NFPA 13 Training

CFI-1 Exam Preparation- Mehboob Shaikh(CFPS, CFI, AMIE) 1
CHAPTERS & STRUCTURE

Chapter-1 :Administration
Chapter-2 : Referenced Publication
Chapter-3 : Definitions
Chapter-4 : General Requirements
Chapter-5 : Classification of Occupancies and Commodities
Core Chapters
Chapter-6 : System Components and Hardware
Chapter-7: System Requirements
Chapter-8 : Installation Requirements
Chapter-9 : Hanging bracing and Restraint of System piping
Chapter-10 : Underground Piping

Chapter 11- Design Approach Design Concepts
Chapter 12- General Requirement for Storage
Chapter 13- Miscellaneous Storage
Chapter 14- Protection of palletized, solid-piled, Bin box, shelf, or back to back shelf
storage of class-1 through Class 4 Commodities
Storage requirements
Chapter 15- Protection of palletized, solid-piled, Bin box, shelf, or back to back shelf
storage of plastic and rubber commodities
Chapter 16- Protection of Rack storage of class 1 through class 4 Commodities
Chapter 17- Protection of Rack storage of plastic and rubber commodities
Chapter 18- Protection of rubber Tire Storage
Chapter 19- Protection of Roll Paper

Chapter 20- Special design of Storage protection
Chapter 21- Alternate sprinkler System design for chapter 12 through
20
Chapter 22 – Special Occupancy requirements
Hydraulic Calculations, ITM

Chapter 23- Plans and Calculation
requirements
Chapter 24 – Water Supplies
Chapter 25- System Acceptance
Chapter 26- Marine systems
Chapter 27 – System Inspection, Testing and Maintenance.

Annexure-A Explanatory Materials- Not the part of Code
Annexure-B Miscellaneous Topics
Explanation of Test Data and Procedures for rack

Annexure-C Storage
Annexure-D Sprinkler system Information from NFPA 2012 ed.
Annexure-E Development of Design approach
Annexure-F Informational References-Not the part of Code

CFI-1 Exam Preparation- Mehboob Shaikh(CFPS, CFI, AMIE) Q 5
6.1 : General
• Cl. 6.1.3 – Rated Pressure
System components shall be rated for the maximum system working pressure to
which they are exposed but shall not be rated at less than 175 psi (12 bar) for
components installed above ground and 150 psi (10 bar) for components installed
underground.

6.2 : Sprinklers
• Cl. 6.2.2 – Sprinkler Identification
All sprinklers shall be permanently marked with one or two English uppercase
alphabetic characters to identify the manufacturer, immediately followed by three
or four numbers, to uniquely identify a sprinkler as to K-factor, deflector
characteristic, pressure rating, and thermal sensitivity
Sprinkler Identification Number

6.2 : Sprinklers
# 6.2.3.3- Control mode specific application
(CMSA) and early suppression fast-response
(ESFR) sprinklers shall have a minimum
nominal K-factor of K-11.2 (160).
• Cl. 6.2.3 – Sprinkler Discharge characteristics
Flow requirements for

sprinkler more than K-28
# 6.2.3.3
shall increase the flow by 100 percent increments when 8

compared with a nominal K-5.6 (80) sprinkler.
6.2 : Sprinklers
• Cl. 6.2.3 – Sprinkler Temperature characteristics
This Liquid may contain
Toluene, xylene, n-decane, cyclohexane, trichloroethylene, tetrachloroethylene, ethyl

acetoacetate, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, glycerol or
ethyl acetate, or mixtures thereof
The size of the bubble and the expansion rate of the liquid
establish the operating temperature of the sprinkler.
# 6.2.5.4-The frame arms of bulb-type sprinklers shall not be

required to be color coded.
9
6.2 : Sprinklers
• Cl. 6.2.3 – Sprinkler Temperature characteristics
10
6.2 : Sprinklers
• Cl. 6.2. – Special Coating
# 6.2.6.1 – Corrosion Resistance
Listed corrosion resistance sprinklers shall be installed in locations where chemicals,
moisture, or other corrosive vapors sufficient to cause corrosion of such devices exits.
Example locations :
(1) Paper mills
(2) Packing houses
(3) Tanneries
(4) Alkali plants Attempting to remove the paint from a sprinkler by scraping
or by use of chemical paint removers could cause unseen
(5) Organic fertilizer plants etc. damage that could adversely affect the operation of the
sprinkler
6.2 : Sprinklers
• Cl. 6.2. – Special Coating
# 6.2.6.4- Protective Covering
Where Protected in accordance with 6.2.6.4.1 (regarding spray areas, rooms etc.)
Cellophane bags having thickness of 0.003 inch or less or thin paper bag shall be
used.

