ELECTRO STATICS & CAPACITORS
SR-MAIN-CHEM-VOL-II
ELECTRO STATICS & CAPACITORS
SYNOPSIS
Charge and its properties
 Study of characteristics of electric charges at
rest is known as electrostatics.
 Electric charge is the property associated with
a body or a particle due to which it is able to
produce as well as experience the electric and
magnetic effects.
 Charge is a fundamental property of matter and
never found free.
 The excess or deficiency of electrons in a body
gives the concept of charge.
 There are two types of charges namely positive
and negative charges.
 The deficiency of electrons in a body is known
as positively charged body.
 The excess of electrons in a body is known as
negatively charged body.
 If a body gets positive charge, its mass slightly
decreases.
 If a body is given negative charge, its mass
slightly increases.
 Charge is relativistically invariant, i.e. it does
not change with motion of charged particle and
no change in it is possible, whatsover may be
the circumstances. i.e.
qstatic  qdynamic
 Charge is a scalar. S.I. unit of charge is
coulomb(C).
One electrostatic unit of charge
1 charge when kept in contact with a charged body
(esu) = coulomb.
3  109
One electromagnetic unit of charge
(emu) = 10coulomb
 Charge is a derived physical quantity with
dimensions [AT].
Quantization of Charge : The electric charge
is discrete. It has been verified by Millikan’s
oil drop experiment.
 Charge is quantised. The charge on any body is
an integral multiple of the minimum charge or
electron charge, i.e if q is the charge then
q   ne where n is an integer, and e is the
charge of electron = 1.6  1019 C .
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 The minimum charge possible is1.6  1019 C .
 If a body possesses n1 protons and n2 electrons,
then net charge on it will be  n1  n2  e,
i.e. n1  e   n2 e   n1  n2  e
Law of conservation of charge
 The total net charge of an isolated physical
system always remains constant,
i.e. q  q  q  constant.
 In every chemical or nuclear reaction, the total
charge before and after the reaction remains
constant.
 This law is applicable to all types of processes
like nuclear, atomic, molecular and the like.
 Charge is conserved. It can neither be created
nor destroyed. It can only be transferred from
one object to the other.
 Like charges repel each other and unlike charges
attract each other.
 Charge always resides on the outer surface of a
charged body. It accumulates more at sharp
points.
 The total charge on a body is algebric sum of
the charges located at different points on the body.
 Electrification: A body can be charged by
friction, conduction and induction.
 By Friction: When two bodies are rubbed
together, equal and opposite charges are
produced on both the bodies.
 By Conduction: An uncharged body acquiring
is called conduction. Conduction preceeds
repulsion.
 By Induction: If a charged body is brought
near a neutral body, the charged body will attract
opposite charge and repel like charge present in
the neutral body. Opposite charge is induced at
the near end and like charge at the farther end.
Inducing body neither gains nor loses charge.
Induction always preceeds attraction.
 Repulsion is the sure test of electrification.
1  1
 Induced charge q   q 1   where K is
 K
Dielectric constant
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W.E-1: Can two similarly charged bodies attrack Relative permitivity of a medium is defined as
each other? the electrostatic force ( F0 ) between two charges
Sol: Yes, when the charge on one body (q1) is much in air to the force (F) between the same two
greater than that on the other (q2) and they are charges kept in the medium at same distance.
close enough to each other so that force of Dielectric constant (or) Relative permitivity
attraction between q1 and induced charge on the Pemitivity of the medium
other exceeds force of repulsion between q1 and K
Permitivity of free space
q2
It has no units and no dimesions
Coulomb’s Law: ‘The force of attraction or Hence, the mathematical form of inverse square
repusion between two stationary electric charges law is given as
is directly proportional to the product of
1 q1q2 1 1 q1q2
magnitude of the two charges and is inversely F 
proportional to the square of the distance 4  r 2 K 4 0 r 2
between them and this force acts along the line For force or vacuum or air K=1 and for a good
joining those two charges’ conductor like metals, K  
1 q1q2 Conclusion : 1) The introduction of a glass
 F  4   slab between two charges will decrease the
0 r r2 magnitude of rorce between them.
0 - permittivity of free space or vacuum or air.. 2) The introduction of a metallic slab between two
charges will decrase the magnitude of force to
r - Relative permittivity or dielectric constant zero.
of the medium in which the charges are situated. Note:1 When the some charges are separated by the
C2 farad some distance in two different media,
 0  8.857 10 12
2 or
, 1 1 q1q2
Nm metre F1 
1 K1 4 0 r 2 --------(1)
and  9  109 N m 2
/C 2

4  0 1 1 q1q2
Permitivity of Medium: Permitivity is the and F2  K 4  r 2 ------(2)
2 0
measure of degree of the medium which resist
the flow of charges from (1) and (2)  F1 K1  F2 K 2
In SI. for medium other than free space, the Note:2 When the same charges are separated by
different distance in the same medium
1 1
constant 0 K  so that we can write the Fd2 = constant (or) F1d12  F2 d 22
4 
equation for the force between the charges as Note : 3 If different charges are at the same separation
1 q1q2 F0  F 1 q11q21
F   r in a given medium 
4  r 2 F 0 F q1q2
Note : 4 If the force between two charges in two
r is known as the relative permitivity of the different media is the same for different
medium. It is a constant for a given medium and separations.
it charges separated by a medium decreases
1 1 q1q2
compared with the force between the same F
charges in free space separated by the same K 4 0 r 2 = constant
distance. Kr2=constant or K1r12  K 2 r22
Relative permitivity r is also known as If the force between two charges separated by a
dielectric constant K of the medium or specific distance ' r0 ' in vacuum or air is same as the
inductive capacity. force between the same charges separated by a
Relative permitivity of a medium is defined as distance ‘r’ in a medium.
the ratio of permitivity of the medium to
r
permitivity of free space (or) air Kr 2  r02  r  0
(or) K

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Here K is dielectric constant of the medium. Forces between multiple charges :
The effective distance ‘r’ in medium for a  Force on a charged particle due to a number of
r0 point charges is the resultant of forces due to
distance r0 in vaccum = . individual point charges
K    
Similarly, the effective distance in vaccum for a F  F1  F 2  F 3  .....
dielectric slab of thickness ‘ x ’ and dielectric W.E-2: Two point sized identical spheres carrying
constant K is xeff  f K charges q1 and q2 on them are seperated by a
Coulomb’s Law in Vector Form certain distance. The mutual force between
 1 q1q2  them is F. These two are brought in contact
 F12  r 12 and  
F21   F12 and kept at the same separation. Now, the
4 0 r22 2
F1  q1  q2 
F21 F12 force between them is F 1 . Then
F

4q1q2
.
q1 q2
Here F12 is force exerted by q1 on q2 and F21 is Sol: When charges seperated by certain distance the
force is given by
force exerted by q2 on q1
1 q1q2
 Suppose the position vector of two charges q1 Then F  4  r 2 ------------(1)
  0
and q2 are r1 and r2 , then electric force on When charges brought in contanct and kept at
charge q1 due to q2 is, the same distance the force is given by
 1 q1q2   2
F1  r1  r2  1  q1  q2 
4 0 r  r 3

 1
F  ----------(2)
1 2 4 0 4r 2
Similarly, electric force on q2 due to charge q1 2
F 1  q1  q2 
 1 q1q2   from (1) and (2) ;  
is
F2  
4 0 r  r 
 
3 2 
r  r1 F 4q1q2
2 1 W.E-3: Consider three charges q1,q2 and q3 each
Here q1 and q2 are to be substitued with sign. equal to q at the vertices of an equilateral
  triangle of side ‘ l ’ what is the force on any
r1  x1i  y1 j  z1k and r2  x2 i  y2 j  z2 k where
charge due to remaining charges.
 x1 , y1 , z1  and  x2 , y2 , z2  are the co- Sol : The forces acting on the charge ‘q’ are
ordinates of charges q1 and q2 . 
Limitations of Colulomb’s Law q
 Coulomb’s law holds for stationary charges only
which are point sized.
This law is valid for all types of charge q q
distributions.
This law is valid at distances greater than 1 q2
F1 
10 15 m. 4 0 l 2
This law obeys Newton’s third law.
This law represents central forces. 1 q2
F2 
This law is analogous to Newton law of 4 0 l 2
gravitation in mechanics.  
 The electric force is an action reaction pair, i.e clearly F1  F2  F
the two charges exert equal and opposite forces The resultant force is
on each other.
 The electric force is conservative in nature. F 1  F 2  F 2  2 FF cos 600
 Coulomb force is central.
 Coulomb force is much stronger than 1 q2
 3F  3
4 0 l 2
36

gravitational force. 10 Fg  FE 
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W.E-4: A particle of mass ‘m’ carrying a charge Let v is the volume of each ball, then mass of
 q1 is moving around a fixed charge  q2 each ball is m   v ; When balls are in air
along a circular path of radius ' r ' find time T cos   mg ; T sin   F
period of revolution of charge q1 F  mg tan    vg tan  ---------(1)
Sol: Electrostatic force on -q1 to +q2 will provide When balls are suspended in liquid. The
the necessary centripetal force
1 F
Kq1q2 mv 2 Kq1q2 coulumbic force is reduced to F  and
Hence  ; v K
r2 r mr apparent weight = weight - upthrust ;
2 r 16 3 0 mr 3 W 1   vg   vg
T  According to the problem, angle  is
v q1q2
uncharged-Therefore
W.E-5: Two identical small charged spheres each
having a mass ‘m’ hang in equilibrium as F 1  W 1 tan     vg   vg  tan  ------(2)
shown in fig. The length of each string is ' l ' F 
and the angle made by any string with vertical From (1) and (2) ; 1
K
F  
is  .Find the magnitude of the charge on each
sphere. Test charge: That small positive charge, which
So l :The forces acting on the sphere are tension in does not influence the other charges and by the
the string T, force of gravity ‘mg’ and repulsice help of which we determine the effect of other
charges, is defined as test charge.
force Fe.
l
 
l Linear charge density    is defined as the
T cos   mg ----(1) T T T cos charge per unit length.
Kq 2 F T sin F dq
T sin   Fe  2 ---(2) x 
r W W dl
From (1) and (2)
Kq 2 where dq is the charge on an infinitesimal length
Fe  m g tan  ;  mg tan  dl.
r2
1 q2 Units of  are Coulomb / meter (C/m)
from fig r  2l sin  ; 4  2l sin  2  mg tan  Examples:-Charged straight wire, circular
0   charged ring
q  16 0 l 2 mg tan  sin 2  Surface charge density   is defined as the
W.E-6: Two identical balls each having density charge per unit area.
 are suspended from a common point by
two insulating strings of equal length Both dq

the balls have equal mass and charge. In ds
equilibrium, each string makes an angle  where dq is the charge on an infinitesimal surface
with the vertical. Now both the ball are area ds. Units of  are coulomb / meter 2 (C /
immersed in a liquid. As a result, the angle 
does not change. The density of the liquid is m2 ) .
 . Find the dielectric constant of the liquid. Examples:-Plane sheet of charge, conducting
Sol: sphere.
Volume charge density    is defined as charge
l l l l
    per unit volume.
T T T cos T T T cos+ Vg
dq
F T sin F F T sin F

x
dv
x
W air W W Liquid W where dq is the charge on an infinitesimal volume

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element dv. Units of    are coulomb / meter 3
(C/ m3 )
Examples:- Charge on a dielectric sphere etc.,
 Charge given to a conductor always resides on
its outer surface.
 If surface is uniform then the charge distributes
uniformly on the surface.
 In conductors having nonspherical surfaces, the
surface charge density   will be larger when Sol: The force on the point charge Q due to the element
the radius of curvature is small
 The working of lightening conductor is based
on leakage of charge through sharp point due to
high surface charge density.
W.E-7: A ring of radius R is with a uniformly
distributed charge Q on it. A charge q is now
placed at the centre of the ring. Find the
increment in tension in the ring
Sol: Consider an element of the ring. Its enlarged view
is as shown. For equilibrium of this segment,
we can write.
F
W.E-8: A thin fixed ring of radius ‘a’ has a
positive charge ‘q’ uniformly distributed over
it. A particle of mass ‘m’ having a negative
charge ‘Q’ is placed on the axis at a distance
of x  x  a  from the centre of the ring.
Show that the motion of the negatively
charged particle is approximately simple
harmonic. Calculate the time period of
oscillation.
dq of the ring is
1 dqQ
dF 
4 0 r 2 along AB
For every element of the ring, there is
symmetrically situated diametrically opposite
element, the components of forces along the axis
will add up while those perpendicular to it will
cancel each other. Hence, net force on the charge
Q is -ve sign shows that this force will be
towards the centre of ring.
F   dF cos   cos   dF

d
Q x 1  Qdq 
    r 2 
d/2 d/2 r 4 0
q T T
so,
d
1 1 Qqx
q F   dq   4  3
Qx ----(1)
 d 
4 0 3
r
0
a 2
x 
2 2

