Professionalizing English education

SEMINAR REPORT

SUBMITTED TO, SUBMITTED BY,

Ms. RAJEENA RINSHA SHERIN. T. P

Asst. Professor ENGLISH
Department of English ROLL. NO:09
JNTC EDAVANNA JNTC EDAVANNA
TOPICS

● RUNNING COMMENTARY AND IT'S IMPORTANCE

● TELECONFERENCING AND IT'S IMPORTANCE

 INTRODUCTION

Running commentary:A job as a Sports Commentator falls under the broader

career category of Radio and Television Announcers. A sports commentator is an
expert reporting a live match on radio or television in real time. Commentary is about
enhancing the viewer's pleasure by describing the scene of action pleasantly. In the
radio and television field, commentating is considered as a popular form of
journalism.

Sports commentators describe on-the-field action and provide analysis throughout

a live sporting event, over a television or radio broadcast. Sports commentators must
concisely and passionately convey the excitement of a sporting event to their viewers
or listeners in an unbiased way. They must convince an audience of the event's
authenticity and be as descriptive as if the audience were witnessing the game in
person. They must be able to concentrate on what is happening in the game and then
while they are relaying this to the audience, they must be sure of what they are talking
about. In simple terms, Sports Commentator provides a running commentary of a
sporting event as the action occurs, either on TV or radio.

Teleconferencing: Teleconferencing means meeting through a telecommunications

medium. It is a generic term for linking people between two or more locations by
electronics. There are at least six types of teleconferencing: audio, audiographic,
computer, video, business television (BTV), and distance education. The methods
used differ in the technology, but common factors contribute to the shared definition
of teleconferencing.

It is a very personal medium for human issues where face-to-face communications

are necessary. When you can see and hear the person you are talking to on a television
monitor, they respond as though you were in the same room together. It is an effective
alternative to travel which can easily add up to weeks of non-productive time each
year. With videoconferencing, you never have to leave the office. Documents are
available, and experts can be on hand. A crisis that might take on major proportions if
you are out of town, can be handled because you're on the job. Videoconferencing
maximizes efficiency because it provides a way to meet with several groups in
different locations, at the same time.
 RUNNING COMMENTARY

If you love sports and have excellent verbal communication skills then you can
choose a career as sports commentator. A job as a Sports Commentator falls under the
broader career category of Radio and Television Announcers. A sports commentator is
an expert reporting a live match on radio or television in real time. Commentary is
about enhancing the viewer's pleasure by describing the scene of action pleasantly. In
the radio and television field, commentating is considered as a popular form of
journalism.

There are two kinds of sports commentators. One is the play-by-play commentator,
which is actually an announcer. What he does is basically report what is going on in
the game. The other kind of sports commentator is the color commentator. A color
commentator is different from a play-by-play commentator in that the former needs to
be able to provide more than a report. A color commentator is expected to be able to
give additional insight and analyze the goings on in the game. While Play-by-play
announcers provide ongoing commentary about the game, Color commentators assist
the play-by-play announcers by filling up dead air with stats or other background
information, thus making the commentary more interesting.

Sports commentators describe on-the-field action and provide analysis throughout a

live sporting event, over a television or radio broadcast. Sports commentators must
concisely and passionately convey the excitement of a sporting event to their viewers
or listeners in an unbiased way. They must convince an audience of the event's
authenticity and be as descriptive as if the audience were witnessing the game in
person. They must be able to concentrate on what is happening in the game and then
while they are relaying this to the audience, they must be sure of what they are talking
about. In simple terms, Sports Commentator provides a running commentary of a
sporting event as the action occurs, either on TV or radio.

Depending on the medium ie. TV or radio, commentators will use different

techniques to describe the action. TV broadcasts require less description of the action
because the pictures tell much of the story. On radio, the listener is completely
dependent on the commentator. Sports commentators may cover a live game from the
stadium, or they may give commentary from inside the studio. Sports commentators
must know the teams that are playing as well as have knowledge about specific
players. When the game becomes dull in between, the sports commentator may also
have talk about things apart from the game like current sports events or profile of a
player so as to impress and engage the audience or listeners. The work can be both
physically and emotionally stressful. As the commentating is live on TV or radio, one
should be careful while giving commentary and it must be free from errors. Another
difficulty is the timing as sometimes they even have to work late in the evenings or
night depending on when the games take place.

There are no specific courses to become a sports commentator. A Bachelor

degree in Mass communication and journalism is considered as an entry requirement.
Also speech or voice training is beneficial to develop an appealing voice.

