cAe Ki NANG MEM GIUP SINH VIEN Sir PHAM
THicH ONG VOl HOAT• DUNG
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HOC
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TAp · H1N LUYiN
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NGHE NGHliP•
1. Thieh ung nghe'la qua trinh dLfa con ngLfO'iVaG
tham gia heat dong hoc t?P va lao dong nghe nghi$p;
lasl!hi$n thl!c hoa dan cac ph&m chat, nang Il!c ngM
nghi$p cua ca nhan.
Su thich ling nghe mrcc het dL1Q'cthg hi$n a giai
dean hoc t~p - rim luy?n nghe'nghi?p (HT- RLNN) CJ
cac tNO'ngchuyen nghi$p, d~y nghe. Trong moi tNO'ng
nay, nhiing yeu cau, d~c diem ve nghe sa dL1Q'Cthg
hi$n ra rang han trong ho~tdong HT - RLNN cua hQc
sinh (HS), sinh vien (SV) - d~c bi$t la trong cac mon
co tinh chat nghi$p v~, chuyen bi$t (vi dlr v6'i SV ki
thu?t lacac mon hQcthuoc va kithu?t; v6'isinh vien SLf
; , ph~m (SVSP) lacac mon Tam Ii - Giao dl!ehay Ren
luy?n nghi?p VI! 5Lfph~m, .., NgL1aihQCsa bL16'cdau
dL1Q'c"thti thach" v6i cac ho~t dQng thl!c t?P nghe.
• £>ieu nay co y nghia vo cLIng to l6'n bai do la Sl! trai
nghi$m dau lien ve nghe, khAng dinh gia tri cua nghe,
" gop phan cung co hung thu va Ii tL1ang nghe CJ hQ,
Trong giai do~n nay, sa co nhLing dap ling khac nhau
CJ m6i HS, SV trong qua trinh so sanh nhu cau, nang
Il!c ban than v6'i yeu cau hQc t?P va RLNN a trL1ang
chuyen nghi$p. Tvdo, co the xuat hi$n nhfrng thai do,
tam tr~ng khac nhau: hai long, tl! tin hay chan nan,
h~t h~ng, ... phl,l thuQc VaGmuc dQ thich ung cua hQ
. " v6'iho?tdQngHT-RLNNO-nhatrL1ang. ~ xV c6 van h6a trong giao tiep,,,.). Ren luy$n KN nay
2. £>equa trinh hQCnghe d?t ket qua, ngvai hQc
can c6 kha nang thich ling va kha nang nay phaicJLfQ'e
6n
th{/hi?n nhLfmqt nang Ilfc thlfC 51/,mang tinh cJjnh,
t?o ra nhfrng phan ung vo cLIng linh ho~t cua ca nhan
trong mQi dieu ki$n, hoan canh. Nang Il!c nay dLfQ'C
thehi$n CJ sl!viing vang va san sang cua ca nhan khi
tham gia VaGho~fdong lao dQng nghe nghi$p thl!c
slf sau nay. Muon thich ung ngha hi$u qua, SVSP
'.. can ren luy$n tich clfc cac nang Il!c, ki nang (KN)
nghe, trong g6 phai ke den vi$c ren luy$n cac "KN
mem" trong ho"?tdQng Ht"HLNN; Cl,l the:
1)KN lam chu ban than: thehi$n CJsl!chu dQng
trong hQc t~p, trong cae mOIquan h$ giao tiep, sinh
(ki 1 -1/2014) ;'-F.
TS.DUONG TH! NGA *
heat hang ngay; co su dieu tiet va t6 chirc m9t each
hop Ii cuoc song ca nhan cOng nhu cac heat dQng
hoc t?p. Lam chu ban than chinh la each SV tao cho
minh thoi quen chu dQng trong mol hoan canh, xac
dinh "vi the" ban than CJ cac tinh huang khac nhau; tra
loi dLfQ'Ccau hoi: Minh la ai? Minh pha; lam gi trong
been canhnay? cec each g;ai quyet khcie nhau? K et
qua eva ma; each cJolEi gi? fJau lEi 51/ II/a eh9n tot
nhat?". detvdo co sl!ll!a chQn hQ'pIi, sang suottrong
cac tinh huang HT - RLN N, quah Ii dL1Q'chanh dQng
cua ca nhfm trong mQi dieu ki$n (tich cl!C va tieu clfc)
mot cach vLing vang va tlftin, d9t ket qua tot han trong
cac nhi$m vl,l khac nhau.