F  2T sin  
 2  1 1

Here F is the repulsive force between q and (as r   a 2  x 2  2 and r   a 2  x 2  2 )

elemental charge dQ As the restoring force is not linear, the motion
 Q  will be oscillatory. However, if x  a , then
 dQ  2 R  Rd   1 Qq
  F  x   kx
The electric outward force on element is 4 0 a 3
1 qdQ Qq
F
4 0 R 2 with k  4  a 3
0
From the above three equations, we can write i.e., the restoring force will become linear and
1 q QRd  d  so the motion is simple harmonic with time
 2T  
2
4 0 R 2 R  2  period

 sin    for small angle  2 m 4 0 ma 3

T  2  2
 k qQ

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W.E-9: A point charge q is situated at a distance Electric Field: The space around electric
‘r’ from one end of a thin conducting rod of charge upto which its influence is felt is known
length L having a charge Q (uniformly as electric field.
distributed a long its length). find the  Electric field is a conservative field.
magnitude of electric force between the two. Intensity of Electric Field: The intensity of
L r electric field or electric field strength E at a point
Sol: dE in space is defined as the force experienced by
P unit positive test charge placed at that point”.
dx x
Consider a small element of the rod of length The intensity of electric field is also ofted called
dx, at a distance ‘x’ from the point charge q. as electric field strength.
Trating the element as a point charge, the force Consider an electric field in a given region.
between ‘q’ and charge element will be Bring a charge q0 to a given point in that field
without disturbing any other charge that has
1 qdQ Q produced the field.
dF  dQ  dx
4 0 x 2 ; But, L 
L et F be the electric force experienced by q0
1 qQdx and it is found to be proportional to q0
So, dF  4  Lx 2   
0  
F F  q0  F  Eq0 . Here E is
1 qQ r  L dx proportionality constant called electric field
F   dF 
4 0 L r x 2 strength

1 qQ  1  r  L 1 1 1   F
     E

4 0 L  x  r 4 0  r r  L 
 q0
Electric field strength is a vector quantity. Its
1 qQ direction is the direction along which a free
F
4 0 r  r  L  positive charge experiences the force in the
Lines of Force: Line of force is an imaginary electric field.
path along which a unit +ve test charge would The S.I unit of elctric field strength is newton
tend to move in an electric field. per coulomb (NC-1). It can also be expressed in
 Lines of force start from +ve charge and end at volt per metre (Vm-1).
–ve charge. Electric field internsity due to an isolated
 Lines of force in the case of isolated +ve charge point charge : Consider a point charge ‘Q’
are radially outwards and in the case of isolated placed at point A as shown. Let us find the
–ve charge are radially inwards. 
electric field E at a point P at a distance ‘r’’
 The tangent at any point to the curve gives the
from charge Q. Imagine a positive test charge
direction of electric field at that point. 
 Lines of force do not intersect. q0 P. The charge Q produces a field E at P..
 Lines of force tend to contract longitudinally q0
and expand laterally. Q

The force applied by Q and q0 is given by

1 Qq0
F
4 0 r 2 . This acts along Ap.
(A) Radially outward (B) Radially inward
According to definition
 F  1 Q
E E rˆ
q0 4 0 r 2
+ – + +
If ‘q’ is positive, E is along AP and if ‘q’ is
negative E will be along PA .
(C) (D)

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If the charge ‘q’ is in a medium of p is in medium position resultant electric field intensity
of permititivity  , and dielectric constnat K,    
E  E1  E 2  E 3  ....
    If q0 is positive charge then the force acting on it
 K   the intensity of electic field in a
 0  is in the direction of the field.
medium (Emed) is given by  If q0 is negative then the direction of this force
1 Q E free space is opposite of the field direction.
Emed   Emec 
4 r 2 K E E
NULL POINT OR NEUTRAL POINT +
In the case of a system of charges if the net F  Eq F   Eq
electric field is zero at a point, it is knwon as Motion of a charged particle in a uniform
null point. electric field :
Application : Two point (like) charge q1 and a) A charged body of mass ‘m’ and charge ‘q’ is
q2 are separated by a distance ‘r’ and fixed, We initially at rest in a uniform electric field of
can locate the point on the line joining those intensity E. The force acting on it, F  Eq .
charges where resultant or net field is zero.  Here the direction of F is in the direction of field
Case 1: If the charges are like, the neutral point will if ‘q’ is  ve and opposite to the field if ‘q’ is
be between the charges.  ve .
x (r – x)  The body travels in a straight line path with
q1 q2
 F Eq
Let P be the null point where Enet  0 uniform acceleration, a   , initial
  m m
 E1  E2  0 (due to those charges) velocity, u  0 .
  At an instant of time t.
or E1   E2 and E1  E2
 Eq 
1 q1 1 q2 Its final velocity, v  u  at   t
   m 
4 0 x 2
4 0  r  x  2
1 2 1  Eq  2
q1 q2 Displacement s  ut  at   t
2 2 m 
or x 2  r  x 2
  Momentum, P  mv   Eq  t
r Kinetic energy,
x
on solving we get q2
1 1 2 1  E 2q 2  2
K .E  mv   t
q1 2 2 m 
Case 2 : If the charges are unlike, the neutral point  When a charged particle enters perpendicularly
will be outside the charge on the lime joining into a uniform electric field of intensity E with a
them. velocity ‘v’ then it describes parabolic path as
r shown in figure.
q1 q2 x
+ + + + + +
q1 q2
In this case x 2  r  x 2
  +
u
q
r y
x
On solving we get q2
1 x
q1
 Along the horizontal direction, there is no
 If instead of a single charge, field is produced
acceleration and hence x  ut .
by no.of charges, by the principle of super
Along the vertical direction, acceleration
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F Eq Oblique projection of charged particle in

a  (here gravitational force is not an uniform elctric field (Neglecting
m m
considered) gravitational force) : Consider a uniform
electric field E in space along Y-axis. A negative
1  Eq  2 charged particle of mass ‘m’ and charge ‘q’ be
Hence vertical displacement, y   t
2 m  projected in the XY plane from a point ‘O’ with
2 a velocity u making an angle  with the X-axis.
1  qE  x   qE  2
y      x (Neglecting gracitational force).
2  m  u   2mu 2 
 At any instant of time t, horizontal component Ej

of velocity, vx  u
u
 vertical componet of velocity

 Eq  x
v y  at   t O
 m  Initial velocity of the particle is
2 2 2 
E q t u  u cos  iˆ  u sin  ˆj
 v  v  vx2  v y2  u 2 
m2 Force acting on the particle is
 
 Two charges +Q each are separated by a F  qE (along-ve Y axis)
distance 'd'. The intensity of electric field at
the mid point of the line joining the charges is  qE ˆ
a j
zero. m
W.E-10 : Two charges +Q each are placed at the Velocity of the particle after time ‘t’ is
two vertices of an equilateral triangle of side    
a. The intensity of electric field at the third v  u  at ; v  u cos  iˆ   u sin   at  ˆj
vertex is If the point of projection is taken as origin, its
E  E position vector after time ‘t’ is
Sol: 
r  xiˆ  yjˆ where x=(ucos  ) t
E1  E 2  E 2  2 EEC os  a a
1
2
 2 E  2 E Cos 2 y   u sin   t  at 2
2
 2 E 2 1  cos   +Q a +Q If the charged particle is projected along the x-
 1 Q axis, then   00
= 2 ECos ; E= 3 4   a 2
2 0 Eq ˆ
W.E-11: Two charges +Q, -Q are placed at the  v  uiˆ  tj
m
two vertices of an equilateral triangle of side
‘a’, then the intensity of electric field at the 1 Eq 2
Here x  ut and y  t
third vertex is 2 m
 Direction of motion of particle after time ‘t’
Sol :E1 = 2E cos = E (   1200 ) makes an angle  with x-axis, where
2
E Eqt
tan  
mu
120°
 A charged particle of charge Q is projected
a E with an initial velocity u in a vertically upward
a electric field making an angle  to the horizontal.
+Q a –Q Then
1 Q
If gravitational force is considered

E1 = 4   a 2 .
0
Net force mg  F  mg  Eq

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ELECTRO STATICS & CAPACITORS JEE-ADV PHYSICS-VOL- II
SR-MAIN-CHEM-VOL-II

Eq  A sphere is given a charge of 'Q' and is

Net acceleration = g  suspended in a horizontal electric field. The
m
angle made by the string with the vertical is,
The negative sign is used when electric field is
 EQ 
in upward direction where as positive sign is   tan  1  
 mg 
used when electric field is in downward
direction for positively charged projected  The tension in the string is  E Q  2 2
 mg 
particle. Hence effective acceleration
2u sin  2
a. Time of flight  F  Eq 
g
EQ geff   g 2   
m m  m
u 2 sin 2   Time period of oscillation is given by
b. Maximum height 
 EQ 
2 g   l 1
 m  T  2  2
g eff  Eq 
2
u 2 sin 2 g2  
c. Range  
g
EQ  m 
m
W.E-12: An infinite number of charges each ‘q’
 Intensity of electric field inside a charged hollow
are placed in the x-axis at distances of
conducting sphere is zero.
1,2,4,8...meter from the origin. If the charges
 A hollow sphere of radius r is given a charge Q.
are alternately positive and negative find the
Intensity of electric field at any point inside it is
intensity of electric field at origin.
zero.
Sol: The electric field intensities due to positive
Intensity of electric field on the surface of the
charges and due to -ve charges the field intensity
Q is towards the charges
1 Q E4
sphere is 4  r 2 r
0
E1 E2
Intensity of electric field at any point outside the E3
sphere is (at a distance 'x' from the centre) q q q q
Q
1 Q x=0 x=1 x=2 x=4 x=8
4 0 x 2 x
The resultant intensity at the origin
Time period of oscillation of a charged body E  E1  E3  E4     
 The bob of a simple pendulum is given a +ve
Q  1 1 1 
charge and it is made to oscillate in a vertically E  1  2  2  2  ........ 
upward electric field, then the time period of 4 0  2 4 8 
Since the expression in the bracket is in GP with
T E
l 1 1
2
oscillation is EQ a common ratio =  2 
g 2 4
m
mg
Q 1 Q 4
 In the above case, if the bob is given a -ve charge E 
4 0   1   4 0 5
then the time period is given by 2
l 1   4  
EQ   
g
m
4 Q
E
T E 5 4 0
Q
E
mg 5 0

