Professional Documents
Culture Documents
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Contents
1. Purposes 3
2. Scope of Work 3
3. Safety Policy 4
4. Work Method 5
4.1 Work Preparation 5
4.2 Work Procedure 9
4.3 Test and Monitoring of the Concrete Mass after 16
Pouring
5. Outline of Sequence 17
1.) PURPOSES
This method statement has been prepared to provide a general guide, special
considerations to be given in relation to the heat of hydration for concrete pours.
This method statement describes the work procedures to be carried out during an
execution stage of mass foundations/structures of which the character of the
concrete is technically specified as a structure with large dimensions simply figured
of greater than 1.50 meters for all dimensions. In this case the cracks & temporary
control is required both during the concrete mix control at concrete batching
plant prior to concreting and its monitoring after the concrete is placed in order
that the requirements stated in the Engineering Standard, Specification for
Concrete Works e.g. a temperature differential between the interior of the
concrete and any outside face will not exceed 20 C , can be maintained ( Basically ,
heat on the surface of the concrete is easily released toward the ambient whereas
the center remains its high temperatures , this follows that the temperature
difference will induce the internal restraint and subsequently introduce thermal
contraction cracks.
Special care and planning is required as the volume of pour is large in relation to
those normally being place on Site.
This method statement includes e.g. concrete batching plant control including
supply and delivery to Site, casting sequence , the method to control and prevent
the concrete cold joint being introduced during concrete placing and a proper
curing to maintain ,control temperature difference not to exceed the specified
tolerance stated in the Engineering Standard , Specification for Concrete Works of
which the method of monitoring will be included , and all incidentals necessary to
complete the entire works.
One of the main aspects of this procedure is Safety and Health Control. This is to
control occurrence of injuries as well as damage to equipment and properties
during the entire execution period. In order to ensure a safe working environment
during the entire execution period, the following safety measures will be
implemented as follows:
All operators and drivers are to be equipped with valid driver’s/operator’s license
or permit from concerned government agency.
Only authorized signalman will be assigned together with the operator or driver.
All lifting equipment as well as its accessories such as sling wire, nylon sling,
shackles, chain blocks crane hook and latch shall be inspected periodically.
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) will be issued to all workers such as safety
shoes, hardhat, working gloves, earplug, safety goggles (if required) and safety
harness for workers who will be assigned in elevated places 1.6 meter and above.
All new recruits will undergo proper orientation and safety induction before they
could be deployed at site for work.
a.) General: With a large concrete pour of this magnitude it is essential that
proper pre-construction planning methods and safety checks be in place prior to
execution of the works. A mass pour is considered to be demanded a special
attention to be given to logistical and technical considerations such as concrete
supply, casting sequence , prevention to cold joint being introduced during
concrete placing and temperature differential control by thermal quilts curing
method etc. In addition the method of temperature difference for the selected
points will be discussed, prepared prior to the work begin.
(a). using the same previous mix (300 ksc, cylinder, pump
mix): use of ice as part of mixing water is effective in reducing
concrete temperature, because on melting alone, to absorb heat. In
this case there is no change in the previous design mix but it may
encounter a difficulty to control the temperature differential
between such selected points within the concrete mass to be within
the specified figure stated in the Engineering Standard,
Specification for Concrete Works. The sequence is as follows:
(2). Add ice into the water for mixing of concrete to reduce
the water temperature. The ice will be added until 8-10
Celsius Degree for water temperature is reached. The
amount of ice added to the water is dependent on the air
temperature at the certain mixing day.
(5) The above process (4) will be regularly done during the
entire period of supply to ensure that the same degree of
temperature always be maintained.
At Site all existing facilities, which are within the construction site radius
considered to obstruct any work activities, will be removed or be provided with
protection against damage, dust and dirt. Enclose the site construction area to
control material equipment as well as to avoid any incident/ accident from/to
others.
Works should start confirmation of the permission and the handing over area of
the work.
Access: Designated site access routes for concrete supply will be prepared
and traffic control measures implemented. The proper access must be
b.) Formwork: ITD will provide sufficient forms and suitable access platforms
to execute the work for the entire pouring stage.
Forms will be made of steel studs with steel plate sheathing lining the surface (e.g.
0.60x1.20m. steel panels), and include all necessary support bracings and fixings,
steel props etc. The scaffolding access erected will be in compliance with BS
Standard.
Approved form release agent will be applied to the steel surface sheathing prior to
lifting-in and erection of the clean forms this is to avoid the concrete stuck the
forms that may introduce unfair face of concrete when the form is to be
dismantled.
c.) Rebar: Rebar will be supplied and fixed in accordance with the latest
construction design drawings.
Rebar will be cut and bent at the designated yard close to the work site in
accordance with the latest bar bending schedules.
To facilitate crane handling and avoid confusion during installation the specified
cut and bent bars will be clearly grouped, bundled and tagged for identification
before transporting to the workface.
Rebar will be placed at a designated lay-down space and each tagged bundle will
be properly segregated for easy retrieval and handling once installation of rebar
starts.
d.) Concrete: Due to one-go casting of each raft foundations /structures the
concrete pouring will only be executed during dry weather to avoid the possibility
of stoppage due to rain. In addition in case of high temperature during the
pouring day is encountered the pouring is preferred to be carried out during the
night time.
In case of sudden rain, plastic sheeting or canvas will be used to cover the
concrete slab surface yet to set during concrete pouring. The plastic sheets will be
provided sufficiently both for emergency case of sudden rain and for fully cover
the whole concrete surface immediately once the concrete is reached its initial set.
