2020 - 2021

“The Different types of Parenting Style in

the Philippines and its Effect to the
Children”

Presented to:
Mrs. Vanessa D. Maravilla
Humanities and Social Sciences
Holy Nazarene Christian School

In partial fulfillment of the requirements to Inquiries, Investigation, and Immersion

By:
Carla Mae A. Caparos
Grade 12 - Chronicles (HUMSS) 2021
Background of the Study

One of the interesting things about being a parent is having a great variation on how to raise a
children. The parenting style that the children receive during childhood and adolescence plays a
great influence in the children life. Parents basically mold and shape their children into adults
through their world of influence (Baumrind,1971).

The major obstacle of Parenting style is how can it affect the children. It is important to ensure
that parenting style supports healthy growth and development. Parenting style refers to the
combination of strategies that the parents use to raise children. It is important to study the
different parenting style in the Philippines to find out the relationship between parenting styles
and the effects of these styles on children mental health and development. The work of Diane
Baumrind in the 1960s created one commonly-referenced categorization of parenting styles.

The four Baumrind parenting styles have distinct names and characteristics: (1) Authoritarian
parenting styles generally lead to children who are obedient and proficient, but they rank lower
in happiness, social competence, and self-esteem. Children are aggressive, but can also be
socially inept, shy and cannot make their own decisions. (2) Authoritative parenting styles tend
to result in children who are happy, capable, and successful. Children raised from this style are
more likely to become independent, self-reliant, socially accepted, academically successful, and
well-behaved. (3) Permissive parenting styles often results in children who rank low in
happiness and self-regulation. Children are more likely to experience problems with authority
and tend to perform poorly in school. (4) Uninvolved parenting styles rank lowest across all life
domains. Children tend to have a lack of self-control, have low self-esteem, and they are less
competent than their peers.
In the Philippines they particularly highlighted the importance of parenting, in which the family
is generally seems central to one’s social world (Jocano, 1998). According to the Local and
Cultural researchers the Filipino family is characterized by cohesiveness, respect for elders,
deference to parental authority, and fulfillment of mutual obligations (Chao & Tseng, 2002;
Medina, 2001). Parenting in the Philippines, is in terms of the attitudes and behaviors towards
children, the nature of parent-child interactions, and the differentiated roles of mothers and
fathers, and children. The pertinent themes that characterize Filipino parenting include parental
authority and control, and the expectation of obedience on the part of children; family cohesion
and interdependence; and the value of meeting familial obligations. Filipino parents often
employ different parenting styles in relating with their children and has a similar system with
Chinese families.

Moreover, classic studies carried out and demonstrated years ago that parenting style varies in
accordance with social and cultural reference groups, and that Asian-American and Hispanic
families were more authoritarian and less authoritative than their European-American
counterparts. The studies also highlight the importance of taking social and cultural aspects into
account when attempting to understand how parenting styles affect children’s wellbeing, since it
should not be forgotten that parents’ childrearing beliefs, attitudes and behaviors are constructed
and interpreted within their historical and cultural contexts.
Communication should be apply between the parents and the children. It is generally included in
the subject Disciplines and Ideas in the Applied Social Sciences. The communication is
important in parenting style because it is a very effective method for the parents to makes them
understand the feelings of their children emotion it can be both verbal and nonverbal. It is
important for parents to communicate effectively with their children. Healthy communication
between the parents and children helps them to grow self-esteem and responsibility, while
unhealthy communication leads to undisciplined life. Always use languages that support your
child, avoid being judgmental towards them and always try to find something a way to connect
with them. Open and effective communication benefits the surroundings of family, children will
also be much disciplined and will try to enhance their participation. Parenting is more effective
when effective communication is applied.

Preliminary Literature Review

Studies have revealed that Filipino parents, in general, subscribe to authoritarian attitudes. In a
nine-country study, Filipino parents rated authoritarian attitudes higher relative to other
countries, and progressive and modern childrearing attitudes lower (Bornstein et al.2011 ;
Alampay and Jocson2011 ). Similarly, in the cross-national Value of Children (VOC) study
conducted in the 1970s, the quality that 63 % of Filipino mothers most valued in their children is
“to mind their parents”, the most popular response, while 25 % indicated “to be a good person”.

In contrast, only 5 % cited independence and self-reliance as a quality they desire in their
children (Hoffman1988 ). Obedience was also a frequent response when rural and urban mothers
were asked to define a good and competent child (Durbrowet al.2001 ). Filipino children
generally adhere to their parents’ views in their own definitions of “good child”: a child must
obey his or her parents and refrain from talking back, and show concern and care for their
parents especially in their old age(Dela Cruz et al.2001 ).Such valuing of obedience, in turn,
shapes the strategies and interactions of parents with their children. Specifically, authoritarian
attitudes positively predict endorsement of physical punishment and the frequency of its use
among Filipino parents (Jocsonet al.2012).