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W.E-13: A point mass ‘m’ and charge ‘q’ is
connected with a spring of negligible mass R
with natural length L., Initially spring is in E
natural length. Now a horizontal uniform m q
electric field E is switched on as shown. Find
L
a) The maximum separation between the mass
and the wall mg

b) Find the separation of the point mass and As collision with the wall is perfectly elastic,
wall at the equilibrium position of mass the block will rebound with same speed and as
c) Find the energy stored in the spring at the now is motion is oppisite to the acceleration,, it
equilibrium position of the point mass. will come to rest after travelling same distance
L in same time t. After stopping it will beagain
E
accelerated towards the wall and so the block
wall will execute oscillatory motion with ‘spain’ L
m K
q and time period
2mL
T  2t 
L qE
Sol: At maximum separation, velocity of point mass However, as the restoring force F(=qE) when
is zero. From work energy theorem, the block is moving away from the wall is
Wspring  W field  0 constance and not proportional to displacement
x, the motion is not simple harmonic.
1 2 W.E-15: Six charges are placed at the vertices of
qEx0  kx0  0 (x0 is maximum elongation)
2 a regular hexagon as shown in thg figure.
2qE 2qE The electric field on the line passing through
 x0  ;  separation = L  point O and perpendicular to the plane of the
K k
b) At equilibrium position. figure at a distance of x   a  from O is
qE a
Eq Eq  kx  x  +Q –Q
k
qE
 separation = L  +Q O –Q
k
2
1 2 1  qE  q2E 2
c) U  kx  k    +Q –Q
2 2  k  2k Sol: This is basically a problem of finding the electric
W.E-14: A block having mass ’m’ ad carge ‘q’ is field due to three dipoles. The dipole moment
resting on a frctionless plane at distance L
from the wall as shown inf fig. Discuss the of each dipole is P  Q  2a 
motion of the block when a uniform electric KP
field E is applied horizontally towards the wall Electric field due to each dipole will be E  3
x
assuming that collision of the block with the The direction of electric field due to each dipole
wall is perfectly elastic. is as shown below:
Sol: The situation is shown in fig. Electric forece
  Enet  E  2 E cos 60 0  2 E
F  qE will accelerate the block towards the
a
wall producing an acceleration +Q –Q
F qE 1 2 E
a  L  at
m m 2  1   2Qa  Qa +Q
60°
E –Q
 2     3 60°
2L 2mL  4 0   x   0 x E
i.e., t  
a qE +Q –Q

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ELECTRO STATICS & CAPACITORS JEE-ADV PHYSICS-VOL- II
SR-MAIN-CHEM-VOL-II
W.E-16: The field lines for two point charges are Consider a polar segment on arc of angular width
d at an angle  from the angular bisector XY
as shown. The length of elemental segment is
Rd  . The charge on this element dq is
A D B C E Q
shown in fig. dq  d

Due to this dq, electric field at centre of arc C is
i. Is the field uniform? given as
ii. Datermine the ratio qA / qB . dq
dE 
iii. What are teh sing of qA and qB ? 4 0 R 2
The electric field component dE to this segment
iv. If qA and qB are separated by a distance
dE sin  which is perpendicular to the angle
10  
2  1 cm, find the position of neutral bisector gets cancelled out on integration.
The net electric field at centre will be along angle
point. bisector which can be calculated by integrating
Sol: i. No
ii. Number of lines coming from or coming to a dEcos  within limits from  / 2 to  / 2
charge is proportional to magnitude of charge, Hence net elctric field strength at centre C is
q A 12 Ec   dE cos 
so q  6  2  /2
B Q
  cos  d
iii. qA is positive and qB is negative 4 0 R 2
 / 2
iv. C is the other neutral point.
 /2
v. For neutral point EA = EB Q
  cos  d
4 0 R 2  / 2
1 qA 1 qB
2

4 0 1  x  4 0 x 2 Q  /2
2 
 sin   / 2
EB 4 0 R 
A B EA Q
l C sin  / 2  sin  / 2
2 4 0 R 2
 l  x  qA
 x   q  2  x  10 cm 2Q sin  / 2 
  B Ec 
ELECTRIC FIELD STRENGTH DUE TO A 4 0 R 2
CHARGED CIRCULAR ARC AT ITS for a semi circular ring    . So at centre
CENTRE 2Q sin  / 2  2Q sin  / 2  2Q
W.E-17. Consider a circular arc of radius R which Ec  2
 2
 2
4 0 R  4 0 R  4  0 R 2
subtends an angle  at its centre. Let us ElECTRIC FIELD STRENGTH DUE TO A
calculate the electric field strength at C. UNIFORMLY CHARGED ROD
+ + + At an axial point :
X + +
L
+
+  R P
d
+
+  + + + + + + + ++ r
Sol: R C Consider a rod of length L, uniformly charged
Y with a charge Q. To calculate the electric field
dEsin  strength at a pont P situated at a distance ‘r’ from
dEcos
dE one end of the rod, consider an element of length
dx on the rod as shown in the figure.
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JEE-ADV PHYSICS-VOL- II ELECTRO STATICS & CAPACITORS
L 
L
2
r Qr dx
dE Ep   3/ 2
P 4 0 L L r 2
 x2 
dx x 
2

Q x
Charge on the elemental length dx is dq  dx From the diagram tan  
L r
dq Qdx x  r tan  ; On differentiation; dx  r sec 2  d
dE  2

4 0 x 4 0 Lx 2 Qr r sec 2  d Q r sec 2 d
4 0 L  r 3 sec3  4 0 Lr  r 3 sec3 
The net electric field at point P can be given by Ep  ; 
integrating this expression over the length of the
rod. Q Q
  cos  d  sin  
rL
Q Q
rL
1 4 0 Lr 4 0 Lr
E p   dE   2
dx   dx
r Lx 4 0 4 0 L r x2 1 x 1 x
Substituting   tan r  sin
Q  1 
rL x  r2
2

Ep 
4 0 L  x  r  
 L 
Q 1 1  Q Q  x  Q  2 1 
Ep    EP  
  4 0 r  
  4 0 L  x 2  r 2   L ;
2
4 0 L  r r  L  4 0 r  r  L  L
2
  r2 
At an equatorial point : To find the electric  4 
field due to a rod at a point P situated at a
distance ‘r’ from its centre on its equatorial line Q  2 
Ep   2 
dE dE cos 4 0 r  L  4r  2

 ELECTRIC FIELD DUE TO A UNIFORMLY

P
P CHARGED RING :
dE sin r
r  The intensity of electric field at a distance
+ + + + + + + + +++ + + + +
dx
‘x’ meters from the centre along the axis:
L Consider a circular ring of radius ‘a’ having a
(a) charge ‘q’ uniformly distributed over it as shown
(b)
in figure. Let ‘O’ be the cetnre of the ring .
Consider an element of length dx at a distance A
dx
‘x’ from centre of rod as in figure (b). Charge on
Q a (x, 0) dE2

the element is dq  dx . O  p X
L x dE1
The strength of electric field at P due to this point
dx B
charge dq is dE.
Consider an element dx of the ring at point A.
dq
 dE  The charge on this element is given by
4 0  r 2  x 2 
q qdx
The component dEsin  will get cancelled and dq  dx  charge density dq  dx 
2 a 2 a
net electric field at point P will be due to
a) The intensity of electric field dE1 at point P due
integration of dE cos only..
to the element dx at A is given by
Net electric field strength at point P can be given
as 1 dq
dE1 

L 4 0 r 2
2
Qdx r 1 The direction of dE1 is as shown in figure. The
E p   dE cos    L r  
L
2
x 
2
r 2  x 2 4 0 component of intensity along x-axis will be

2

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ELECTRO STATICS & CAPACITORS JEE-ADV PHYSICS-VOL- II
SR-MAIN-CHEM-VOL-II

1 dq Let us find electric field strength due to this disc

cos   dE1 cos  at a distance ‘x’ from the centre of disc on its
4 0 r 2 axis at point P as shown in figure.
The component of intensity along y-axis will be Consider an elemental ring of radius ‘y’ and
1 dq width dy in the disc as shown in figure. The
sin   dE1 sin  charge on this elemental ring dq can be given as
4 0 r 2
Similarly if we consider an element dx of the dq   2 ydy
ring opposite to A which lies at B, the component {Area of elemental ring ds= dy  2 ydy }
of intensity perpendicular to the axis will be dy
equal and opposite perpendicular to the axis will P
be equal and opposite to the component of x dE
intensity perpendicular to the axis due to element
at A. Hence they cancel each other. Due to
symmetry of ring the component of intensity due Electirc field strength due to a ring of radius Y,
to all elements of the ring perpendicular to the charge Q at a distance x from its centre on its
axis will cancel. axis can be given as
So the resultant intensity is only along the axis Qx
of the ring. The resultant intensity is given by E 3/2
4 0  x 2  y 2 
1 dq
E cos  Due to the lemental ring electric field strength
4 0 r 2
dE at point P can be given as
1 qdx x xdq  2 y dyx
E  2
 (where cos  x / r ) dE  
4 0 2 ar r 3/ 2 3/ 2
4 0  x 2  y 2  4 0  x 2  y 2 
1 qx 1
E   3  dx Net electric field at point P due to whole disc is
4 0  2 a  given by integrating above expression within the
a 2
x 
2 2

limits from 0 to R
 r 3   a 2  x 2 3/ 2  R
 2 xydy
  E   dE   3/ 2

1 qx 1 0 4 0  x 2  y 2 
E  2 a
4 0 2 a  a 2  x 2 3/ 2 R
2 x  1 
R
 x 2 ydy

4 0  3/ 2
  
4 0  x 2  y 2 
E
1 qx 0 x 2
 y2  0
4 0  a 2  x 2 3/ 2
  x 
At its centre x = 0 E 1  2 
2 0  x  R2 
 Electric field at centre is zero.
By symmetry we can say that electric field Electric field strength due to a uniformly charged
strength at centre due to every small segment on disc at a distance x from its surface is given as
ring is cancelled by the electric field at centre   x 
due to the element exactly opposite to it. As in E 1  2 
the figure the electric field at centre due to 2 0  x  R2 
segment A is cancelled by that due to segment B. 
Thus net electric field strength at the centre of a If we put x = 0 we get E  2
0
uniformly charged ring is Ecentre  0 .
Electric dipole: A system of two equal and
ELECTRIC FIELD STRENGTH DUE TO A opposite point chargesfixed at a small distance
UNIFORMLY SURFACE CHARGED DISC constitutes an electric dipole. Electric dipole is
Consider a disc of radius R, charged on its analogous to bar magnet or magnetic dipole in
surface with a charge density  . magnetism. Every dipole has a characteristic
82 NARAYANAGROUP
JEE-ADV PHYSICS-VOL- II ELECTRO STATICS & CAPACITORS
property called dipole moment, which is similar Field at a point on the axial line : (   00 )
to magnetic moment of a bar magnet. If 2a is the 2p
distance between the charges +q and –q, then Eaxial 
4pe0 r3
electric dipole moment is p = q.2a.
Field at a point on the equitorial line (   90 0 )
2a
p
–q +q E eq u ito ria l 
P 4 p e0 r 3
Dipole moment is a vector quantity and its The direction of E at any point is given by
direction is from negative charge to positive
charge as shown. psin q
ELECTRIC FIELD AT ANY POINT DUE Eq 4pe0 r 3
tan f   1
TO A DIPOLE : We know that the electric E r 2p cos q  tan f  tan q
2
field is the -ve gradiant of potential. In polar 4pe0 r 3
form if V is the potential at  r,θ  the electric   tan 1 1 / 2 tan  
field will have two components radial and Note : Electric dipole placed in an uniform electric
transverse components which are represented field experiences torque is given by
by Er & Eθ respectively..
  pE sin  in vector form   p  E
E
Er
E  +q qE
P
 2a sin

qE –q
E

–q O +q The torque on the dipole tends to align the dipole
along the direction of electric field.
 V  p cos q   1 
Then E r        The net force experienced by it is zero.
 r  4pe0 r  r 2  Note : The potential energy of dipole in an electric
 V  field is
 E r   r  V1 V2
2 p cos q  
Er  1  V 
4 p e0r 3  
 E   r     +q