Other personal attributes include:

● Excellent speaking manner & pleasing personality

● Passion and dedication
● Communication skills as well as language fluency
● Thorough knowledge of the particular sport, its rules and regulations
● A clear and audible voice
● Concentration
● Good memory to remember all the different statistics of the game, as well as
the names and details of team members.
● Emotionally stability, and must be able to work under stress and pressure.

Sports commentators have opportunities in all major radio stations or TV

stations. Apart from that, commentators have career avenues in specialized
sports sites which relay play by play commentaries. Even with much scope the
field of Sports commentators is extremely competitive, therefore experience in
the area is a prime factor.

Radio stations can be considered as the entry point to a career as a

commentator. Later they can move on to TV or other private channels/medias.
At the initial stage, your role may be to give commentaries on a local sporting
event for some small station. Once you prove your track record, you can get
placed with big organizations easily. One may need a rich, long experience in
the sports arena to get hired by a sports channel. Along with the above
requirement, personality and appearance play an important role in getting hired
as a sports commentator because these professionals are in the public spotlight.
College life is a great time to get some experience. Many colleges run student
radio, and this is a good opportunity to get some live broadcast experience.

The primary task of a sports commentator is to relay the activities that are
happening on the field to their audience, to give them an idea about what
exactly is happening during play. They are employed by newspapers, radios or
by TV stations to comment on the match. Sports channel such as Star Sports,
ESPN Ten Sports, Zee Sports and DD Sports employ sports commentators.
Sports commentators are also employed by sports organizations and networks
to cover live action i.e play-by-play of sporting events. Some sports
commentators perform other roles in the broadcast media industry. They write a
column, or work as a broadcast reporter. They may go to the play ground, talk
to players, get their feedback live, in between the game. Commentators write
commentaries or columns for newspapers, magazines, or other publications. In
majority cases, former sportsmen after retirement take up commentating as a
profession. Good commentators usually build up fan bases of their own.
 TELE CONFERENCING AND IT'S IMPORTANCE

WHAT IS TELECONFERENCING?

Teleconferencing is essentially a live, interactive audio or audio-visual meeting that

ensues between geographically dispersed participants. Here, participants communicate
via telecommunication networks using their tablets, mobile phones, laptops, desktop
computers, and even specially designed tech-enabled meeting rooms.

Teleconferencing means meeting through a telecommunications medium. It is a

generic term for linking people between two or more locations by electronics. There
are at least six types of teleconferencing: audio, audiographic, computer, video,
business television (BTV), and distance education. The methods used differ in the
technology, but common factors contribute to the shared definition of
teleconferencing:

● Use a telecommunications channel

● Link people at multiple locations
● Interactive to provide two-way communications
● Dynamic to require users' active participation

The new systems have varying degrees of interactivity - the capability to talk back to
the user. They are enabling and satellites, computers, teletext, viewdata, cassettes,
cable, and videodiscs all fit the same emerging pattern. They provide ways for
individuals to step out of the mass audiences and take an active role in the process by
which information is transmitted. The new technologies are de-massified so that a
special message can be exchanged with each individual in a large audience. They are
the opposite o mass media and shift control to the user.

Many are asynchronous and can send or receive a message at a time convenient for
individuals without being in communication at the same time. This overcomes time as
a variable affecting communication. A video, data and voice delivery system reduces
travel costs. When the material is retrieved and saved to a video tape or disc, the
material can be used at anytime or anyplace.
As more interactive technologies emerge, the value of being an independent learner
will increase. Research shows that learning from new technologies is as effective as
traditional methods. Large groups are cost-effective and everyone gets the same
information.

Why Use a Teleconference?

Videoconferencing increases efficiency and results in a more profitable use of limited

resources. It is a very personal medium for human issues where face-to-face
communications are necessary. When you can see and hear the person you are talking
to on a television monitor, they respond as though you were in the same room
together. It is an effective alternative to travel which can easily add up to weeks of
non-productive time each year. With videoconferencing, you never have to leave the
office. Documents are available, and experts can be on hand. A crisis that might take
on major proportions if you are out of town, can be handled because you're on the job.
Videoconferencing maximizes efficiency because it provides a way to meet with
several groups in different locations, at the same time.

As the limited resource of funding has decreased, limited resources now include
instructors, parking spaces and buildings. Students now include time as a limited
resources. Teleconferencing enables institutions to share facilities and instructors
which will increase our ability to serve students.