2) KN ling nghe va tie'p thu nh?n xet, phe
binh cua nguui khac. Trang qua trinh ho~t t~p va
remluY$n nghe nghi$p, SV sa dL1Q'C tiep nh~n nhiing y
kien danh gia nh~n xet, phe binh,,,. khac nhau cua
b~n be, thay co, ngLfai than,,,. Cac "phan hoi" nay co
the mang 19inhfrng xuc cam "am linh" ho~c "dvang
tinh" cho SV ,song dieu quan trQng la hQcan bietl~ng
nghe, suy ng~m va tiep thu nhfrng '1 kien do v6'itat ca
sl!cau thi (ke ca khi nhfrng nh?n xet nay khong mang
tinh xay dlfng, thieu thi$n '1"., thi slf I~ng nghe cling
mang I~icho SV nhOng bai hQcve slfnh~n n~i, slfLrng
sa giup SV hoan thi$n ban than, ren luy$n phffm chat
cua ngLfoi giao vien (GV) trong tLfO'nglai.
3) KN giao tiep va ting xtisuph?m, thehi$n 0-
slf linh h09t, kheo leo, chu dQng trong cac linh huong
giao tiep". Bay la mQt trong nhfrng KN quan trQng
cua SVSP, cung la yeu to Co'ban dam bao cho SV c6
th§ tham gia hi~u qua VaG cac ho~t dong RLNN t9i
trLfang SLfph~m va h09t dong nghe nghi~p thlfc te t9i
cac trLfong pho thong sau nay.
4) KN tim hiiu va ILfachqn thong tin ve'nghe'
(0- trL1ong; qua sach, bao, truyen hinh, internet, ...).
* Tru'~ngCao d[lni.,sl(.ph~mThai Nguyen
T~p chi Giao d~c so 325129

Nhling thong tin ve nghe nhu: yeu cau xa hqi ve
pha'm chat, nang h.rcngU'oi giao vien hi$n dai; chua'n
nghe nghi$p giao vien: cac van ban cua Bq GO-
DT (ve che dq, chinh sach, van de tuy~n d~ng,
nhu cau vi$c lam "., can duoc SV cap nh~t thU'ong
xuyen va Il.{achon phu hop, lam rnuc tieu va co so
cho sl.{ phan dau cua ban than,
5) KN tim hie'u,phan tich cac thong tin, hi~n
tLfqng giao dl.Jcda va dang xciy ra trong thl.{c te
d~ co "bLfCtranh" toan canh ve moi trU'ong lam vi$c
trong tU'ang lai qua cac phU'ang ti$n thong tin dq_i
chung (nhU' dai, bao, truyenhinh, internet,,,,); g~n
II thuyet vO'i thl.{c ti~n, Nhling hi$n tU'qng giao d~c
tlch cl.{c (cac tam gU'ang t6t, di~n hinh ve G V, HS;
cac thanh qua giao d~c, kinh nghi~m giao d~c",)
va lieu cl.{c (gian I~n trong thi Ct1; sl.{ suy thoaive
dq,odtlc nhan cach cua mQt bQph~n GV, HS, SV .,,)
can dU'qc SV n~m ro, phan tlch; qua d6 Il.{a chqn
cho ban than quan di~m, cach, ung xu phu hqp,
tranh thai oQ "cl.{c doan" (qua "t6 hong" ho~c that
vQng) va NN da lL!achQn,
se
6)KN chia cac kinh nghi~m HT - RLNN. KN '
a
• nay can SV sL! dong cam, kha nang hqp tac, tinh
than cau thj trong ril6i quan h~ giao tiep vO'i b~n be,
thay co, Dieu nay se giup hQhoa nh~p tot han vO'it~p
th~, t~o ra sl.{tU'ang trq I~n nhau trong hOq,tdQng HT
- RLNN, Kinh nghi$m hqct~p n~m trong m6ica nhan.
