TRIGONOMETRIC RATIO

ARPIT CHAUDHARY
1. SYSTEM OF MEASUREMENT OF ANGLES:
There are three systems for measuring angles:
(i) Sexagesimal System/Degree Measure (English system):
In this system, right angle is divided into 90 equal parts, called
degrees. The symbol 1o is used to denote one degree. Each degree
is divided into 60 equal parts, called seconds. Symbols 1’ ,1” are
used to denote one minute and 1 second respectively.
i.e., 1 right angle =90o ,1o = 60’ , 1’ = 60’’
(ii) Centesimal system (French System): In this system, a right angle is
divided into 100 equal parts, called grades. Each grade is subdivided into
100 min & each minute is divided into 100ss
i.e. 1 right angle = 100 grades = 100g
1g 100',1' 100''
(iii) Circular system (Radian System): In this system, angle is
measured in radian. A radian is the angle subtended at the
centre of a circle by an arc, whose length is equal to the radius
of the circle. The number of radians in an angle subtended by
an arc of circle at the centre equal to arc
radius
2. Relation Between System of Measurement of angles :
(i)  Radian = 180o
 180o 
Or 1 radian =    57o16'22''
  
 
(ii) 1o     rad  0.01746rad
 180 
3. Trigonometric ratios: Relation between different sides & angles
of a right angled triangle are called trigonometric ratios or T-
ratios.
Trigonometric ratios can be represented by

sin  Perpendicular  BC
Hypotenuse AC
cos  Base  AB ,
Hypotenuse AC
tan  Perpendicular  BC ,cos ec  1
Base AB sin
sec  1 ,cot  cos  1
cos sin tan
4. Fundamental Trigonometric Identities:
(i) sin 2  cos2  1
(ii) 1+tan2  sec2 
(iii) 1+cot 2  cos ec2
5. Sign of Trigonometric Ratios or Functions :

a crude raid to memorise the signs of trigonometrical ratio in

different quadrant.
6. Trigonometric Ratios of Some Standard Angles
7. Trigonometric Ratios of Some special Angles:
8. Trigonometric ratios of allied Angles:
9. Trigonometric Ratios of Compound Angles:
(i) sin(A ± B) = sinAcosB ± cosAsinB
(ii) cos(A ± B) = cosAcosB ± sinAsinB
(iii) tan(A ± B) = tan A  tan B
1 tan A tan B
(iv) cot(A ± B) = cot Acot B 1
cot B  cot A
(v) sin(A + B).sin(A – B)= sin 2 A  sin 2 B  cos2 B  cos2 A
(vi) cos(A + B).cos(A – B)= cos2 A  sin 2 B  cos2 B  sin 2 A

(vii) tan( A  B  C )  tan A  tan B  tan C  tan A tan B tan C

1 tan A tan B  tan B tan C  tan C tan A
10. Transformation Formulae:
(i) 2sinAcosB = sin(A + B) + sin(A – B)
(ii) 2cosAsinB = sin(A + B) - sin(A – B)
(iii) 2cosAcosB = cos(A + B) + cos(A – B)
(iv) 2sinAsinB = cos(A – B) - cos(A + B)
(v) sinC + sinD = 2sin  C  D  cos  C  D 
   

 2   2 

CD CD
(vi) sinC - sinD = 2cos 2
 sin  2

   

CD CD 
(vii) cosC + cosD = 2cos  
2  cos  
2 
 

(viii) cosC - cosD = 2sin  C  D  sin  D  C 

   

 2   2 
11. Trigonometrical ratios of Multiple Angles:
(i) sin2A = 2sinAcosA = 2tan A
1 tan 2 A

cos 2 A  sin2 A  2cos2 A 1  1 2sin2 A  1 tan 2 A

(ii) cos2A = 1 tan 2 A
2tan A
(iii) tan2A =
1 tan 2 A
(iv) sin3A = 3sin A  4sin3 A

(v) cos3A = 4cos3 A  3cos A

(vi) tan3 A  3tan A  tan3 A
1 tan 2 A

(vii) sin  A   1 cos A

 

2 2

(viii) cos  A   1 cos A

2 2

1cos A sin A
(ix) tan  A   1 cos A 
 

2 1 cos A sin A 1 cos A
(x) 1 sin 2 A  sin A  cos A

(xi) 1 sin 2 A  sin A  cos A

12. The Greatest & Least Value of the expression
 a sin  b cos 
 

2 2
Greatest Value = a2  b2 and Least Value=  a  b
13. Some Useful Identities:
(i) tan  cot  2cot 2

(ii) tan3  tan .tan(60o  ).tan(60o  )

(iii) tan(A + B) – tanA – tanB = tanA.tanB.tan(A+B)

(iv) sin sin(60o  )sin(60o  )  1 sin3

4
(v) cos cos(60o  )cos(60o  )  1 cos3
4
14. Some Useful Series:
(i) sin   sin(   )  sin(  2 )  ......to n terms
  n 1    n  
sin     sin  
  2    2  
= ;   2n

 
sin  
2
(ii) cos  cos(   )  cos(  2 )  ......to n terms
  n 1    n  
cos     sin  
  2    2  
= ;   2n

 
sin  
2
(iii) p  cos .cos2 .cos22 ..............cos)(2n1 )
 sin 2n
 ,if   n
 2n sin 

