Self-Learning Module for Grade 11

Mathematics
Statistics and Probability

LESSON 1: RANDOM VARIABLE (Discrete and Continuous)

Answer Key(s):

1. C 1. A
2. A 2. B
3. C 3. C
4. C 4. C
5. B 5. B

Roll a pair of dice - 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12

Flip a pair of coin repeatedly – 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, …
Height of individuals – answer may vary

A. 1. Continuous
2. Discrete
3. Continuous
4. Discrete
5. Continuous

B. 1. The time it takes for a child to complete the Rubik’s cube is a

continuous random variable, since a child could have finished the
puzzle in 1.2 minutes or 2.5 minutes and so on.
2. It is possible that no king will be drawn and a person can draw a
maximum of 4 kings from the deck. The possible values are X = 0, 1,
 2, 3, 4. Thus, this represent a discrete random variable.

LESSON 2: POSSIBLE VALUES OF RANDOM VARIABLE

Answer Key(s):

1. D 1. D
2. C 2. B
3. B 3. B
4. A 4. A
5. B 5. C

Value of the Random Variable X

Possible Outcomes (number of defective cell
phones)
DDD 3
DDN 2
DNN 1
DND 2
NNN 0
NND 1
NDD 1
NDN 2

The possible values of the random variable are 1, 2, 3, and 4

LESSON 3: CONSTRUCTING PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTION

Answer Key(s):
1. C 1. A
2. B 2. C
3. A 3. A
4. C 4. D
5. B 5. C

A.
1.a ​Value of the Random Variable
Possible Outcomes NNN NND NDN DNN NDD DND DDN DDD
Value of the
Random Variable X
0 1 1 1 2 2 2 3
(No.of Defective
Computer)

b. ​Probability Distribution
No. of Defective Computer (X) 0 1 2 3
Probability P(X) 1/8 3/8 3/8 1/8

C. ​Histogram

A. 1.a ​Value of the Random Variable

Possible Outcomes DDD DDN DND NDD DNN NDN NND NNN
 Value of the
Random Variable X
0 1 1 1 2 2 2 3
(No.of
Non-defective)
No. of Non-defective
0 1 2 3
(X)
Probability P(X) 1/8 3/8 3/8 1/8

b. ​Probability Distribution

c. ​Histogram

2.a.​Value of the Random Variable

AA AT TA TT TA AT
Possible Outcomes AAA TTT
T A A A T T
Value of the Random
Variable Y
0 1 1 1 2 2 2 3
(No.of TVL Track
Responses)
No. of TVL Track
0 1 2 3
Responses (Y)
Probability P(Y) 1/8 3/8 3/8 1/8

b. ​Probability Distribution

c. Histogram
3.a. ​Determine the value of the random variable X
Value of the Random Variable
Possible Outcomes X
(No. of Tails
HHHH 0
HHHT 1
HHTH 1
HTHH 1
THHH 1
HHTT 2
HTHT 2
HTTH 2
THHT 2
THTH 2
TTHH 2
HTTT 3
THTT 3
TTHT 3
TTTH 3
TTTT 4

b. ​Probability Distribution
Value of Random Variable 0 1 2 3 4
P(X) 1/16 4/16 6/16 4/16 1/16
c. ​Histogram

4.a. ​The sample space of equally likely outcome is:

(1,1) (1,2) (1,3) (1,4) (1,5) (1,6)
(2,1) (2,2) (2,3) (2,4) (2,5) (2,6)
(3,1) (3,2) (3,3) (3,4) (3,5) (3,6)
(4,1) (4,2) (4,3) (4,4) (4,5) (4,6)
(5,1) (5,2) (5,3) (5,4) (5,5) (5,6)
(6,1) (6,2) (6,3) (6,4) (6,5) (6,6)

b. ​Probability Distribution ( from the sum of the numbers that appear)

x 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
P(x) 1 2 3 4 5 6 5 4 3 2 1
36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36

c. ​Histogram

Sum of the Numbers that Appear (X)