Khi dU'qc chia se v6'i mQi ngU'oi, kinh nghi$m do se
dU'qcnhan len gap bQi ve tinh hi$u qua, tq,Oca hQit6i
U'Ucho sL!phat tri~n cua ca nhan; khien cho cac moi
quan h~ tra nfm g~n bo han, cac gia trj nghe nghi$p
se
dU'qccung co' vling ch~c han,. .. Chia cho ai? Chia
se se
kinh nghi?m gi? Chia nhLfthe'naO?Cfla nhling
cau hoi SV can tra loi trong HT - RLNN.
7) KN tt[ t?o cac cO'h9i HT - RLNN. VO'imQt
chU'ang trinh dao t90 bai ban, co h$ thong, nha trU'O'ng
SU'phq,m se tq,o diau ki$n tot nhat d~SV co th~tham
giavao qua trinh HT-RLNN. Tuy nhien, vande d~t ra
la:d~qua trinh naydq,t ketqua toi U'u,SV khong nhling
phai tranh thu dLJ'(~cnhling ca hQihQct~p sAn co, ma
cao han nlia can co KN '1L!t~0cac ca hQiHT - RLNN"
cho m inh. Diau,nay doi hoi SV sl.{linh hOq,t,chu dQng
trong hQc t~p, tham gia tich cL!c vao cac hOq,tdQng
chinh khoa, ngoq,i khoa, d.c hOq,tdQng xa hQi(Doan
thanh nien, HQiSV ".);biet tl.{thiet ke, t6 chuc cac hOq,t
dQng trong va ngoai nha trU'ong, d~c bi~t la tim hi~u
30 I T~p chi Giao dye so 325,
•
...
va tao cac ca hQihoc t~p tai cac co sathl.{c hanh, cac
trU'ong ph6thong. Diau nay se giup sv co mOitrU'ong
r¢ng l6'n va toi uu nhat cho heat d¢ng HT-RLNN.
8) KN lam chu cac quyet djnh. Trong heat d¢ng
HT - RLNN, SV can dira ra nhling quyet djnh trong
cac tinh huang (vi du; lL!achon tin chi, mon hoc, giang
vien, cac hlnh thLfCt6 ChLfChQc t~p cua ca nhan, ...).
Nhling tinh huang nay doi hoi SV co KN lam chu ban
than khi ra cac quyet dinh vO'i tU'duy va kha nang
phan tich sang suot va sL!nhq,y cam can thiet... dg co
sl.{ll.{achQndung d~n, phu hqp v6'ihoan canh ca nhan.
KN lam chu cac quyet djnh tq,o cho SV thoi quen chu
dQng,vling vang va quyetdoan trong mqitinh huang,
giup hQ vling vang han khi tham gia vao hOq,td¢ng
NN thl.{csL!sau nay cling nhU'th~hi$n khanang "Ianh
dq,o ban than" trong cUQcsong.
9) KN lam chu va b9C19cac cam xuc tich ClfC
dol v6i ngLfui khac. Ngha dq,y hqc doi hoi nhting
yeu cau rat cao va pham chat va nang lL!c,d~c bi$t
la sL! m~u mL!c va nhan ccich, sl.{ th~n trQng dung
ml.{c va mang tinh giao d~c khi bQc IQcac trq,ng thai
cam xuc angU'oithay. SVSP can cOsl.{ren luy~n ca'
va Ii tri va tinh cam khi boc 10 cam xuc; binh tinh
phan doan nhanh cac tlnh huang d~ Il.{achQn thai
dQ cam xuc cho phu hqp. Lam chu va bQCI¢ cam
xuc co y nghia tich cL!c khOng co nghia la bQc IQcac
xuc cam "dU'ang tinh", ma th~hi~n a5l.{bQc IQva Il.{a
chQn cac xuc cam khacnhau nhU'ng mang y nghia
gicio dl,lc, co th~ hinh thanh nhting trq,ngthai tich cl.{C
cho 'd6i tU'qng giao tiep. Khi nao nan vui, nan buon,
nan th~ hi~n 5l.{ 10I~ng cOng nhll 5l.{dong cam, 51.{
bao dung ... chinh la qua trinh ren luy~n de co dllqc
"ngh~ thu~t" trong bQc IQcam xuc.