The tranverse component of electric field
–q
1 V   1  psin q 
 E
r  4pe0 r 2 
E   2a sin
r 
p s in q U= – pE cos θ .
Eq   
In vector form U   p.E
4 pe0r3
if q  0o ; t  0 and U  pE
E  E2  E 2R if q  90o ; t  pE and U  0
if q  180o ; t  0 and U  pE
p 2 sin 2 q 4p2 cos2 q  
E  So, if p is parallel to E then, potential energy
4pe r  4pe r 
2 2
3 3
0 0 is minimum and torque on the dipole is zero,
p and the dipole will in stable equilibrium.
E 4cos2 q sin2 q  
If p is anti parallel to E then, potential energy
4pe0r3

p 1  3cos2 q  is maximum and again torque is zero, but it is in

E
4pe0 r 
3  unstable equilibrium

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ELECTRO STATICS & CAPACITORS JEE-ADV PHYSICS-VOL- II
SR-MAIN-CHEM-VOL-II
Note : Work done in rotating a dipole in electric W.E-18: An electric dipole of dipole moment p is
field from an initial angle θ1 with field to final kept at a distance r from an infinite long
charged wire of linear charge density  as
angle θ2 with field is shown. Find the force acting on the dipole ?
W  pE(cos q1  cos q2 )
Note : Force on dipole in non-uniform electric field:
The force on the dipole due to electric field is + P
+
given by F  U (Force = negative potential + r
energy gradient). +
If the electric field is along r , we can write
+
 d  

F  (p.E)
Sol :Field intensity at a distance r from the line of
 dr 
If p and E are along the same direction we can 
 d charge is E
 dE  2  0 r
write F  (pEcos q) or F  p   .
dr 
 dr  dE
OSCILLATORY MOTION OF DIPOLE The force on the dipole is F  p dr
IN AN ELECTRIC FIELD  l 
When dipole is displaced from its position of  p    pl
2
 2p 0 r  2p 0 r 2
equilibrium. The dipole will then experience a
torque given by    pE sin  Here the net force on dipole due to the wire will
be attractive.
For small value of  ,    pE ----------(1) DISTRIBUTED DIPOLE: Consider a half
Where negative sign shows that torque is acting ring with a charge +q uniformly distributed and
against increasing value of  another equal negative charge –q placed at its
Also,   I , centre. Here –q is point charge while +q is
Where, I = moment of inertia and distributed on the ring. Such a system is called
  angular acceleration. distributed dipole.
+q
d 2 dq
 2
d    I d  ---------(ii)
=
R
 d
dt 2     dt 2
–q R –d
 dt 
2qR
Hence, from eqs (i) and (ii), we have The net dipole moment is pnet 

d 2 d 2  pE d 2 f/2
I   pE or   ----(iii);   2qR
dt 2 dt 2 I dt 2
This equation represents simple harmonic motion
If    p net  2  dp cos q ; 

sin  / 2
0
(SHM). when dipole is displaced from its mean If the arrangement is a complete circle,
position by small angle, then it will have SHM.

d 2 pE    pnet  0 .
Eq (iii) can be written as   0 2
dt 2 I FORCE BETWEEN TWO SHORT
On comparing above equation with standard DIPOLES Consider two short dipoles
equation of SHM. seperated by a distance r. There are two
d 2
pE pE possibilities.
2
  2 y  0 , we have ;  2    a) If the dipoles are parallel to each other.
dt I I
I
T  2 , where T is the time period of P1
r
P2
pE
oscillations. E2 E1

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Intensity of electric field at a point P that lies on the
1 3p1p2
F  4p  axis of the ring at a distance x from its centre is
0 r4 1 qx
Asthe E
 force is positive, it is repulsive. Similarly 4 0 3
if p1 || p2 the force is attractive. x 2
 R2  2

b) If the dipoles are on the same axis

 x 
P1 E2 P2 E1 where cos   2 2 
 a  x 
r Where R is the radius of the ring. From the above
1 6p1p 2 expression E = 0 at the centre of the ring.
F   4p  dE
0 r4 E will be maximum when 0.
dx
As the force is negative, it is attractive.
Differentating E w.r.t x and putting it equal to
Quadrapole: We have discussed about
R
elecric dipole with two equal and unlike point zero we get x and
charges separated by a small distance. But in 2
some cases the two charges are not concentrated 2  1 q 
Emax 
at its ends. (Like in water molecule) consider a 3 3  4 0 R 2 
situation as shown in the figure. Here three
Electric field due to a Charged Spherical
charges –2q, q and q are arranged as shown. It
Conductor (Spherical Shell )
can be visualised as the combination of two
‘q’ amount of charge be uniformly distributed
dipoles each of dipole moment p = qd at an angle
over a spherical shell of radius ‘R’
 between them. The arrangment of two electric
dipoles are called quadrapole. As dipole moment q
  Surface charge density,  
is a vector the resultant dipole moment of the 4 R 2
system is p |  2p cos q / 2 .  When point ‘P’ lies outside the shell :
q q 1 q
–q E  2
–2q  =  4 0 r
–q
 This is the same expression as obtained for
q q electric field at a point due to a point charge.
Few other quadrapoles are also as shown in the Hence a charged spherical shell behave as a
following figures. point charge concentrated at the centre of it.
+q +q
1  .4 R 2 q  .R 2
E    ; E 
–2q 4 0 r2 4 r 2 0 r 2
–2q +q

+q When point ‘P’ lies on the shell : E  
0
–q +q When Point ‘P’ lies inside the shell: E = 0
–q 2q –q

+q –q 1
Electric filed at the axis of a circular E
E r2
uniformly charged ring
dq dE sin
r1 = R
a2  x2 dE
y
a   dE cos  Distance from the centre
Q
  dE cos x Note : The field inside the cavity is always zero this
dE
dE sin
is known as elctro static shielding

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Electric filed due to a Uniformly  +vely charged body is considered to be at higher
charged non – conducting sphere potential and -vely charged body is considered
to be at lower potential.
Electric field intensity due to a uniformly  Electric potential at a point is a relative value
charged non-conducting sphere of charge Q, but not an absolute value.
of radius R at a distance r from the centre of  Potential at a point due to a point charge
the sphere
1 Q
q is t he amount of charge be uniformly 
distributed over a solid sphere of radius R. 4 0 r
 Potential due to a group of charges is the
q algebraic sum of their individual potentials.

 = Volume charge density 4 3
R i.e. V  V1  V2  V3  . . . . . .
3
 Two charges +Q and -Q are separated by a
When point ‘P’ lies inside sphere : distance d, the potential on the perpendicular
1 Qr  .r bisector of the line joining the charges is zero.
E
4 0 R 3 for r  R E  3   When a charged particle is accelerated from rest
0

When point ‘P’ lies on the sphere: through a p.d. ' V ' , work done,
1 2 2Vq
1 q . R W  Vq  mv  or  v 
E E 2 m
4 0 R 2 ; 3 0  The work done in moving a charge of q coulomb
When point ‘P’ lies outside the sphere: between two points separated by p.d. V2  V1 is
1 q  . R3 q V2  V1  .
E E 
4 0 r 2 ; 3 0 r 2  The work done in moving a charge from one
E point to another point on an equipotential surface
is zero.
 A hollow sphere of radius R is given a charge Q
the potential at a distance x from the centre is
1
Er E
r2
1 Q x
d
R . x  R 
4  0 R R
Electric Field due to a charged Disc:
Electric field due to a uniformly charged disc
1 Q
with surface charge density  of radius at a  The potential at a distance when x>R is 4  . x .
distance x from the centre of the disc is 0

  x  R
E 1  
20  x 2  R 2  x
If Q is the total charge on the disc, then
 A sphere is charged to a potential. The potential
2Q  x  at any point inside the sphere is same as that of
E 2 
1 
4 0 R  x 2  R 2  the surface.
 Inside a hollow conducting spherical shell,
Electric Potential: Work done to bring a unit E=0, V  0 .
positive charge from infinite distance to a point  Relation among E, V and d in a uniform electric
in the electric field is called electric potential
at that point . V dV
field is E  d (or) E  
W dx
 it is given by V   Electric field is always in the direction of
q decreasing potential .
 It represents the electrical condition or state of The component of electric field in any direction
the body and it is similar to temperature. is equal to the negative of potential gradient in

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that direction. AP  r  a cos q  AP  PM  .
   V   V  V   Hence potential at P due to charge +q situated at
E   i j k
 x y z  1 q
 An equipotential surface has a constant value B is V1  .
40  r  a cos 
of potential at all points on the surface . Similarly potential at P due to charge -q at A is
For single charge q
1 q
V2 
40  r  a cos  .
E
v2
E E

v1 Hence the total potential at P is

v2 v1 V= V1+V2
q v1 q q
V 
E v2 E
4pe0 ra cosq 4pe0 ra cosq
 
E
q 1 1
 Electric field at every point is normal to the V   
equipotential surface passing through that point 4pe0  ra cosq ra cosq 
 No work is required to move a test charge on q 2a cosq 
unequipotential surface. V
4 pe0 r 2 a 2 cos 2 q 
Zero Potential Point Two unlike charges Q1
and -Q2 are seperated by a distance ‘d’. The net But r >> a  r 2  a 2 cos2   r 2
potential is zero at two points on the line joining
p cos q
them, one (x) in between them and the other (y) V 
outside them 4pe0r 2 .
Q1 Q Q Q Hence potential varies inversely as the square
 2 and 1  2 of the distance from the dipole.
x dx y dy
Potential due to a dipole: An electric dipole SPECIAL CASSES
consists of two equal and opposite charges 1) On the axial line : For a point on the axial
seperated by a very small distance. If 'q' is the line   00  Vaxial  p / 4pe0 r volts for a
2

charge and 2a the length of the dipole then electric dipole.

dipole moment will be given by p = (2a)q.
r
N +q
–q
O 
A
a 
M the potential is same at every point. In other
Let AB be a dipole whose centre is at 'O' and 'P'
be the point where the potential due to dipole is
to be determined. Let r ,  be the position co-
ordinates of 'P' w.r.t the dipole as shown in
figure. Let BN & AM be the perpendiculars
drawn on to OP and the line produced along PO.
From geometry ON  a cos   OM . Hence the a)
distance ,BP from +q charge is r  a cos 
[because PB = PN as AB is very small in
comparsion with r].
For similar reason
2) Point on the equitorial line : For a point on the
P equitorial line   90 0 .  Vequitorial  0 Volts .
Equitorial line is a line where the potential is
zero at any point.
a
B Equipotential surfaces : Equipotential
surface in an electric field is a surface on which
words, the locus of all points which have the
same electric potential is called equipotential
surface.
An equipotential surface may be the surface of a
material body or a surface drawn in an electric
field. The important properties of equipotential
surfaces are as given below.
As the potential difference between any two
points on the equipotential surface is zero, no
work is done in taking a charge from one point
to another.

