Career Development

Beginning of Career Choice

Career choice begin early:
• Personal experience:
• Watching parents/neighbours
• Adult conversation
• Role Play
• Temporary/part-time work

Early experience  adolescent learn  will

continue developing career towards their interest.
However  career choice may change with
maturity.
Stages in Career Development
A child stars to think what they want
to be when they grow up and will
continue until 24 yrs old.
3 Stages:
• Pre adolescent period:
•Career choice are based on Fantasy &
Excitement.
• Early & middle adolescent:
•choice of career change according to
their interest, ability and their values.
• Late adolescent & early adult :
•able to make a correct choice according
to own ability, experience and
knowledge.
 Stages in Career Development
Pre adolescent period Career choice
are based on
• Fantasy/Dream
• Excitement/Adventure
• Not on their ability
Stages in Career Development
Early & middle adolescent  choice
of career change according to their
interest, ability and their values.
Late adolescent & early adult  able
to make a correct choice according to
own ability, experience and
knowledge.
• Choice of career are more clearer
and establish after succeeded
entering college/higher learning
institutions.
Theories
Theories in Career Choice/Development

Ginzberg
Holland
 Ginzberg’s Career Choice Theory
Ginzberg (1972) suggested 3 stages people move
through in choosing a career.
• Fantasy (11 & below)
• Tentative (11-17 yrs. old)
• Realistic (17/18 & above)
 Stage 1: Fantasy

Choice of career (ambitions) are made based on:

• Excitement & interesting
• Emotions & not practicality
• Child perceptions

* Fantasy period – the period of life when career

choices are made – and discarded – without regard
to skills, abilities, or available job opportunities
 Stage 2: Tentative
Focus  on self
Career choice based on 4 aspects:
• Interest (11-12 years old)
• Capasity (13-14 years old)
• Values (15-16 years old)
• Transition (16-17 years old)
• Early adolescent  interest play a major role but as they grow
older  more matured  start thinking about their ability.
• Integration between interest and ability  from the value
system.

* Tentative period- the second stage which spans adolescence,

in which people begin to think in pragmatic terms about the
requirements of various jobs and how their own abilities
might fit with those requirements
 Stage 3: Realistic
Focus on career opportunity and market
demand.
Starts reviewing their aspiration, needs & interest,
their ability and occupational work demand.
Choice are also made based on:
• Experience & achievement so far.
• Family influences
• Personal job influence
Realistic period – the stage in late adolescence and
early adulthood during which people can explore
career options through job experience or training,
narrow their choices, and eventually make a
commitment to career
John Holland Theory of
Career Choice
 John Holland Personality –Type
Theory
According to Holland (1959):
• Individual personality influences a
person choice of career .
• 6 types of basic personaliti  6 types
of basic occupations
• Only certain types of occupation suits
a specific personality.
John Holland Theory of Career
Choice
Personalities & basic environment:
•Realistic
•Investigative
•Conventional
•Enterprising
•Artistic
•Social
15
John Holland Theory of Career Choice
Realistic – down-to earth, practical problem solvers,
physically strong, mediocre social skills
Intellectual/Investigative – theoretical and abstract
orientation, not particularly good with people
Conventional – prefer highly structured tasks
Enterprising – risk takers and take-charge types, good
leaders
Artistic – use art to express themselves and prefer the world
of art to interactions with people
Social – verbal skills and interpersonal relations are strong,
good at working with people
17
18
 John Holland Theory of Career Choice

YOUR Type of Type of Suitable

PERSONALITY JOB environment

•Realistic • Realistic
•Investigative • Investigative Potenti
•Conventional • Conventional al to
Suit • Enterprising
•Enterprising succeed
s • Artistic
•Artistic
•Social • Social
 Investigative/Intellectual
Like to investigate  suitable to an abstract type of
occupation, intellectual and scientific.

Individual Characteristic
•Clever
Type of Occupation
•Analytical
•Mathematicians
•Independent
•Chemist
•Rasional
•Biologist
•Curious
•Physicist

Not interested in Enterprising type of work

 Realistic
Prefer job in an objective environment  does not
involve good communication skills, involves physical &
related to technical and farming.
Fav. type of work characteristics  relate to machine,
equipment, nature & athletic.
Type of Occupation
Individual Characteristic •Mechanic
•Mechanical •Rangers
•Aggresive •Carpenter
•Strong/athletic •Farmers
•Stuborn •Contracters
•Stern •athletics

Not interested in work related to Social

 Convensional
Career choice  involve community support but
does not involve lot of thinking Suitable in
concrete and predictable envirobnment. Prefer
routine and structural type of work.

Individual Characteristic Type of Occupation

•Specific/precise •Accountant
•Ordarly •Proof-reader
•Practical •Statistician
•Effisyen •Secretary
•Careful

Not interested in artistic type of work

 Enterprising
Suitable in an adventurous, energizing and
challenging work environment. Have an
empowering and extrovert personality, and loves
power.
Individual Characteristic Type of Occupation
•Coherent •Sales person
•Agresive •Politician
•Ambitious •Businessman
•Confidence •Legal/law
•Controlling •Evangelism

Not interested in realistic type of work

 Artistic
Suitable in an artistic  arts and designing
environment  able to express their creativity.

Individual Characteristic Type of Occupation

•Independent •Musician
•Creative •Artist/sculpture
•Non-conformist •Dancer/singer
•Abstract •Acting
•Idealistic •Others  related to art

Not interested in conventional type of work.

 Social
Prefer job related to the social, administrative or
treating environment.  ability in communication
and interpersonal relationship.

Individual Characteristic
Type of Occupation
•Cooperative
•Teaching
•Tolerant
•Counselor
•Social
•Social work
•Empathy
•Psychologist/ psychiatrist
•Understanding
•Nurse/doctor

Not interested in realistic type of occupation.