10)KN chip nh~n va cai t~o moi ttt/uny HT-
RLNN. Khong it SV khi tham gia vao moi trllO'ng HT
- RLNN cam thay that vQng ho~c khOng hai long v6'i
hoan canh cung cac diau ki$n hQct~p, ran luy~n. 8iau
nay khien hQthllO'ng co thai dQchan nan, tiau cl.{C,d6
16icho hoan canh, moi trllong sau m6i that b~i, anh
hllang khong nho den ket qua hQCt~p, ren luy$n cua
ban than. Do v~y, SV can biet "chap nh~n" va cao
han nlia la "cai tq,o" moi trllong HT - RLNN. Sl!"chap
nh~n" cho phep SV co cai nhln thl.{cte vao dieu ki~n,
hoan canh hQct~p, tl.{xaydl.{ng nhting "xuc cam tich
cllcn lam dQng Il.{ccho qua trinh hqc t~p, phan dau. HQ
cung can nh~n thay nhling dieu ki~n "da co" va "chlla
(ki 1-1/2014)
 a
co", thu$n Iqi hoac chua thu~n Iqi,... moi trl1ong, tv ducc ket qua toi l1Utrong qua trinh ran luy$n. HQcan
do tim each kh~c phuc nhling han che, thieu hut,... ran cho minh thai dQ hQCt~p tich cue: hQC mol nci, a
a
mot each toi l1U.Vi du: SVSP rnarn non c6 the thieu rnoi luc; hQC moi ngl1oi, mol hoan canh dieu ki$n
phong t~p rnua, phonq hoc bQ men (nhu rnon Dinh khac nhau; luon co thoi quen ''lL! hoc", trang bi ki
duong), song cac em dB.biet "chap nhan", chu dQng nang tt! hQCva tinh than hQCtap suot dOi; xac dinh
tao cac moi trl10ng thay the de khong anh hl1ang den cac phl1ang phap tt! hoc hi$u qua (ghi chep thong
heat dQng hoc t~p cua min h. tin; tt! de ra cac ke hoach ng~n va dai han trong nee
11) KN lam ehu trLrue dillrl dong. Trong hOq,t t~p, ren luy$n; quy dinh ve vi$c dQc sach, tai Ii~u
dQng nghe nghi$p tl1ang lai, SVSP S9 phai thl10ng tham khao cua ca nhan ...); t~n dl:mg toi da cac C(J
xuyen xuat hi$n trl1ac dam dong de tht!c hi$n cac hQi hQc t~p, ...