Pre-pour inspection of the rebar, form panels, embedded items and construction
joints will be carried out before concrete pouring.
Three (3) concrete pumps will be engaged for concrete pouring e.g. 2 pumps is
organized for concrete pouring; the less will be at the workface for standby and
will be on duty when the pouring pump is broken. The concrete pump
arrangement will be prior arrangement for their highest efficiency when the
concrete placement is to be carried.
The plastic sheet will be used for curing purposes. This will be done immediately
once the concrete is reached its stiffening time by fully cover the whole concrete
surface and spread the sand (approximately 10 mm. thick.) onto the whole area of
plastic sheets to prevent concrete temperature loss too quick and result high
temperature differential between the surface and at the middle. Care must be
taken during the entire curing (for a couple weeks) to ensure by reading its
temperature by a thermocouple that the temperature at the middle of the concrete
is low enough to result the difference of temperature in comparison with the
surface not exceed 20 C.
4.2.1 Survey Setting Out: The setting out will be made at the beginning stage of
the work by referring to the construction drawings. All reference points will be
made as necessary for the entire work, develop method and cross-checking all
setting-out will be operations. When principal lines and levels have been set
out, it would be advised to the relevant persons.
From the starting end, continue excavation between the piles rows until reach
the require elevation in accordance with the construction drawing. The
excavation between the piles rows by equipment will be done not too close to
the piles to avoid a possible damage of piles.
The remaining soil surrounding the piles will be removed by workmen in order
that the piles not to obstruct equipment working.
To avoid the piles damaged while equipment running on them, therefore the
entrance access shall be provide during working inside the pile group
boundary.
a) Measure and marking the cut off level(s) around the each piles.
b) Cut around the pile with the grinder machine approximately 20-30
mm. deep this is to control cracks not to introduce below the
grinded level.
c) Chip off concrete at the ground joint and remain the reinforcing
wires exposed in order to leave the upper part of pile above cut off
level is stable. Continue the same procedure for the next piles in
advance.
d) Chip off the remaining concrete above the grinded level by means
of hydraulic jack hammer. At the cut off level, make an even level of
the pile head be the hammer.
e) Remove the remaining concrete on the rebar using the hammer and
clean with fresh water.
f) Touch up the concrete around the piles at the cut off level.
(a)Setting out:
Upon a completion of piles cut off a compaction of the soil beneath the lean
concrete will be carried out throughout the whole area. A compaction will be
conducted properly to reach the requirements mentioned in the Engineering
standard e.g. 95% of the optimum dry density. This must be presented with test
reports accepted by CTCIT prior to the lean concrete placement.
A surveyor will then establish the reference lines and mark for the lean concrete
boundary by white chalk. The carpenters will set the forms using a set of 100x100
mm. cross-sectional area steel tube nails alongside the both edge to the earth.
A set of pegs will be located throughout the placing area to show the placing level
thereafter. After confirming for its conformity e.g. the correctness of level and
alignment, the lean concrete will be poured.
After QC inspection of the lean concrete base layer then construction of the
foundation will follow:
(b). Formwork:
• As work proceeds ensure forms are connected tightly together and braced
against displacement to prevent leakage of mortar at the joints during
placement of the concrete.
• Leave open some part of the forms to provide access for the workmen
during rebar and concrete placement.
• Mark the concreting surface level onto the forms.
• For a full description of the general techniques and procedures necessary
for fabricating and installing formwork refer to ITD-MS-009 General
Formworks Method Statement.
(c) Rebar
(d) Concrete
Concrete will be as approved trial pumping mix. The volume supply for raft
foundation is 100 cu-m/hr (for each layer of pour)
To minimize any risk of breakdown two (2) separate batching plants of 50m3/hr
capacity
each will be used to supply concrete.
To meet the demand a detailed study of the transportation times in relation to the
number of trucks have been carefully calculated as follows:
Transportation Control
(f) Conveying
(g) Pouring
(h) Backfilling
• Backfilling will be done in loose layers not more than 250mm in thickness.
• Suitable vibrator plate/rollers and/or water will be used to achieve the
compaction requirements for each layer field density test will be performed
to check the soil compaction to95% maximum dry density.
• Any embedded cableway conduits and earthing /grounding wires, drainage
pipes and trenches etc. should be installed simultaneously with the
backfilling layers.
• After completion and curing of the third stage concrete pour then the
second stage fill will be carried out up to grade level below proposed
finished ground level
The plastics cover and the side forms will be maintained for a couple
weeks until the temperature differential at any selected points in the mass
concrete are not exceeded 20 C.
Equipment Installation:
linked to the rear panel of the data logger which is set to read the
temperature at every 30 minutes for at least 3 days.
1) Excavation will be carried out, between the plies rows, from one end to the
other end as shown on the sketch by backhoe. It should be concentrated
closely during the entire excavation by backhoe so as not to damage the
piles. The remaining soil stuck to the piles will be removed by men.
3) Piles cutting off will be carried out following the method stated on 4.2.4
previously.
The plastics cover and the side forms will be maintained for a couple
weeks until the temperature differential at any selected points in the mass
concrete are not exceeded 20 C.
The plastics cover and the side forms will be maintained for a couple
weeks until the temperature differential at any selected points in the mass
concrete are not exceeded 20 C.
When the concrete reaches the required strength verified by crushing test
the form will be dismantled. Once the side forms are removed the
approved curing compound will be immediately applied thoroughly all the
exposed surface.
8) While the forms being dismantled, all the unwanted materials associated
with the concrete e.g. debris, concrete laitance etc, will be removed.