in paragraph 4 refers to _______.
A. Pulitzer B. the rich
C. the middle-class D. the wealthy
Question 44: According to paragraph 5, what did architect Richard Morris Hunt do
to financially help constructing the Statue?
A. He donated cash.
B. He designed the statue pedestal free of charge.
C. He designed the statue without collecting any fee.
D. He donated material of granite to build the pedestal.
Question 45: According to the passage, which of the following statements about the Statue of
Liberty is NOT true?
A. Frederic Auguste Bartholdi first proposed the idea of a monument for the United States in 1865.
B. Lack of funds was a problem when constructing the statue on both sides of the Atlantic Ocean.
C. Pulitzer used his newspaper to criticize both the rich and the middle class to provide the funds.
D. The construction of the Statue of Liberty completed 10 years late as a centennial gift to America.

B. WRITING

Rewrite the following sentences using the given words without changing the meaning of those
sentences.
Question 46: The last time we phoned her was when we went to the party together.
→ We haven’t______________________________________________________________
Question 47: This is the best essay I have ever written.
→ Never __________________________________________________________________

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Rewrite the following sentences using reduced relative clauses in place of the relative clauses
Question 48: Neil Armstrong was the first man who walked on the moon.
→ Neil Armstrong __________________________________________________________
Question 49: Students who arrive late will not be permitted to enter the classroom.
→ Students ________________________________________________________________
Question 50: John, who was taken by surprise, hardly knew what to say.
→ John, ___________________________________________________________________

THE END.

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