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SR-MAIN-CHEM-VOL-II
b) The electric field is always perpendicular to an infinity is taken as zero. If potential at infinity is V0,
equipotential surface. In other words electric the potential at P is (V–V0).
field or lines of force are perpendicular to the 3) The potential difference is a property of two
equipotential surface. points and not of the charge q0 being moved.
c) No two equipotential surfaces intersect. If they ELECTRIC POTENTIAL DUE TO A
intersect like that, at the point of intersection field LINEAR CHARGE DISTRIBUTION
will have two different directions or at the same Consider a thin infinitely long line charge having
point there will be two different potentials which a uniform linear charge density  placed along
is impossible. YY 1 . Let P is a point at distance ‘r’ from the line
d) The spacing between equipotential surfaces charge then manitude of electri field at point P
enables to identify regions of strong and weak 
dV 1 is given by E  2  r
fields E   . So E  (if dV is constant). 0
dr dr Y
e) At any point on the equipotential surface
+
component of electric field parallel to the surface +
+
is zero. +
In uniform field , the lines of force are straight +
r dS
l O+
and parallel and equipotential surfaces are planes +
+
P E
Gaussian
perpendicular to the lines of force as shown in +
+
surface
figure +
+
Y

equipotential
surface We know that V  r     E .dr

Here E  2  r and E .dr  Edr
0
The equipotential surfaces are a family of

concentric spheres for a uniformly charged sphere So V  r     Edr    2  r dr
or for a point charge as shown in figure 0

  
V  r    log e r   C
equipotential  2 0 
surface
Where C is constant of integration and V(r) gives
electric potential at a distance ‘r’ from the lin-
Equipotential surfaces in electrostatics are ear charge distribution
similar to wave fronts in optics. The wave fronts ELECTRIC POTENTIAL DUE TO INFINITE
in optics are the locus of all points which are in PLANE SHEET OF CHARGE
the same phase. Light rays are normal to the wave (NON CONDUCTING)
fronts. On the other hand the equipotential
Consider an infinite thin plane sheet of positivive
surfaces are perpendicular to the lines of force. charge having a uniform surface charge density
Note : 1) In case of non-uniform electric field, the  on both sides of the sheet. by symmetry , it
field lines are not straight, and in that case follws that the electric filed is perpendicular to
equipotential surfaces are curved but still the plane sheet of charge and directed in out
perpendicular to the field. ward direction.
2) Electric potential and potential energy are always 
defined relative to a reference. In general we The electric field intensity is E  2
0
take zero reference at infinity. The potential at a Electrostatic potential due to an infinite plane
point P in an electric field is V if potential at sheet of charge at a perpendicular distance r from

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the sheet given by V  r     E .dr    Edr  V is constant and is equal to that on the surface
1 q
    So, V  4  R for r  R
V  r    dr   rC 0
2 0  2 0  The varitaion of V with distance ‘r’ from centre
where C is constant ofintegration similarly the is as shown in the graph.
electric pontential due to an infinite plane con-
 1 q
ducting plate at a perpendicular distance r from V VS 
40 R
the plate is given by V  r     E .dr    Edr
v  1/r

   
V  r    dr  
rc r=R r
0   0 ELECTRIC POTENTIAL DUE TO A
where C is constant of intergration UNIFORMLY CHARGED
NON-CONDUCTING SOLID SPHERE:
ELECRTIC POTENTIAL DUE TO A CHARED
Consider a charged sphere of radius R with to-
SPERICAL SHELL (OR CONDUCTING
tal charge q uniformly distributed on it.
SPHERE):
Case (i) : For points Outside the sphere (r > R)
E The electric field at any point is
q P
+ + + dS 1 q
+
+ R r + Charged spherical E , 2 (for r > R)
+ O
+ Shell 4 0 r
+ +
+ +
The potential at any point outside the shell is
Gaussian
Surface V  r     E .dr    Edr
Consider a thin spherical shell of radius R and
having charge+q on the spherical shell. 1 q 1 q
  2
dr  C
Case (i): When point P lies outside the spherical 4 0 r 4 0 r
shell. The electric field at the point is Where C is constant of integration
1 q If r  ,V     0 and C=0
E
4 0 r 2 (for r > R)
1 q
V r   (r > R)
The potential V  r     E .dr    Edr 4 0 r
1 q 1 q Case (ii) : When point P lies on the surface of spheri-
  dr   C cal shell then r = R
4 0 r 2 4 0 r The electrostatic potential at P on the surface is
Where C is constant of integration
1 q
If r   , V     0 and C  0 V
4 0 R
1 q Case (iii) : FOr points inside the sphere (r < R)
V r  r  R
4 0 r 1 qr
The electric field is E
Case (ii) : When point P lies on the surface of spheri- 4 0 R 3
cal shell then r = R
electrostatice potential at P on the surface is + E +
+ + +
1 q + + + + +
V +
4 0 R r +
+ + + +
Case (iii) : For points inside the charged spherical + +
+ +
shell (r < R), the electric field E = 0 R
+
dV
So we can write  0 dV  E .dr   Edr
dr

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ELECTRO STATICS & CAPACITORS JEE-ADV PHYSICS-VOL- II
SR-MAIN-CHEM-VOL-II
v r r
1 qr W.E-19: A charge Q is distributed over two con-
v dV   R E dr   R 4 0 R3 dr centric hollow spheres of radii ‘r’ and R ( >
s r) such that the surface densities are equal.
r Find the potential at the common centre.
1 q  r2 
V  Vs     Sol: If q1 and q2 are the charges on spheres of radii
4 0 R 3  2  R
‘r’ and R respectively, then in accordance with
1 q 1 q  r 2 R2  conservation of charge
V   
4 0 R 4 0 R3  2 2  q1  q2  Q ------(1)
And according to given problem  1   2 ,
1 q 3 r2 
V   
4 0 R  2 2 R 2  q1 q2 q1 r 2
i.e.,  or  ------(2)
At the centre r = 0 then 4 r 2 4 R 2 q2 R 2
1 3q 3 1 q So from Eqs (1) and (2)
Potential at centre VC  4  2 R  2 4  R
0 0 Qr 2 QR 2
q1  q 
The variation of V with distance ‘r’ from centre
is as shown in the graph.
 r 2  R 2  and 2  r 2  R   -----(3)

Now as potential inside a conducting sphere is
v equal to that at its surface, so potential at the
vs
common centre,
vs 1  q1 q2 
V  V1  V2  
vs
4 0  r R 
v  1/r
r<R r<R
Substituting the value of q1 and q2 from Eq.(3)
r=R r
Potential of a charged ring: A charge q is 1  Qr Qr 
V  2 2  2 2 
distributed over the circumference of ring ( either 4 0   R  r   R  r  
 
uniformly or non-uniformly ) , then electric
potent ial at t he cent re of the ring is 1 QR  r

1 q 4 0  R 2  r 2 
V . .
4 o R W.E-20: If electric potential V at any point (x, y,
At distance ‘r’ from the centre of ring on its axis z) all in metres in space is given by V = 4x2
1 q volt. Calculate the electric field at the point
would be V  4 . (1m, 0m, 2m).
o R2  r 2
Sol : As electric field E is related to potential V
Electric potential of a uniformly charged disc through the relation
Consider a uniformly charged circular disc dV
having surface charge density  . E
dr
 Potential a at point on its axial line at distance x dV d
 Ex    (4x 2 )  8x
dx dx
from the centre is V  2  R  x  x 
2 2

o
dV d
Ey     (4x 2 )  0
R dy dy
 At the centre of disc x  0 V
2 o dV d
And, E z     (4x 2 )  0
q dz dz
 For x  R , V  4 x 
o So, E  ˆi E x  ˆj E y  kˆ E z  8xiˆ
R i.e., it has magnitude 8 V/m and is directed along
 Potential on the edge of the disc is V   negative x-axis.
o

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W.E-21: A conducting spherical bubble of radius POTENTIAL ENERGY OFA SYSTEM OF
r and thickness t (t >> r) is charged to a TWO CHARGES IN AN EXTERNAL
potential V. Now it collapses to form a FIELD: Consider two charges q1 and q2 located
spherical droplet. Find the potential of the
droplet. at two points A and B having position vectgors r1
Sol: Here charge and mass are conserved. If R is the and r2 respectively. Let V1 ang V2 be the potentials
radius of the resulting drop formed and  is due to external sources at the two points
4 3 respectively.
densit y of soap solut ion, R   4r 2 t
3 The work done in bringing the charge q1 from
 R  (3r 2 t)1/ 3
1 q infinity to the point A is W1  q1V1
Now potential of the bubble is V 
4 0 r In bringing charge q2 , the work to be done not
or q  4 0 rV only against the external field but also against
Now potential of resulting drop is
1/ 3
the filed due to q1 .
1 q  r
V|    V. The work done in bringing the charge q2 from
4 0 R  3t 
Potential Energy of System of Charges infinity to the point B is W2  q2V2 .
 Two charges Q1 and Q2 are separated by a The workdone on q2 against the field due to q1
distance 'd'. The P.E. of the system of charges is
1 q1q2
U
1 QQ
. 1 2 is W2  4 r where r12 is the distance
4 0 d
from U=W=Vq 0 12

d between q1 and q2 .
Q1 Q2 The total work done in bringing the charge q2
 Three charges Q1 , Q2 , Q3 are placed at the three against the two fields from infinity to the point
vertices of an equilateral triangle of side 'a'. The B is
P.E. of the system of charges is 1 q1q2
W2  q2V2 
1 QQ Q2Q3 Q3Q1  1  Q1Q2 4 0 r12
1 2
U   or U  The tot al work done in assembling t he
4 0  a a a  4 0 a
configuration or the potential energy of the
Q 3
system is
a a 1 q1q2
W  q1V1  q2V2 
4 0 r12
Q 1 a Q 2 W.E-22: Charge q1 is fixed and another point
 A charged particle of charge Q2 is held at rest at charge q2 is placed at a distance r0 from q1 on
a distance 'd' from a stationary charge Q1 . When a frictionless horizontal surface. Find the
velocity of q2 as a function of seperation r
the charge is released, the K.E. of the charge Q2 between them (treat the changes as point
1 Q1Q2 charges and mass of q2 is m)
at infinity is 4  . d . q1 q2
0

 If two like charges are brought closer, P.E of Sol : r0

the system increases. According law of concervation of energy
 If two unlike chargtes are brought closer, P.E of
U1  K1  U2  K 2
the system decreses.
For an attractive system U is always NEGATIVE. 1 q 1q 2 1 q 1q 2 1
0   mv 2
For a repulsive system U is always POSITIVE. 4  0 r0 4   0 r 2
For a stable system U is MINIMUM. 1 q q  1 1 q1 q 2  1 1 
dU mv2  1 2    ; v    
2 4   r
0  0 r  2  0 m  r0 r 
i.e. F   = 0 (for stable system)
dx

NARAYANAGROUP 91
ELECTRO STATICS & CAPACITORS JEE-ADV PHYSICS-VOL- II
SR-MAIN-CHEM-VOL-II
W.E-23: A proton moves with a speed of 7.45 x 105 from law of conservation of energy
m/s directly towards a free proton originally 1 1
mu 2  mv 2  mg 2 .... ( 2 )
at rest. Find the distance of closest approach 2 2
for the two protons. from ( 1 ) and ( 2 );
Given (1 / 4 0 )  9  10 9 m / F; mP  1.67  1027 kg
q2
and e = 1.6 x 10-19 coulomb. u  4g   5  86 m / s
4 o m
Sol: As here the particle at rest is free to move,
when one particle approaches the other, due to W.E-25: If an electron enters into a space between
electrostatic repulsion other will also start the plates of a parallel plate capacitor at an
moving and so the velocity of first particle will an angle  with the plates and leaves at an
decrease while of other will increase and at angle  to the plates, find the ratio of its kinetic
closest approach both will move with same energy while entering the capacitor to that while
velocity. So if v is the common velocity of each leaving.
particle at closest approach, by 'conservation of Sol: Let u be the velocity of electron while entering
momentum'. the field and v be the velocity when it leaves the
1 plates. Component of velocity parallel to the
mu  m  m i.e.,   u plates will remain unchanged.
2
And by 'conservation of energy' u cos 
Hence u cos   u cos   
1 1 1 1 e 2 v cos 
mu 2  m2  m2 
2 2 2 4 0 r 1 2
 mu  2 2
2  u  cos  
4e 2  u    
So, r  1 2  v  cos  
4 0 mu 2 as   2   mv 
  2
And hence substituting the given data,
W.E-26: Figure shows two concentric
4  (1.6  10 19 )2
r  9  10 9   10 12 m conductiong shells of radii r1 and r2 carrying
1.67  10 27  (7.45  105 )2
W.E-24: A small ball of mass 2 x 10–3 kg having a uniformly distributed charages q1 and q2 .
charge of 1C is suspended by a string of respectively. Find out an expression for the
potential of each shell.
length 0.8m. Another identical ball having
+q
the same charge is kept at the point of r 2
2

suspension. Determ ine the minimum +q 1

horizontal velocity which should be impacted r 1

to the lower ball so that it can make complete

revolution :
Sol: To complete the circle at top most point T2 = 0 Sol: The potential of each sphere consists of two
F points:
V
One due to its own charge, and
Second due to the charge on the other sphere.
q Using the principle of superposition, we have
V1  Vr1 , surface  Vr2 ,inside and
U
F V2  Vr1 ,outside  Vr2 , surface
q2 MV2 1 q1 1 q2
Mg 
4 o  2