B. 1. Not a Probability Distribution, because Σ P(X) ≠ 1
2. Probability Distribution, because Σ P(X) = 1
3. Not a Probability Distribution, because Σ P(X) ≠ 1
4. Not a Probability Distribution, because Σ P(X) ≠ 1
5. Probability Distribution, because Σ P(X) = 1

LESSON 4: ILLUSTRATING AND CALCULATING MEAN AND VARIANCE

OF DISCRETE RANDOM VARIABLE
Answer Key(s):

1. A 1. B
2. B 2. C
3. C 3. A
4. B 4. C
5. D 5. C

x Probability P (x) x·P (X) x − μ (x − μ)2 (x − μ)2 ·P (X)

19
0.1 1.9 -2 4 0.4
20
0.2 4 -1 1 0.2
21
0.4 8.4 0 0 0
22
0.2 4.4 1 1 0.2
23
0.1 2.3 2 4 0.4
1. μx = 21; σ x2 =1.2;​ σ =1.10
2. μx = 2 ; σ x2 =0.7539;​ σ =0.87
x Probability P (x) x·P (x) x − μ (x − μ)2 (x − μ)2 ·P (x)
0 1/16 or0.0625 0.00 -0.25 0.0625 0.0039
1 4/16 or 0.2500 0.25 -1 1 0.2500
2 6/16 or 0.3750 0.75 0 0 0
3 4/16 or 0.2500 0.75 1 1 0.2500
 4 1/16 or 0.0625 0.25 2 4 0.2500
3.μx = 11.3; σ x2 =1.81;​ σ ​=1.34
X Probability P (X) x·P (X) x− μ (x − μ)2 (x − μ)2 ·P (X)
10 0.4 4 -1.3 1.69 0.676
11 0.2 2.2 -0.3 0.09 0.018
12 0.2 2.4 0.7 0.49 0.098
13 0.1 1.3 1.7 2.89 0.289
14 0.1 1.4 2.7 7.29 0.729

LESSON 5: INTERPRETING THE MEAN AND STANDARD DEVIATION

OF DISCRETE RANDOM VARIABLE

1. C 1. C
2. A 2. B
3. D 3. C
4. D 4. B
5. C 5. A

Game of Chance 1. (Raffle Tickets)

a.

x 9,980 4,980 980 -20

1 2 3 994
P(x) 2000 2000 2000 2000

b. P(W) = P(9980) + P(4980) + P(980)

1 2 3 6 3
P(W) = 2000 + 2000 + 2000 = 2000 = 1000 = 0.003

c. E (X) = μ = 9980 ( 2000

1
) + 4980 ( 2000
2
) + 980 ( 2000
3
) − 20( 2000
1994 = - 8.5
)

Interpretation: The negative value means that one loses on the average. In
particular, if someone were to buy tickets repeatedly, and although he would
win now and then, on the average he would lose ₱8.50 per ticket purchased.
Game of Chance 2. (A roulette wheel)
E (X) = μ = 95 ( 30
1
) − 5 ( 30
29
) = − 1.67
The expectation is you would win now and then, but you still lose ₱1.67 on the
average every time you will make a bet.

Game of Chance 3. (Lottery)

1
The probability that you would win is 5,245,786 and the probability that you
5, 245,785
would lose is 5,245,786 . So the expected value is equal to

E (X) = μ = 4, 999, 976 ( 1

5,245,786 ) − 24 ( 5, 245,785
5,245,786 ) =− 23.05
So, your expected losses on the average if you buy lotto tickets repeatedly
would be ₱23.05 per ticket.

Take It or Leave It 4. (Body Parts Insurance Investment)

E (X) = μ = 500 (0.9996) − 499000 (0.0004) = 300

The company gains ₱300.00 per policy sold, on the average.