 1 , if  =2k

 1 , if  =(2k+1)


Q. If x  r cos cos  , y  r cos sin  and z=rsin ,
then x 2 +y2 +z2 =?

(a) r2 (b) r4 (c) 1 (d) None

Q. If sin   cos ec  2 , then the value of  sin 2   cosec2  is:
 
 
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 4 (d) None
Q. If tan  cot  2 , then the value of sin is:

(a) 1 (b) 1 (c) 1 (d) 1

2 3 2 3
Q. If  lies in second quadrant, then 1 sin   1 sin  ?
1 sin  1 sin
(a) tan (b) 2tan (c) cot  (d) 2cot 
  b sin   a cos 
Q. If a tan  b , the value of  b sin  a cos  is:
 
2 2 2 2 2 2
(a) b  a (b) a  b (c) a  b (d) None of these
b2  a 2 a2  b2 a 2  b2
Q. If 5cot  4 , then the value of  5sin  3cos  is:
 sin   2cos 
 
5 3
(a) 14 (b) 4 (c) 1 (d) None
 2
Q. If sec  tan  , then
3
(a) sec  5 ,tan  3 (b) sec  13 ,tan  5
6 2 12 12
(c) sec  8 ,tan  4 (d) None of these
9 9
Q. If co sec  cot  6 , then:
35 37 37 35
(a) co sec  ,cot  (b) co sec  ,cot 
12 12 12 12

(c) co sec  41,cot  31 (d) None of these

12 12
Q. If 7sin 2   3cos2   4 , then the value of tan is:
1 1 1 1
(a)  (b)  (c)  (d) 
2 3 2 3
Q. If sin  sin 2  1 , then the value of cos2   cos4 is:

(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) None

Q. If  3sin  5cos   5 , then the value of  5sin  3cos  is:

(a) 4 (b) 3 (c) 2 (d) 1

Q. If sec  tan  4 , then the value of sin is:
3
(a) 4 (b) 16 (c) 7 (d) 9
5 25 25 16
Q. If cos  sin  2 cos , then  cos sin    ?

(a)  2 cos (b) 2 sin (c) 2cos (d) 2sin

Q. If a cos  b sin  3 and asin -bcos =4 , then the value of
 2 2
 a b 
  is:
(a) 25 (b) 23 (c) 27 (d) None
Q. If a cos  b sin  c , then the value of (a sin  b cos ) is:

(a)  a 2 b 2 c 2 (b)  a 2 b2  c 2

(c)  a 2 b 2  c 2 (d)  b 2  c 2  a 2
Q. If p sin x  q and x is acute, then p2  q2 .tan x is equal to:

(a) p (b) q (c) pq (d) p+q

 12
Q. If cos   and  lies in the third quadrant, then the value of
13
 cos ec cot   is:
(a) 1 (b) 1 (c) 3 (d) None
5 5 5
 1
Q. If cos   and  lies in the second quadrant, then the value
2
of  2sin   tan   is:

(a) 0 (b) 
3 (c)
3 3 (d) None
2 2
Q. If A,B,C,D are the angles of a cyclic quadrilateral and
cosA + cosB = K(cosC + cosD), then the value of K is:
(a) 1 (b) - 1 (c) 2 (d) - 2
Q. If A,B,C,D are the angles of a cyclic quadrilateral taken in
order, then the value of
[cos(1800  A)  cos(1800  B)  cos(1800  C )  sin(900  D)] is:

(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) -1 (d) None

Q. The value of tan15o tan 25o tan 45o tan65o tan 75o is:

(a) 3 (b) 3 (c) 2 (d) 1

Q. The value of (cos1o cos2o cos3o.........cos178o cos179o ) is:

(a) -1 (b) 1 (c) 0 (d) 2

 
Q. The value of sin10o  sin20o sin 30o .......sin 360o  is:
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) -1 (d) None of these
 
Q. The value of tan1o tan 2o tan 3o.........tan89o  is:
1
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) ∞
  3 5 7 9
Q. The value of  tan tan tan tan tan  is:
 20 20 20 20 20 


(a) -1 (b) 1 (c) 1 (d) ∞

2
 
Q. The value of tan 20o  tan 40o  tan 60o ....... tan180o  is:

(a) 9 (b) 41 (c) 0 (d) 1

2
 
Q. The value of sin 2 5o  sin 210o sin 2 15o .......sin 2 85o sin 2 90o  is:
(a) 7 (b) 8 (c) 9 (d) 91
2
  2  7 4 
Q. The value of  sin  sin 2 sin 2 sin 2  is:
 18 9 18 9 
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 4
  0 0
 tan26  tan19 
Q. If , then the value of x is:
   cos600
x(1 tan260 tan190 )

(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 2 (d) 3

Q. cos200 cos400 cos800  ?

(a) 1 (b) 1 (c) 1 (d) 1

16 8 4
Q. sin100 sin500 sin 700  ?

