Assignment

 Define the following terms based on the several features of the genetic code 12 points
 Triplet
- In codons, triplets are bases read three at a time. Each three nucleotides in a
row counts as a triplet in the genetic code and codes for a single amino acid.
As a result, each three-letter sequence represents an amino acid. Proteins, on
the other hand, are made up of dozens, if not hundreds, of amino acids.
Because there are only four nucleotides, a single nucleotide code can only
represent four amino acids, so A, C, G, and U can all be translated to amino
acids. When scientists tried to decipher the genetic code, they discovered that
it was a triplet code.
 Degenerate
- Degenerate means that two or more codons specify 18 of the 20 amino acids.
The genetic code is regarded as degenerate, or redundant, because a single
amino acid can be coded for by more than one codon, despite the fact that
each codon is specialized for just one amino acid (or one stop signal). In
addition, the genetic code is almost ubiquitous, with only a few minor
differences reported. A code in which the meaning of numerous code words is
the same. Because there are many cases where different codons define the
same amino acid, the genetic code is degenerate. Some amino acids may be
encoded by more than one codon in a genetic code. Because there are many
cases where different codons define the same amino acid, the genetic code is
degenerate. Some amino acids may be encoded by more than one codon in a
genetic code.
 Orderly
- Each codon is read in only one direction and only one way, similar to how
English is read from left to right. Codons are three-letter nucleotide chains
that make up the genetic code. Each codon corresponds to a single amino acid.
During protein synthesis, the code regulates the order in which amino acids
are added to a polypeptide chain. As a result, the amino acid sequence in a
protein is determined by the genetic code.
 Nearly universal
- Nearly Universal means that nearly every organism on the planet understands
the code in the same way. All living organisms on Earth, with a few minor
exceptions, share the same genetic code. This means your cells' codons for the
20 amino acids are the same as those utilized by bacteria living in
hydrothermal vents at the bottom of the Pacific Ocean. Because every known
living entity possesses genes made of DNA, it is considered a universal
genetic code. Every organism uses DNA to store genetic information,
including bacteria, fungus, cats, plants, and you. DNA is also used by all
organisms to transcribe RNA, which is ultimately translated into proteins.
Genetic coding is specific or unambiguous since each codon codes for a single
 amino acid. A codon codes for one specific amino acid in all living things,
whether bacteria or humans, making it universal.
 List down the roles involved in the protein production 12 points
 Ribosome
- The large protein protein-making machine that reads the message from mRNA
and follows the instructions in the message. Ribosomes are built up of
ribosomal RNA (rRNA), which can build any type of protein. Ribosomes
follow the strands of mRNA and give places for tRNA to connect to the codon
sequence. The ribosome continues upstream after the amino acids establish
peptide bonds with the polypeptide strand's end. The mRNA, tRNA, and
amino acids meet in the Ribosome to make a Protein. The key organizing core
for protein synthesis is the ribosome. Protein synthesis takes conducted on
ribosomes, which are found in every cell. The catalytic stages of protein
synthesis, the sewing together of amino acids to produce a protein molecule,
are directed by the rRNA molecules within the ribosome. To represent this
function, rRNA is frequently referred to as a ribozyme or catalytic RNA.
 The genetic code
- mRNA carries a message (see " Discovering the good in a Degenerate Code"
earlier in this chapter for more on the genetic code.)
 amino acids
- Proteins are complex chemical entities comprising nitrogen and carbon; they
are made up of 20 amino acids linked together in thousands of different
combinations.
 Transfer RNA
- Provides amino-acid building pieces to the functioning ribosome through a
courier service: each tRNA summoned by the ribosome grabs the amino acid
specified by the codon.