EM propagation in anisotropic media

Lecture 5

5-1
 3

5-2
 5

5-3
 7

5-4
 9

10

5-5
 11

兩個正交模態(本徵模態)的正交性：

12

5-6
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14

5-7
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16

5-8
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18

5-9
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20

5-10
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22

5-11
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24

5-12
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26

5-13
 Propagation along the c Axis
0
  
1、  0 , S =  0 
1
 
2、Two modes : n1 = n 2 = n 0
   
 1 = 2 = n 0S
c
 
 
0 0 0   Ex 
3、Polarization :  0 0 0  Ey  = 0
   
 n e2   Ez 
0 0 n 02 
 

 E : any vector in X-Y plane  we can choose
1 0
      
E1 =  0  ; E 2 =  1  ; both  
0 0
   
4、 No different in n1 ,n 2
 No phase retardation
 No change in polarization
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Propagation perpendicular to the c Axis

 cos 
 
1、  = 90 , S = sin 

 
 0 
 
2、 Two modes : O wave : n = n 0
1 cos 2 sin 2
E wave : n = n e , ( 2 = 2
+ 2
)
n n0 ne
3、 Polarization :

 sin  0
   
E 0 =  -cos  , E e =  0  // C axis
 0  1
   
  
E 0  E e , both  
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5-14
 4、Phase retardation effect :
   
E = C0 E 0 exp(-ik 0 r) + Ce E e exp(-ik e r)
    
k 0 =   n 0 sˆ and k e =   n e sˆ
c c

 For example  =
2
0 1 0
        
S =  1  = yˆ , E 0 =  0  = xˆ , E e =  0  = zˆ
0 0 1
     
  
ˆ -ik 0 y +Ce ze
E = C0 xe ˆ -ik e y
 also let C 0 = C e = 1

ˆ ˆ  Linearly Polarized
at y = 0 , E = x+z

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 y = d  /4
 
d  /4   n e - n 0  =
c 2

E = e-ike d / 4  ixˆ + zˆ   circular polarization state
 at y = d  /2 = 2 d  /4

d  /2   n e - n 0  = 
c

E = e-ike d / 2  -xˆ + zˆ   Linearly polarization state

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5-15
Propagation in the xz plane
z
1、  = 0
 sin 
  
S=  0 
 cos  
 
x
2、 Two modes :
O wave : n = n 0
1
-
 cos 2 sin 2   2
E wave : n e ( ) =  2  
 n0 ne2    
3、 wave vectors : k 0 = n 0S
Polarization : c
0
 
  

E 0 =  1   C axis ,   k e = n eS
0 c
 
 n e2 cos  
  
Ee =  0  not  
 -n 02 sin  
 
4、 phase retardation :  =   n e ( )  n0  d 31
c

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5-16
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Proof:
  
E  Ee e[  i ( x   y  kez z )]  Eo e[  i ( x   y  koz z )]
As propagate from z=0 to z=d
Phase Retardation (Phase difference)
= (kez-koz)d

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5-17