 Hence, V1  4 r  4 r
0 1 0 2

q 2 1 q1 1 q2
 V2  g 
4  o M
...( 1 ) and V2  4 r  4 r
0 2 0 2

92 NARAYANAGROUP
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W.E-27: In the previous example, if the charge Sol: a) When an object is connected to earth
q1   q0 and the outer shell is earthed, then (grounded), its potential is reduced to zero. Let
a) determine the charge on the outer shell, q ' be the charge on A after it is earthed as shown
and in fig
b) find the potential of the inner shell. Q + q

–q

The charge q ' on A induces  q ' on inner surface

Sol: a) We know that charge on facing surfaces is
equal and opposite. So, if charge on inner sphere of B and  q ' on outer surface of B. In
is q0 , then charge on inner surface of shell equilibrium, the charge distribution is as shown
in fig
should be  q0 . Now, let charge on outer surface Potential of inner sphere = potential due to
of shell be q2 . charge on A+ potential due to charge on B = 0
As the shell is earthed. So its potential should q' q' Q  q'
be zero. So, VA    0
4 0 a 4 0b 4 0b

' a
or q  Q  
b
This implies that a charge Q  a / b  has been
transferred to the earth leaving negative charge
kq0 k   q0  kq2 on A.
Vshell     0  q2  0
r2 r2 r2 Final charge distribution will be as shown in
Hence, charge on outer surface of shell is zero. fig..
Final charges appearing are shown in fig Q ba
+ +
b) Potential of inner sphere: + +
+ b
+ Qa +
kq0 k  q0  q 1 1  + + b

V1    0    +
+ Qa
++

r1 r2 4 0
 r1 r2  +
b +
+ + +
+ + +
W.E-28: Consider two concentric spherical metal + +
shells of radii ‘a’ and b > a. The outer shell As b>a, so charge on the outer surface of outer
has charge Q, but the inner shell has no
charge, Now, the inner shell is grounded. This Q b  a 
means that the inner shell will come at zero shell will be  0.
b
potential and that electric field lines leave the
outer shell and end on the inner shell. b) Potential of outer surface VB  potential due
a) Find the charge on the inner shell. to charge on A + potential due to charge on B.
b) Find the potential on outer sphere.
1 q' 1 Q
VB  Va ,out  Vb ,both surface  
4 0 b 4 0 b

 a
 Q 
1  b 1 Q Q b  a 
  
4 0 b 4 0 b 4 0b 2

NARAYANAGROUP 93
ELECTRO STATICS & CAPACITORS JEE-ADV PHYSICS-VOL- II
SR-MAIN-CHEM-VOL-II
W.E-29: Two circular loops of radii 0.05 and Sol: As the electric field at the centre of a ring is zero,
0.09m, respectively, are put such that their the particle will not come back due to repulsion if it
axes coincide and their centres are 0.12 m crosses the centre fig.
apart. Charge of 106 coulomb is spread 1 2 1 qQ 1 qQ
mv  
uniformly on each loop. Find the potential 2 4 0 r 4 0 R
difference between the centres of loops.
2
q1
r1 r2
q2

R2
But here, Q  2 R and r   3R   R2  2R
R1
O1 O2
x 1 2 1 2 R q  1   q 
So, 2 mv  4 1   or v   
0 R  2  2 0 m 
Sol: The potential at the centre of a ring will be due
to charge on both the rings and as every element  q 
of a ring is at a constant distance from the centre, So, Vmin   
so  2 0 m 

1 q q2  C. U. Q
V1   1 
4 0  R1 R22  x 2  CHARGE & CONSERVATION OF CHARGE
 4 1. Two identical metallic spheres A and B of
9 10 104 
 9 10    exactly equal masses are given equal positive
 5 2
9  12 2
and negative charges respectively. Then
1) mass of A > Mass of B
1 1 
 9  105     2.40  105 V 2) mass of A < Mass of B
 5 15  3) mass of A = Mass of B
4) mass of A  Mass of B
1  q2 q1 
2. Two spheres of equal mass A and B are given
similarly, V2  4  R  2 2

+q and -q charge respectively then
0  2 R1  x 
1) mass of A increases2) mass of B increases
3 1 1  198 3) mass of A remains constant
or V2  9  10      105 4) mass of B decreases
 9 13  117 3 A soap bubble is given a negative charge, then
V2  1.69  105 V its radius.
1) Decreases 2) Increases
So, V1  V2   2.40  1.69   105  71 kV 3) Remanins unchanged
W.E-30: A circular ring of radius R with uniform 4) Nothing can be predicted as information is
positive charge density  per unit length is insufficient
located in the y - z plane with its centre at the COULOMB’S LAW
origin O. A particle of mass ‘m’ and positive 4. Two charges are placed at a distance apart.
charge ‘q’ is projected from the point If a glass slab is placed between them, force
between them will
p   3R, 0, 0  on the negative x-axis directly 1) be zero 2) increase
towards O, with initial speed v. Find the 3) decrease 4) remains the same
smallest (non-zero) value of the speed such 5. A negatively charged particle is situated on a
that the particle does not return to P? straight line joining two other stationary
 particles each having charge +q. The
  Q

 direction of motion of the negatively charged

r  R
q   particle will depend on
P  O  1) the magnitude of charge
 3R , 0, 0 2) the position at which it is situated
 
 3) both magnitude of charge and its position
 

4) the magnitude of +q

94 NARAYANAGROUP
JEE-ADV PHYSICS-VOL- II ELECTRO STATICS & CAPACITORS
6. Four charges are arranged at the corners of a ELECTRIC FIELD
square ABCD as shown in the figure. The force 11. Figure shows the electric lines of force
on the positive charge kept at the centre ‘O’ emerging from a charged body. If the electric
is
A B
field at ‘A’ and ‘B’ are E A and EB
+Q +2Q
respectively and if the displacement between
1) zero O ‘A’ and ‘B’ is ‘r’ then
2) along the diagonal AC
3) along the diagonal BD2QD C
+Q
B
4) perpendicular to side AB A

7. Two identical +ve charges are at the ends of

a straight line AB. Another identical +ve
charge is placed at ‘C’ such that AB=BC. A, 1) EA  EB 2) EA  EB
B and C being on the same line. Now the force EB EB
on ‘A’ 3) E A  4) E A 
r r2
1) increases 2) decreases 12. Figure shows lines of force for a system of
3) remains same 4) we cannot say two point charges. The possible choice for the
8. Two identical pendulums A and B are charges is
suspended from the same point. Both are given
positive charge, with A having more charge
than B. They diverge and reach equilibrium
with the suspension of A and B making q1 q2

angles1 and  2 with the vertical respectively..

1) 1   2 2) 1   2 3) 1   2
4) The tension in A is greater than that in B
1) q1  4 C , q2  1.0 C 2) q1  1 C , q2  4 C
9. Two metal spheres of same mass are
suspended from a common point by a light 3) q1  2 C , q2  4 C 4) q1  3C , q2  2 C
insulating string. The length of each string is 13. Drawings I and II show two samples of electric
same. The spheres are given electric charges field lines
+q on one end and +4q on the other. Which of
the following diagram best shows the resulting
positions of spheres?

1)  2) I II
+q +4q +q  +4q 1) The electric fields in both I and II are
produced. by negative charge locat ed
somewhere on the left and positive charges
4) located somewhere on the right
3)   +q
+q +4q  2) In both I and II the electric field is the same
+4q
every where
10. Two point charges  q and 2q are placed at 3) In both cases the field becomes stronger on
a certain distance apart. Where should a third moving from left to right
point charge be placed so that it is in 4) The electric field in I is the same everywhere,
equilibrium? but in II the electric field becomes stronger on
1) on the line joining the two charges on the moving from left to right
right of 2q 14. An electron is projected with certain velocity
2) on the line joining the two charges on the into an electric field in a direction opposite to
left of  q the field. Then it is
3) between  q and 2q 1) accelerated 2) retarded
4) at any point on the right bisector of the 3) neither accelerated nor retarded
line joining  q and  2q . 4) either accelerated or retarded

NARAYANAGROUP 95
ELECTRO STATICS & CAPACITORS JEE-ADV PHYSICS-VOL- II
SR-MAIN-CHEM-VOL-II
15. The acceleration of a charged particle in a 23. A charged bead is capable of sliding freely
uniform electric field is through a string held vertically in tension. An
1) proportional to its charge only electric field is applied parallel to the string
2) inversely proportional to its mass only so that the bead stays at rest of the middle of
3) proportional to its specific charge the string. If the electric field is switched off
4) inversely proportional to specific charge momentarily and switched on
16. An electron and proton are placed in an 1) the bead moves downwards and stops as soon
electric field. The forces acting on them are as the field is switched on
F1 and F2 and their accelerations are a1 and 2) the bead moved downwards when the field is
switched off and moves upwards when the field
a2 respectively then is switched on
1) F1  F2 2) F1  F2  0 3) the bead moves downwards with constant
acceleration till it reaches the bottom of the
3) a1  a2 4) a1  a2 string
17. The bob of a pendulum is positively charged. 4) the bead moves downwards with constant
Another identical charge is placed at the point velocity till it reaches the bottom of the string
of suspension of the pendulum. The time period 24. An electron is moving with constant velocity
of pendulum along x-axis. If a uniform electric field is
1) increases 2) decreases applied along y-axis, then its path in the x-y
3) becomes zero 4) remains same. plane will be
18. Intensity of electric field inside a uniformly 1) a straight line 2) a circle
charged hollow sphere is 3) a parabola 4) an ellipse
1) zero 2) non zero constant 25. An electron of mass M e , initially at rest ,
3) change with r moves through a certain distance in a uniform
4) inversely proportional to r
19. A positive charge q0 placed at a point P near electric field in time t1 . proton of mass M p
a charged body experiences a force of also initially at rest, takes time t2 to move
repulsion of magnitude F, the electric field E through an equal distance in this uniform
of the charged body at P is electric field. Neglecting the effect of gravity
F F F the ratio t2 / t1 is nearly equal to
1) q 2)  q 3)  q 4) F
0 0 0

20. A cube of side b has charge q at each of its 1) 1 2) M p / M e 3) M e / M p 4) 1836

vertices. The electric field at the centre of 26. Dimensions of  0 are
the cube will be (KARNATAKA CET 2000)
32q q q
1)  M 1 L3T 4 A2  2)  M 0 L3T 3 A3 
1) zero 2) 2 3) 2 4) 2
b 2b b
3)  M 1 L3T 3 A  4)  M 1 L3TA2 
21. An electron and proton are sent into an
electric field. The ratio of force experienced 27. Two point charges q and -2q are placed some
by them is distance d apart. If the electric field at the
1) 1 : 1 2) 1 : 1840 locatiion of q is E, that at the location of -2q
3) 1840 : 1 4) 1 : 9.11 is (1987)
22. An electron enters an electric field with its E E
1)  2) –2E 3) 4) – 4E
velocity in the direction of the electric lines 2 2
of force. Then dV
1) the path of the electron will be a circle 28. E   , here negative sign signified that
dr
2) the path of the electron will be a parabola
1) E is opposite to V 2) E is negative
3) the velocity of the electron will decrease
3) E increases when V decreases
4) the velocity of the electron will increase
4) E is directed in the direction of decreasing V