Disiplina, or discipline, is a dominant theme of Filipino childrearing, and disobedience is the

transgression that most often warrants disciplinary action. Acts of disobedience include non-
compliance with parents’ rules, orders, or requests; talking back to parents; being naughty by
causing younger siblings to cry; interrupting adult conversations with disrespectful chatter; play-
fighting with children or siblings; and disrupting order in the house or an event with unnecessary
noise or activity (Sanapo and Nakamura2011 ). Physical punishment, such as spanking and
slapping extreme-ties with the hand or an object, is not uncommon, with about 74 % of Filipino
parents reporting its use in a given month (Lansford et al.2010 ; Sanapo and Nakamura2011
),and even with adolescent children (NFO-Trends2001 ).
Other forms are verbal reprimands, threatening, shaming, and comparisons with other children
(Dela Cruzet al.2001 ; Jocano1970 ; Licuanan1979 ; Medina2001 ; Ramiro et al.2005 ; Sanapo
and Nakamura2011 ).

Discipline is normative in the culture of the Philippines, and children that have been socialized to
accept it as part of their parents guidance, its effects are not always positive. When physical
discipline is perceived as unduly harsh and underserved, children report feeling deeply hurt (Dela
Cruz et al.2001 ). Others report anger, sadness, fear, frustration, and even hatred towards their
parents (Sanapo and Nakamura2011 ; Esteban2006 ). More frequent use of physical discipline by
Filipino mothers is likewise associated with higher aggression and anxiety in their children
(Lansford et al.2005 ).

Statement of the Problem/Objectives

The project seek to achieve its main purpose to ascertain the Different Parenting Style in the
Philippines and its effect to the children by focusing on the following specific objectives.
1. To determine how does Cultural Differences in the Philippines affect the Parenting Style of
the parent.
2. To determine how Parenting Styles affect the child mental health.

3. To determine the Different Parenting Style and its influence to the children development.

Abridged Methodology
The study intends to use a survey form questionnaire in determining the different types of
parenting style in the Philippines and its effect to the children. The respondents of this study will
be the Grade 12 Senior High School Students in Holy Nazarene Christian School and 8 section
of Grade 12 will be selected to participated in the process. All of these sections will undergo the
stratified sampling techniques and the students will be chosen as the respondents of the study.
The 20% of the whole population of the Grade 12 students which is 318 will also be taken. The
20% of 318 is 63.6 or 64 that will serve as the representatives of the whole population. And 64
will be divided by 8 sections and it will come up with 8 representatives per sections. The
Descriptive design was chosen for the study to test the hypothesis and as for the data collection
procedures, the process of the study involved the use of questionnaire that will be distributed of
the selected Grade 12 students.
Timeline
The project is expected to be completed in 20 Days with the following indicated as the activities
durations for every section of the project.
Project Section Duration
• Title 2 Days
• Background of the Study 4 Days
• Preliminary Literature 2 Days
Review
• Statement of the Problem/ 3 Days
Objectives
• Abridged Methodology 3 Days
• References 1 Day
• Course Integration 4 Days
• Reviewing Work for Final 1 Day
Submission

Course Integration
The study is associated with Discipline and Ideas in Applied Social Sciences. The Disciplines
and Ideas in the Applied Social Sciences introduces students to the disciplines and ideas that
form part of applied social sciences by drawing on the theories and principles of psychology,
Sociology, anthropology, and other social sciences. The communication falls after the three
Discipline in Applied Social Sciences such as the counseling, social work, and communication,
which are seamlessly threaded together. Communication deals with how human use verbal and
non-verbal messages to create meaning in various contexts. It can be positive or negative,
effective or ineffective. The benefits of effective communication between the parent and the
children is not only for the children, but also for every member of the family. In general, if
communication between parents and their children is good, then their relationships are good as
well. It will also affect the children mental health and development in a positive way that will
benefit the children in their entire life.
Reference
Cherry, K.,& Morin, A.(2020, April). Why Parenting Styles Matter When Raising Children.

https://www.brighthorizons.com/family-resources/parenting-style-four-types-of-parenting

Arbiol, J. (2019, July). Parenting Styles and Gender Roles.

https://www.verywellfamily.com/types-of-parenting-styles-1095045

Bunag, R.N.(2020, September). Parenting Styles in the Philippines.

https://www.jyu.fi/hytk/fi/laitokset/kivi/en/our-department/degree-programmes-

disciplines/communication

Stuck, A.(2020, December). Parenting Styles: Types, Examples, & Impacts.

https://www.parentingscience.com/parenting-styles.html

Parra, A.G.(2019, August). Perceived Parenting Styles and Adjustment during Emerging

Adulthood : A Cross-National Perspective

https://www.verywellmind.com/parenting-styles-

2795072#:~:text=The%20Impact%20of%20Parenting%20Styles&text=Authoritarian%20parenti

ng%20styles%20generally%20lead,happy%2C%20capable%2C%20and%20successful.