TYPES OF TELECONFERENCING

There are several types of teleconferencing, including:

❖ Audio teleconferencing: A voice-only option. You can use your own

three-way-calling service for this or third-party teleconferencing services.
Electronic whiteboarding: You’ll need a data and audio telecommunication connection
for this. This was initially designed to assist with distance learning by creating a
believable-looking digital classroom.

❖ Video teleconferencing: A live, visual connection that uses the internet to

transmit crystal-clear audio with full-motion images between various locations.
Computer teleconferencing: Written communication between two or more computers,
using keyboard inputs and a common application
Advantages and Disadvantages of Teleconferencing

There are many achievements that have been made in the telecommunication
industry over the last century. Among the modern marvels of technology is
teleconferencing. This technology is widely used in many companies to facilitate
organizational meetings over the digital sphere.

Over the last few years,teleconferencing technology has achieved some immense
milestones. Today,it is possible to conduct a video conference across platforms and
devices without any limitations. All this has meant massive gains for business
communication. Even with all the gains,there still are many challenges and
disadvantages associated with this technology. Here is a quick look at the various
advantages and disadvantages of teleconferencing.

Advantages of Teleconferencing

1. Saves Time – The most important advantage of teleconferencing is time-saving.

With teleconferencing,it is possible to hold meetings on a very short notice. In
addition,there is no time spent traveling to the venue of a meeting as all meetings are
held through machines or Internet. Reduced mileage translates to thousands of hours
of travel saved every year. Teleconferencing also encourages punctuality as meetings
are scheduled and done at fixed time frames.

2. Save on Travel Expenses – In addition to time,travel costs can be quite significant

when added up over a long period. Most companies that have a global reach incur
massive costs associated with the travel ever year. Teleconferencing,however,removes
the need to travel often and thus saves huge company resources. Attend meeting
thousands of miles away is now faster and less cumbersome.

3. Efficient Record Keeping – One of the main teleconferencing advantages is

efficient meeting recording keeping. Computing devices are able to record,keep logs
and track every detail of a particular online meeting without needing a lot of
monitoring. This makes teleconferencing facilities among the best tools for capturing
and storing important meeting data. Teleconferencing also makes it very easy to
retrieve this data in the future and make references whenever necessary.

4.Cut Conference Costs – There are indeed many logistical costs associated with
holding a conference. Hiring equipment,acquiring a venue,buying food and
refreshment are just some of the normal costs associated with any meeting.
Teleconferencing removes all these costs as no such arrangements need to be made.
The flexibility of teleconferencing also ensures that meetings are held as often as
possible with no extra costs being incurred.

5. Encourage Productivity – The fifth teleconferencing advantage is that

teleconferencing ensures that workers at various hierarchies in the company structure
are in constant communication. This translates to effective information-sharing and
prompt actions. Such recurrent engagement is a motivational factor that results turns
out increased productivity. Teleconferencing also makes multi-branch management
easier as the proximity of every department of a company is optimized.

6. Reliability – Teleconferencing is one of the most reliable ways of holding

meetings. This reliability has increased exponentially over the years due to
advancement in technology. Teleconferencing channels are today much more stable
and communication challenges are almost non-existent. It is also a very secure mode
of communication where the safety of data as well as privacy is guaranteed.

❖ Move Information - Not People

Electronic delivery is more efficient than physically moving people to a site, whether
it is a faculty member or administrator.

❖ Save Time: Content presented by one or many sources is received in many

places simultaneously and instantly. Travel is reduced resulting in more
productive time. Communication is improved and meetings are more efficient.
It adds a competitive edge that face-to-face meetings do not.

❖ Lower Costs: Costs (travel, meals, lodging) are reduced by keeping employees
in the office, speeding up product development cycles, improving performance
through frequent meetings with timely information.

❖ Accessible: Through any origination site in the world. Larger Audiences: More
people can attend. The larger the audience, the lower the cost per person.

❖ Larger Audiences: More people can attend. The larger the audience, the lower
cost per person.

Adaptable: Useful for business, associations, hospitals, and institutions to discuss,

inform, train, educate or present.
 ❖ Flexible: With a remote receive or transmit truck, a transmit or receive site can
be located anywhere.

❖ Security: Signals can be encrypted (scrambled) when it is necessary.

Encryption prevents outside viewers.

❖ Unity: Provides a shared sense of identity. People feel more a part of the
group...more often. Individuals or groups at multiple locations can be linked
frequently.

❖ Timely: For time-critical information, sites can be linked quickly. An audio or

point-to-point teleconference can be convened in three minutes.