96 NARAYANAGROUP
JEE-ADV PHYSICS-VOL- II
 36. Electric potential at some point in space is zero.
29. An electron moves with a velocity v in an
  Then at that point
electric field E . If the angle between v and

E is neither 0 nor  , then path followed by
the electron is
1) straight line 2) circle
3) ellipse 4) parabola
30. A charged particle is free to move in an
electric field
1) It will always move perpendicular to the line
of force
2) It will always move along the line of force in
the direction of the field.
3) It will always move along the line of force
opposite to the direction of the field.
4) It will always move along the line of force in
the direction of the field or opposite to the
direction of the field depending on the nature of
the charge
31. Two parallel plates carry opposite charges
such that the electric field in the space
between them is in upward direction. An
electron is shot in the space and parallel to
the plates. Its deflection from the original
direction will be
1) Upwards 2) Downwards
3) Circular 4) does not deflect
ELECTRIC POTENTIAL AND
POTENTIAL ENERGY
32. Potential at the point of a pointed conductor
is
1) maximum 2) minimum
3) zero 4) same as at any other point
33. An equipotential line and a line of force are
1)perpendicular to each other
2)parallel to each other
3) in any direction 4) at an angle of 450
34. When a positively charged conductor is placed
near an earth connected conductor, its
potential
1) always increases 2) always decreases
3) may increase or decrease 4) remains the same
35. If a unit charge is taken from one point to
another over an equipotential surface, then
1) work is done on the charge
2) work is done by the charge
3) work on the charge is constant
4) no work is done
NARAYANAGROUP
ELECTRO STATICS & CAPACITORS
1) electric intensity is necessarily zero
2) electric intensity is necessarily non zero.
3) electric intensity may or may not be zero
4) electric intensity is necessarily infinite.
37. When an electron approaches a proton, their
electro static potential energy
1) decreases 2) increases
3) remains unchanged 4) all the above
38. An electron and a proton move through a
potential difference of 200V. Then
1) electron gains more energy
2) proton gains more energy
3) both gain same energy
4) none of them gain energy
39. Two charges +q and –q are kept apart. Then
at any point on the right bisector of line joining
the two charges.
1) the electric field strength is zero
2) the electric potential is zero
3) both electric potential and electric field
strength are zero
4) both electric potential and electric field
strength are non - zero
40. When ‘n’ small drops are made to combine to
form a big drop, then the big drop’s
1) Potential increases to n1/3 times original
potential and the charge density decreases to
n1/3 times original charge
2) Potential increases to n2/3 times original
potential and charge density increases to n1/3
times original charge density
3) Potential and charge density decrease to
n1/3 times original values
4) Potential and charge density increases to ‘n’
times original values
41. A hollow metal sphere of radius 5cm is charged
such that the potential on its surface is 10V.
The potential at the centre of the sphere is
1) 0 V 2) 10 V
3) same as at point 5cm away from the surface
4) same as at point 25cm from the surface
42. The work done (in Joule) in carrying a charge
of ‘x’ coulomb between two points having a
potential difference of ‘y’ volt is
x x2 y
1) 2) 3) 4) xy
y y x
97
ELECTRO STATICS & CAPACITORS
43. Two charges q and -q are kept apart. Then at
any point on the perpendicular bisector of line
joining the two charges. (2008E)
1) the electric field strength is zero
2) the electric potential is zero
3) both electric potential and electric field
strength are zero
4) both electric potential and electric field
strength are non-zero
44. Electric potential at the centre of a charged
hollow spherical conductor is
1) zero
2) twice as that on the surface
3) half of that on the surface
4) same as that on the surface
45. Which of the following pair is related as in
work and force
1) electric potential and electric intensity
2) momentum and force
3) impulse and force
4) resistance and voltage
46. The equipotential surfaces corresponding to
single positve charge are concentric spherical
shells with the charge at its origin. The
spacing between the surfaces for the same
change in potential
1) is uniform throughout the field
2) is getting closer as r  
3) is getting closer as r  0
4) can be varied as one wishes to
47. Four identical charges each of charge q are
placed at the corners of a square. Then at the
centre of the square the resultant electric
intensity E and the net electric potential V
are
1) E  0, V  0 2) E  0, V  0
3) E  0, V  0 4) E  0, V  0
48. Two positive charges q and q are placed at
the diagonally opposite corners of a square
and two negative charges -q and -q are placed
at the other two corners of the square. Then
at the centre of the square the resultant 55. The p.d V B  Vc  between two points from C
electric intensity E and the net electric
potential V are
1) E  0, V  0 2) E  0, V  0
3) E  0, V  0 4) E  0, V  0
98
JEE-ADV PHYSICS-VOL- II
SR-MAIN-CHEM-VOL-II
49. Two copper spheres of the same radii, one
hollow and the other solid, are charged to the
same potential, then
1) hollow sphere holds more charge
2) solid sphere holds more charge
3) both hold equal charge
4) we can’t say
50. Equipotential surfaces are shown in figure a
and b. The field in
3V0 2V0 V0
9V0 r0 2r0
4V0 V0
3r0
x0 x0
FIGURE (A) FIGURE (B)
1) a is uniform only 2) b is uniform only
3) a and b is uniform 4)both are nonuniform
51. Due to the motion of a charge, its magnitude
1) changes
2) does not changes
3) increases (or) decreases depends on its speed
4) can not be predicted
52. Induction preceeds attraction because
1) an uncharged body can attract an uncharged
body due to induction of opposite charge on it
2) a charged body can attract an uncharged body
due to induction of same charge on it.
3) a charged body can attract an uncharged body
due to induction of opposite charge on it.
4) a charged body can attract another charged
body due to induction of same charge on it.
53. The coulomb electrostatic force is defined for
1) two spherical charges at rest
2) two spherical charges in motion
3) two point charges in motion
4) two point charges at rest

 F
54. The Electric field is given by E  q , here
0
the test charge ‘q0’ should be
a) Infinitesimally small and positive
b) Infinitesimally small and negative
1) only a 2) only ‘b’
3) a (or) b 4) neither ‘a’ or ‘b’
to B
1) does not depend on the path
2) depends on the path
3) depends on test charge
4) independent of electric field
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JEE-ADV PHYSICS-VOL- II ELECTRO STATICS & CAPACITORS
56. Match List-I with List-II 58. Match the following
List-I List-II List-I List-II
a) proton and e) gains same velocity a) Fluid flow d) Temperature
difference
electron in an elctric field for b) Heat flow e) Pressure
same time difference
b) proton and f) gains same KE in an c) Charge flow f)Potential difference
positron electric field for same time. 1) a  e, b  d , c  f
c) Deutron and g) experience same 2) a  d , b  e, c  f
 - particle force in electric field
3) a  f , b  e, c  d
d) electron and h) gains same KE
positron when accelerated 4) a  e, b  f , c  d
by same potential 59. Match List-I with List-II
difference. List-I List-II
a) Two like charges e) the force between
1) a  h, b  g , c  e, d  f are brought nearer them decreases.
2) a  h, b  g , c  f , d  e b) Two unlike f) potential energy
charge of some of the system
3) a  g , b  h, c  e, d  f
brought nearer increases
4) a  e, b  f , c  g , d  h c) When a third g) mut ual forces are
57. Match List-I with List-II charge of same not affected
nature is placed
List-I List-II
equidistance from
a) Electric potential e) inversly proportional
two like charges
inside a charged to square of the d) When a dielectric h) potential energy
conducting sphere distance (r )2 medium is introduced of the system
between two charges decreases
b) Electric potential f) directly proportional
1) a  h, b  f , c  g , d  e
charged sphere outside the conducting
to distance 2) a  f , b  h, c  g , d  e

 r  from the centre 3) a  h, b  f , c  e, d  g

4) a  g , b  e, c  f , d  h
c) Electric field g) constant
60. Match the following :
inside the non
a) Electric field e) Constant
conducting
outside a conducting
charged sphere charged sphere
d) Electric field h) inversly b) Electric potential out f) directly propor
charged sphere outside a side the conducting national to
conducting charged sphere distance from
proportional to centre
distance ( r ) c) Electric field inside g) inversely propor
a non-conducting tional to the
1) a  f , b  e, c  g , d  h charged sphere distance
2) a  e, b  f , c  h, d  g d) Electric potential in h) inversely
side a charged proportional to
3) a  h, b  g , c  e, d  f conducting sphere the square of the
4) a  g , b  h, c  f , d  e distance

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ELECTRO STATICS & CAPACITORS JEE-ADV PHYSICS-VOL- II
SR-MAIN-CHEM-VOL-II

1) a  h, b  g , c  e, d  f 66. An electric dipole placed in a nonuniform

electric field experiences
2) a  e, b  f , c  h, d  g
1) a force but no torque
3) a  h, b  g , c  f , d  e 2) a torque but no force
4) a  g , b  h, c  f , d  e 3) a force as well as a torque
4) neither a force nor a torque
DIPOLE
67. If Ea be the electric field intensity due to a
61. The angle between electric dipolemoment
p and the electric field E when the dipole is short dipole at a point on the axis and Er be
in stable equilibrium that on the perpendicular bisector at the same
1) 0 2)  / 4 3)  / 2 4)  distance from the dipole, then
62. ‘Debye’ is the unit of 1) Ea  Er 2) Ea  2 Er
1) electric flux 2) electric dipolemoment 3) Er  2 Ea 4) Ea  2 Er
3) electric potential 4) electric field intensity
63. The electric field at a point at a distance r 68. The electric potential due to an extremely
from an electric dipole is proportional to short dipole at a distance r from it is
proportional to
1 1 1
1) 2) 2 3) 3 4) r 2 1 1 1 1
r r r 1) 2) 2 3) 3 4) 4
64. An electric dipole placed with its axis in the r r r r
direction of a uniform electric field 69. An electric dipole when placed in a uniform
experiences electric field will have minimum potential
1) a force but not torque energy, if the angle between dipole moment
2) a torque but no force and electric field is
3) a force as well as a torque 1) zero 2)  / 2 3)  4) 3 / 2
4) neither a force nor a torque 70. The angle between the electric dipole moment
65. An electric dipole is placed in a non uniform and the electric field strength due to it, on
electric field increasing along the +ve the equatorial line is
1) 00 2) 900 3) 1800 4) 600
direction of X - axis. In which direction does
71. A metallic shell has a point charge q kept
the dipole
inside its cavity. Which one of the following
Y diagrams correctly represents the electric
lines of forces ?
q

X X 1) 2)

q

Y

1) move along + ve direction of X - axis, rotate 3) 4)

clockwise
2) move along - ve direction of X - axis, rotate
clockwise ASSERTION & REASON
3) move along + ve direction of X - axis, rotate In each of the following questions, a statement
anti clockwise of Assertion (A) is given followed by a
4) move along - ve direction of X - axis, rotate corresponding statement of Reason (R) just
anti clockwise below it. Mark the correct answer.