(a) 1 (b) 1 (c) 1 (d) 1

8 16 4 2
Q. cos9  sin9  ?
0 0

cos9  sin9
0 0

(a) tan90 (b) tan810 (c) tan540 (d) tan360

 
Q. If     4 , then the value of (1 tan )(1 tan  ) is:

(a) 1 (b) -1 (c) 2 (d) -2

 m 1
Q. If tan  and tan = , then (   ) is equal to:
m1 (2m1)

(a)
 (b)
 (c)
 (d) 
3 4 2
 sin( x  y) a b
Q. If  , then the value of tan x is:
sin( x  y) a b tan y
a b 2a a
(a) (b) (c) (d)
b a b 2b
Q. If tan(A+B)=m , tan(A-B)=n, then the value of tan2A is:
2mn m n m n
(a) (b) (c) (d) None of these
1 mn 1 mn 1 mn
Q. If sin 2  cos3 and θ is acute, then the value of sin θ is:

(a) ( 5 1) (b) ( 5 1) (c) ( 5 1) (d) ( 5 1)

4 4 4 4
Q. If sin x  sin 2 x  1 , then the value of (cos8 x  2cos6 x  cos4 x) is:

(a) 0 (b) -1 (c) 1 (d) 2

Q. The least value of  2sin 2   3cos2   is:
 

(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 5

Q. The greatest value of
 4
 sin   cos4   is:
 

(a) 1 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 3

2
Q. If A  cos2   sec2  , then

(a) A<1 (b) A=1 (c) 2>A>1 (d) A≥2

Q. If A  sin 2   cos4  , then for all real values of θ

(a) 1≤A ≤2 (b) 3  A  1 (c) 13  A 1 (d) 3  A  13

4 16 4 16
Q. Let A = (cos2θ + 2cos θ) , Then
3 3 3
(a) A  (b) A  (c) A (d) None of these
2 2 2
 sin 2
Q. If tan(   )  n tan(   ) , then the value of is:
sin 2
n 1 n 1 n2 n 2
(a) (b) (c) (d)
n 1 n 1 n 2 n2
Q. The value of (sin12o sin 48o sin54o ) is:

(a) 1 (b) 1 (c) 1 (d) 1

2 4 6 8
Q. If θ is an acute angle & tan  6 6 6............. to infinity, then
the value of sec2  is:

(a) 4 (b) 10 (c) 4 (d) 10

3 9
Q. If sin  sin   sin  .......... inf. = sec4  ,then sin is:

(a) sec2  (b) tan2  (c) sec2  tan2  (d) cos2 

Q. If S  1 sin 2  sin 4  ........  , then the value of S is:

(a) 1 (b) 0 (c) cos2  (d) sec2 

Q. 2  2  cos4  ?

(a) sin2θ (b) cos2θ (c) 2 cosθ (d) 2 sinθ

Q. If θ is acute angle and sin θ + cosθ= 2 , then θ is equal to:

   
(a) (b) (c) (d)
3 6 4
Q. If sin θ=cos2 θ, then (sin θ+cos θ) can take the value :

(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 3 1

2
 1
Q. If x is acute and sin 2 x  , then the value of (sinx+cosx)
is: 5

(a) 7 (b) 6 (c) 4 (d) 2

5 5 5 5
Q. If sinx + cosecx = 5 and x is acute, then x is equal to:
2
   
(a) (b) 4 (c) 3 (d)
6
Q. The value of 2cos75o cos15o is:

(a) 4 (b) 2 (c) (d) 1

2
2
Q. The value of sin105o cos75o is:

(a) 5 1 (b) 5 1 (c) 32 (d) 2  3

4 4 4 4
 o o
1
Q. The value of sin7 cos37 1 is:
2 2
(a) 3 1 (b) 3 1 (c) 2 1 (d) 2 1
4 2 4 4 4
 4 5
Q. If cos(   )  ,sin(   )  and  , lie between 0 & π/4, then the
5 13
value of tan2α is:

(a) 5 (b) 56 (c) 34 (d) 56

13 65 65 33
Q. If tanA + tanB = a & cotA + cotB = b, ten the value of cot(A+B)
is:

(a) 11 (b) 1 1 (c) a + b (d) a-b

a b a b
  A  A
Q. sin 2     sin 2    Is equal to:
8 2 8 2
   
1
(a) 2sin  (b) sin A (c)
1
sin A (d) None of these
8 2 2
 sin 
Q. If tan  x sin  & tan = y sin , then is equal to:
1 x cos 1 y cos sin 
x
(c) x
2 2
(a) y (b) y (d) y
x y2 x2
  sin x  sin3x  sin5 x  sin7 x 
Q.   ?
 cos x  cos3x  cos5x  cos7 x 
 

(a) tan16x (b) tan8x (c) tan4x (d) tan2x

  1 tan15o 
Q. The value of  
 1 tan15
o


(a) 3 (b) (c) 2 (d) 1

3 2
2 3
Q. 2cos   x  1  Is possible for real x, if x is equal to:
 x
 

(a) 2 (b) -2 (c) 2 (d) ±1

   
Q. The values of cot ,cot ,cot are in
3 4 6
(a) A.P (b) G.P (c) H.P (d) None of these