nhi$m VI,Icua minh (dq.yhQc, giao dl,lc, tien hanh G'ac 3. Trong xu the hQinh~p quoc te va nhling doi hoi
hoq.tdQng ngoq,ikhoa, to' chuc hQp phl,l huynh, ...). Do ngay cang cao ve tieu chugn ngl10i lao dQng; SV n6i
v~y, cac em can phai ran luy$n KN lam chutrl1ac dam chung va SVSP noi rieng can I; thLic r6 trach nhi$m
a
dong, the hi$n st! chu dQng; dieu tiet cam xuc; kha cua ban than trong hOq,tdQng HT - RLNN bai day
nang sv dl,lng ngon ngli va truyen dq,tthong tin; xV Ii chinh la nen tang tq.o ra nhG'ng thanh cong trong lao
tinh huang; na'ng It!c "quan Ii dl1lu~n" cung nhl1 "xuc dQng ngha nghi~p tht!c st! sau nay. Song song vai
cam dam dong" ... vi~c ran cac "KN cung", st!tich ct!c trong vi~c ran cac
12) KN eha'p nh~n va VLfO'nlen sau that b9i. "KN mem" S9giup SV codl1qc m{?thanh trang phong
Trong qua trinh hQCt~p va ren luy$n, SV co the g$p phu de s~n sang tham gia va tham gia co hi$u qua
acac
nhling that bq,i muc dQkhac nhau (bi diem kem) VaGhOq,tdQng nghe nghi~p, nang cao chat ll1qng lao
thi trl1qt, khong hoan thanh bai t~p, khong dq,t ml,lC d{?ng. Vi~c tq,o ra mOi trl10ng toi l1Ucho st! ren luy$n
tieu de ra; g$p nhling that bq,ive taichinh, tinh bq.n, cac "KN mem" cho SV chinh la mQttrong nhling nhi$m
tinh yeu ...), anh hl1ang rat Ian den suy nghT,tlnh cam, VI,IqLian trQng cua cac trl10ng Sl1phq,m nh~m nang
',. hLing thu nghe nghi$p cua hQ.KhOi1g it SV da tra nen cao chat ll1qng dao tq,ocua dan vi, nh~m dap vng yeu
tt!ti, m$c cam, co thai dQ"buong xuoi" khi g$p that bq.i. cau cua giao dl,lc trong giai dOq,nhi~n nay. 0
Do v~y, de vling vang trong cac tinh huang nhl1 v~y,
SV can can dam nhin th~ng vao nhling that bq,icua Tai li~u tham khiio
minh, binh tTnh suy xet, phan tich nguyen nhan, tLt 1. Nguyen Van HQ. Thich ting sa ph~m. NXB Gido
dl;lC, H. 2000.
do tim ra huang giai quyet tot nhat. SV can biet chap
2. Duffy R. D, - Blustein D. L. "The relationship
nh~n st!tMtva tq.odQng cavl1an len sau thatbq,i - bai between spirituality, religiousness, and career
;.
a
that bq,icung co I; nghTa ch6 no mang Iq.inhling bai adaptibility", founal of Vocational Behavior, 2005.
I
hQckinh nghi$m de hQco the truang thanh han trong 3. http://www.softskillsinstitution.comlfaq.htm
,,' cUQcsong. "*"
13) KN xay dLfng nh{ing xuc cam tich cl.[c ve' SUMMARY
nghe' nghi~p. Khong the tra thanh mQt nguCti lam The professional adaptation is a process of get-
nghe gioi khi ban than khong yeu nghe, khong co ting people engaged to learning activities and profes-
hung thu vai nghe. Do v~y, de co the trathanh nhling sional training. It is also the gradual realization of the
individual qualities and capabilities of careers. The
GV gioi, SVSP can co KN xay dt!ng nhling xuc cam
professional adaptation is firstly shown at the stage
tich ct!c ve nghe, do la: st! yeu nghe, hung thu vai of studying and professional training at vocational
nghe, co niem tt!i1ao ve nghe. SI.! lich ct!c tim hieu schools. For all of the students at teacher training
colleges, they must positively learn and practise a
nhling gia tri cao quI; cua nghe S9 la yeu to giup SV variety of professional skills including the soft skills
hinh thanh va p.hattrJennhling xuc cam tich ct!c va such as self- management skill in learning - profes-
nghe, tLtd6 ~hong ngvng n61t!c phan dau, Vl1qt q,ua sional training, criticism accepting and listening skills,
and career information searching skills ...All in all,
kho khan troll\) qua trinh;hQc t~p remluy$n nghe. probably speaking, the soft skill training is the main
14)KN h9C va tqh9csuotdd'i.£)ay laKN khong key to the success both in the learning process and
thethieu trong cac "KN mem" nh~m giup SVSP dq,t vocational training.

(ki 1- 1/2014) ;lie,

'f:lP chi Giao dye so 325131