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JEE-ADV PHYSICS-VOL- II
1) Both ‘A’ and ‘R’ are true and ‘R’ is the
correct explanation of ‘A’
2) Both ‘A’ and ‘R’ are true and ‘R’ is not
the correct explanation of ‘A’
3) ‘A’ is true and ‘R’ is false
4) ‘A’ is false and ‘R’ is true
72. Assertion(A) : Force between two point
charges at rest is not changed by the presence
of third point charge between them.
Reason(R): Force depends on the magnitude
of the first two charges and seperation
between them
73. Assertion (A): Electric potential at any point
on the equatorial line of an electric dipole is
zero
Reason (R): Electric potential is scalar
74. Assertion (A) : Electrons always move from
a region of lower potential to a region of
highe potential
Reason (R) : Electrons carry a negative
charge
75. Assertion(A): A metallic shield in form of a
hollow shell may be built to block an electric
field.
Reason (R): In a hollow spherical shield, the
electric field inside it is zero at every point.
76. Assertion (A): For practical purpose, the
earth is used as a reference for zero potential
in electrical circuits.
Reason (R): The electrical potential of a
sphere of radius R with charge Q uniformly
Q 86.
distributed on the surface is given by 4 R
0
77. Assertion(A): Coulomb force between
charges is central force
Reason (R): Coulomb force depends on
medium between charges
78. Assertion(A): Electric and gravitational fields
are acting along same line. When proton and
 - particle are projected up veritically along
that line, the time of flights is less for proton.
Reason (R): In the given electric field
acceleration of a charged particle is directly
proportional to specific charge
79. Assertion(A): When a proton with certain
energy moves from low potential to high
potential then its KE decreases.
Reason (R): The direction of electric field is
opposite to the potential gradient and work
done against it is negative.
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ELECTRO STATICS & CAPACITORS
80. Assertion(A): In bringing an electron towards
a proton electrostatic potential energy of the
system increases.
Reason (R): Potential due to proton is positive
81. Assertion(A): The surface of a conductor is
an equipotential surface
Reason (R): Conductor allows the flow of
charge
82. Assertion (A) : A charge ' q1 ' exerts some
force on a second charge ' q 2 ' . If a third
charge ' q3 ' is brought near , the force
exerted by q1 on q 2 does not change
Reason (R): The elecrtostatic force between
two charges is independent of presence of
third charge
83. Assertion (A) : A point charge 'q' is rotated
along a circle around another point charge
Q. The work done by electric field on the
rotating charge in half revolution is zero.
Reason (R) : No work is done to move a
charge on an equipotential line or surface.
84. Assertion: (A): Work done by electric force
is path independent.
Reason: (R): Electric force is conservative
85. Assertion (A): In bringing an electron towards
a proton electrostatic potential energy of the
system increases.
Reason (R): Potential due to proton is
positive.
Assertion(A): Two particles of same charge
projected with different velocity normal to
electric field experience same force
Reason (R): A charged particle experiences
force, independent of velocity in electric field
87. Assertion(A): The coulomb force is the
dominating force in the universe
Reason (R): The coulomb force is stronger
than the gravitational force.
88. Assertion(A): A circle is drawn with a point
positive charge   q  at its centre. The work
done in taking a unit positive charge once
around it is zero
Reason (R): Displacement of unit positive
charge is zero
89. Assertion(A): Electric potential at any point
on the equatorial line of electric dipole is zero.
Reason (R): Electric potential is scalar
101
ELECTRO STATICS & CAPACITORS
90. Assertion(A): The potential at any point due 95. Out of the following statements
to a group of ' N ' point charges is simply
arrived at by the principle of superposition
Reason (R): The potential energy of a system
of two charges is a scalar quantity
91. Assertion (A): The electrostatic potential
energy is independent of the manner in which
the cofiguration is achieved
Reason (R): Electrostatic field is conservative
field
STATEMENT QUESTIONS
92. Statement-1:- For a charged particle moving
from point P to point Q, the net work done by
an electrostatic field on the particle is
independent of the path connecting point P to
point Q.
Statement-2:- The net work done by a
conservative force on an ojecte moving along
a closed loop is zero
1) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is true,
Statement-2 is the correct explanation of
statement-1.
2) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is true,
Statement-2 is not the correct explanation of
statement-1.
3) Statement-1 is false, Statement-2 is true.
4) Statement-1 is true, Statement-2 is false
93. A dielectric slab of thickness d is inserted in a
parallel plate capacitor whose negative plate
is at x = 3d. The slab is equidistant from the
plates. The capacitor is given some charge.
As ‘x’ goes from 0 to 3d:
1) the magnitude of the electric field remains
the same
2) the direction of the electric field remains the
same
3) the electric potential increases continuously
4) the electric potential dicreases at first, then
increases and again dicreases
94. Choose the wrong statement
1) Work done in moving a charge on equipotential
surface is zero.
2) Electric lines of force are always normal to
an equipotential surface
3) When two like charges are brought nearer,
then electrostatic potential energy of the system
gets decreased.
4) Electric lines of force diverge from positive
charge and converge towards negative charge.
102
JEE-ADV PHYSICS-VOL- II
SR-MAIN-CHEM-VOL-II
A. Three charge system can not have zero
mutual potential energy
B. The mutual potential energy of a system
of charges is only due to positive charges
1) A is wrong and B is correct
2) A is correct and B is wrong
3) Both A and B are correct
4) Both A and B are wrong
96. Statement A: Electrical potential may exist
at a point where the electrical field is zero
Statement B : Electrical Field may exist at a
point where the electrical potential is zero.
Statement C : The electric potential inside a
charge conducting sphere is constant.
1) A, B are true 2) B,C are true
3) A,C are true 4) A,B,C are true
97. Statement A: If an electron travels along the
direction of electric field it gets accelerated
Statement B: If a proton travels along the
direction of electric field it gets retarded
1) Both A & B are true2) A is true, B is false
3) A is false, B is true 4) Both A & B are false
98. A : Charge cannot exist without mass but mass
can exist without charge.
B : Charge is invariant but mass is variant
with velocity
C : Charge is conserved but mass alone may
not be conserved.
1) A, B, C are true 2) A, B, C are not true
3) A, B are only true 4) A, B are false, C is true
99. A particle of mass m and charge q is fastened
to one end of a string fixed at point O. The
whole system lies on a frictionless horizontal
plane. Initially, the mass is at rest at A. A
uniform electric field in the direction shown
is then switched on. Then
A
E
l
0
60
O B
1) the speed of the particle when it reaches B is
2qE
m
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JEE-ADV PHYSICS-VOL- II ELECTRO STATICS & CAPACITORS
2) the speed of the particle when it reaches B is qE
c) amplitude of oscillation is
qE k
m d) Block will oscillate but not simple
harmonically
3) the tension in the string when particles
Choose the correct answer
Eq 1) a and b are true 2) d is true
reaches at B is .
2 3) a,b,c are true 4) a,b,c,d are true
4) the tension in the string when the particle 102. A charge is moved against repulsion. Then
reaches at B is qE. there is
100. A conducting sphere A of radius a, with A) decreasing its kinetic energy
charge Q, is placed concentrically inside a B) increasing its potential energy
conducting shell B of radius b. B is earthed. C) increasing both the energies
C is the common centre of the A and B D) decreasing both the energies.
1) A, B, C, D are true 2) A, B, C are true
B
3) A, B are true 4) A only true
Q
A
a 103. Which of the following statements are correct?
C a) The electrostatic force does not depend on
medium in which the charges are placed
b) The electrostatic force between two
p) The field at a distance r from C, where charges does not exist in vacuum
c) The gravitational force between masses
Q can be usually neglected in comparision with
a  r  b , is k
r2 electrostatic force
q) The potential at a distance r from C, where d) Any excess charge given to a conductor,
Q not always resides on the outer surfaceof the
a  r  b , is k conductor.
r
1) both a & c 2) only ' c ' 3) both c & d 4) all
r) The potential difference between A and B
104. The property of the electric line of force
1 1 a) The tangent to the line of force at any point
is kQ   
a b is parallel to the directio of ' E ' at the point
s) The potential at a distance r from C, where b) No two lines of force intersect each other
1) both a & b 2) only a 3) only b 4) a or b
1 1 
a  r  b , is kQ  r  b  105. Which of the following statements are
correct.
Choose the correct answer a) Electric lines of force are just imaginary
1. p and r are true 2. q is true lines
3. p,r,s are true 4. p,q,r,s are true b) Electric lines of force will be parallel to
101. A block of mass m is attached to a spring of the surface of conductor
force constant k. Charge on the block is q. A c) If the lines of force are crowded, them field
horizontal electric field E is acting in the is strong
direction as shown. Block is released with d) Electric lines of force are closed loops
the spring in unstretched position 1) both a & c 2) both b & d
E 3) only a 4) all
k
q, m 106. Statement(A): Negative charges always move
from a higher potential to lower potential point
smooth Statement (B): Electric potential is vector.
a) block will execute SHM 1) A is true but B is false
2) B is true but A is false
m
b) Time period of oscillation is 2  3) Both A and B false
k
4) Both A and R are true
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ELECTRO STATICS & CAPACITORS JEE-ADV PHYSICS-VOL- II
SR-MAIN-CHEM-VOL-II
107. Statement (A): A solid conducting sphere
E E
holds more charge than a hollow conducting
sphere of same radius a) b)
Statement (B) : Two spheres A and B are
r r
connected by a conducting wire. No charge
will flow from A to B, when their radii are R
and 2R and charges on them are 2q and q V V
respectively
1) A is true, B is false c) d)
2) A is false B is true
r r
3) Both A and B are true
4) Both A and B are false Choose the correct answer
108. A ring with a uniform charge Q and radius R, 1) b and c are true 2) a is true
is placed in the yz plane with its centre at the 3) a,b,c are true 4) a,b,c,d are true
origin 111. Two concentric shells of radii R and 2R have
a) The field at the origin is zero given charges q and – 2q as shown in figure.
In a region r < R
Q
b) The potential at the origin is k 2q
R
q
Q
c) The filed at the point (x, 0, 0) is k 2
x R r

Q
d) The field at the point (x, 0, 0) is k
R  x2
2 2R

Choose the correct answer a) E = 0 b) E  0 c) V = 0 d) V  0

1) a and b are true 2) c is true Choose the correct answer
3) a,b,c are true 4) a,b,c,d are true 1) a and c are true 2) c is true
109. A positively charged thin metal ring of radius 3) a,d,c are true 4) a,b,c,d are true
R is fixed in the xy plane, with its centre at
the origin O. A negatively charged particle P C.U.Q - KEY
is released from rest at the point (0, 0, z0), 1) 2 2) 2 3) 2 4) 3 5) 2 6) 3
where z0>0. Then the motion of P is 7) 1 8) 3 9)1 10) 2 11) 1 12) 1
a) Periodic, for all value of z0 satisfying 13) 4 14) 1 15) 3 16) 2 17) 4 18) 1
0  z0   19) 2 20) 1 21) 1 22) 3 23) 4 24) 3
b) Simple harmonic, for all values of z0 25) 2 26) 1 27) 3 28) 4 29) 4 30) 4
31) 2 32) 4 33) 1 34) 2 35) 4 36) 3
satisfying 0  z0  R
37) 1 38) 3 39) 2 40) 2 41) 2 42) 4
c) Approximately simple harmonic, provided 43) 2 44) 4 45) 1 46) 3 47) 3 48) 2
z0<<R 49) 3 50) 1 51) 2 52) 3 53) 2 54) 1
d) Such that P crosses O and continues to move 55) 1 56) 1 57) 1 58) 1 59) 2 60) 3
along the negative z-axis towards z   61) 1 62) 1 63) 3 64) 4 65) 1 66) 3
Choose the correct answer 67) 2 68) 2 69) 1 70) 3 71) 3 72) 1
1) a and b are true 2) c is true 73) 1 74) 1 75) 1 76) 2 77) 2 78) 1
3) a,c,d are true 4) a,b,c,d are true 79) 2 80) 4 81) 2 82) 2 83) 1 84) 1
110. A circular ring carries a uniformly distributed 85) 4 86) 1 87) 4 88) 2 89) 2 90) 2
positive charge. The electric field (E) and 91) 1 92) 1 93) 2 94) 3 95) 4 96) 4
potential (V) varies with distance (r) from the 97) 4 98) 1 99) 2 100) 3 101) 3 102) 3
centre of the ring along its axis as 103) 2 104) 1 105) 1 106) 3 107) 4 108) 1
109) 1 110) 1 111) 1
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