❖ Interactive: Dynamic; requires the user's active participation. It enhances

personal communication. When used well for learning, the interactivity will
enhance the learning and the teaching experience.

● Easy & Free Online Meetings

● Free for up to 100 Participants

● Fluent Group Video/Audio/IM Chat

● Screen Sharing and Annotation

● White Board and Collaboration

● Record and Playback

● Free to Start Now

Disadvantages of Teleconferencing

1. Prone to Technical Challenges – The main difference between machines and

humans is that machines are prone to wear and tear. Technical challenges can thus hit
teleconferencing systems at any time. This can lead to time wastage and other
inconveniences. Most technological systems also come with a learning curve. Lack of
know-how can hinder a person from effective utilization of teleconferencing facilities.
2. Less Effective Nonverbal Communication – When compared to an actual
meeting,teleconferencing is a less effective mode of business communication. This is
because important nonverbal aspects of business communication like body language
and human contact are disregarded. Nonverbal cues are very crucial to holistic
communication. The lack of such cues makes it impossible to pick important signals
that could lead to a more productive interaction.

3. Space Limitations – The fact that teleconferencing occurs on a screen means that a
lot of information is disregarded due to limited space. It is,for instance,nearly
impossible to deliver all graphical data effectively even when holding a live online
meeting. Even with a big screen,simultaneous actions are not possible in the same way
they are at an actual meeting. Consequently,some information is lost or not effectively
covered.

4. Discourages Team Dynamics– Another teleconferencing disadvantage is that

teleconferencing lacks the dynamism of a real conference where participants are able
to have a shared engagement and raise or respond to issues instantaneously. This
means that it is often difficult to effectively interject or share ideas as they arise. The
lack of dynamism ultimately leads to few people taking control of meetings at the
expense of other people.

5. Eliminate Informal Interactions – The common pre-meeting and post-meeting

conversations are often very important in setting the stage for the day's agenda and
even future meeting agendas. Such informal engagements are also where some key
ideas arise concerning important matters like policy and planning. With the lack of
such small talk,teleconferencing can be seen as a rigid and non-progressive mode of
conferencing.

6.. Affect Professionalism – The fact that machines are the main intermediary
between the different parties involved in the meeting,which can affect
professionalism. This is because participants are often forced to multitask. This
multitasking can shift the focus of participants to other issues that are unrelated and
not beneficial to the meeting.
 CONCLUSION

Sports commentators have opportunities in all major radio stations or TV

stations. Apart from that, commentators have career avenues in specialized
sports sites which relay play by play commentaries. Even with much scope the
field of Sports commentators is extremely competitive, therefore experience in
the area is a prime factor.

Radio stations can be considered as the entry point to a career as a

commentator. Later they can move on to TV or other private channels/medias.
At the initial stage, your role may be to give commentaries on a local sporting
event for some small station. Once you prove your track record, you can get
placed with big organizations easily. One may need a rich, long experience in
the sports arena to get hired by a sports channel. Along with the above
requirement, personality and appearance play an important role in getting hired
as a sports commentator because these professionals are in the public spotlight.
College life is a great time to get some experience. Many colleges run student
radio, and this is a good opportunity to get some live broadcast experience.

The new systems like teleconferencing have varying degrees of interactivity - the
capability to talk back to the user. They are enabling and satellites, computers,
teletext, viewdata, cassettes, cable, and videodiscs all fit the same emerging pattern.
They provide ways for individuals to step out of the mass audiences and take an active
role in the process by which information is transmitted. The new technologies are
de-massified so that a special message can be exchanged with each individual in a
large audience. They are the opposite o mass media and shift control to the user.

Many are asynchronous and can send or receive a message at a time convenient
for individuals without being in communication at the same time. This overcomes
time as a variable affecting communication. A video, data and voice delivery system
reduces travel costs. When the material is retrieved and saved to a video tape or disc,
the material can be used at anytime or anyplace.

As more interactive technologies emerge, the value of being an independent

learner will increase. Research shows that learning from new technologies is as
effective as traditional methods. Large groups are cost-effective and everyone gets the
same information.

There are many achievements that have been made in the telecommunication industry
over the last century. Among the modern marvels of technology is teleconferencing.
This technology is widely used in many companies to facilitate organizational
meetings over the digital sphere.

Over the last few years,teleconferencing technology has achieved some immense
milestones. Today,it is possible to conduct a video conference across platforms and
devices without any limitations. All this has meant massive gains for business
communication. Even with all the gains,there still are many challenges and
disadvantages associated with this technology. Here is a quick look at the various
advantages and disadvantages of teleconferencing.