6.2 : Sprinklers
• Cl. 6.2.9 – Stock of Spare Sprinklers
# 6.2.9.1- A supply of at least six spare sprinklers shall be maintained on the premises so
that any sprinklers that have operated or been damaged in any way can be promptly
replaced.
# 6.2.9.3 -The sprinklers shall be kept in a cabinet located where the temperature to which
they are subjected will at no time exceed 100°F (38°C).
# 6.2.9.4 - Where dry sprinklers of different lengths are installed, spare dry sprinklers shall
not be required, provided that a means of returning the system to service is furnished.
# 6.2.9.5 - The stock of spare sprinklers shall include all types and ratings installed and
shall be as follows:
(1) For protected facilities having under 300 sprinklers—no fewer than six sprinklers
(2) For protected facilities having 300 to 1000 sprinklers — no fewer than 12 sprinklers
(3) For protected facilities having over 1000 sprinklers — no fewer than 24 sprinklers

6.3 : AG Pipes and Tubes
# 6.3.1.1 Pipe or tube shall meet or exceed one of the

standards in Table 6.3.1.1 or be in accordance with
6.3.7.8

6.4 : Fittings
#6.4.5.1 Standard weight pattern cast-iron fittings 2 in. (50 mm) in
size and smaller shall be permitted where pressures do not exceed
300 psi (20.7 bar).
#6.4.5.2 Standard weight pattern malleable iron fittings 6 in.
(150 mm) in size and smaller shall be permitted where pressures
do not exceed 300 psi (20.7 bar).
#6.4.5.3 Fittings not meeting the requirements of 6.4.5.1 and
6.4.5.2 shall be extra-heavy pattern where pressures exceed 175
psi (12.1 bar).
#6.4.5.4 Cast bronze threaded fittings in accordance with
ASTM B 16.15, Cast Bronze Threaded Fittings, shall be permitted
where pressures do not exceed 200 psi (13.7 bar) for Class 125
fittings and 400 psi (27.6 bar) for Class 250 fittings.

6.8 : Fire Department Connection
#6.8.1-Unless the requirements of 6.8.1.1, 6.8.1.2, or

6.8.1.3 are met, the fire department connection(s) shall
consist of two 2-1/2 in. (65 mm) connections using NH
internal threaded swivel fitting(s) with “2.5–7.5 NH
standard thread,” as specified in NFPA 1963.
#6.8.1.3 A single-outlet fire department connection shall

be acceptable where piped to a 3 in. (80 mm) or smaller
riser.
6.9 : Water Alarm Devices
#6.9.1- Water-flow alarm devices shall be listed for the

service and so constructed and installed that any flow of
water from a sprinkler system equal to or greater than that
from a single automatic sprinkler of the smallest K-factor
installed on the system will result in an audible alarm on
the premises within 5 minutes after such flow begins and
until such flow stops.

Chapter- 7 : System Requirements
Learning Objectives :
Understanding installation rules and characteristics that are unique to a

particular type of system
Addressed System
Include wet pipe, dry pipe, preaction, deluge, combined dry pipe and preaction, multicycle,
antifreeze, outside systems for exposure protection, systems used in refrigerated spaces, and
systems for commercial-type cooking equipment and ventilation

7.1 : Wet Pipe System
# 7.1.1 – Pressure Gauges
#7.1.1.1- An approved pressure gauge conforming to

8.17.3 shall be installed in each system riser.
#7.1.1.2- Pressure gauges shall be installed above and

below each alarm check valve or system riser check valve
where such devices are present.
The gauges required need only be approved, not listed, as with other
system components whose failure does not cause a detrimental effect on
the proper operation of the sprinkler system
# 7.1.1 – Pressure Gauges
#7.1.2.1 - Pressure gauges below check valves required

by 8.17.5.2.2(1) shall not be required.
A pressure gauge is not required on the supply side of individual floor

control valve assemblies even if the assembly contains a check valve and
a water flow switch. This requirement is applicable to combined
standpipe/sprinkler systems as well as other horizontal system riser
assemblies on individual floors. Since there are gauges on the standpipe
system at the top, an additional gauge on every floor would be redundant.

# 7.1.2 – Relief Valve
.
#7.1.2.1 - shall be provided with a listed relief valve not less than
½ in. (12 mm) in size and set to operate at 175 psi (12.1 bar) or 10
psi (0.7 bar) in excess of the maximum system pressure,

whichever is greater.
#7.1.2.2- Where auxiliary air reservoirs are installed to

absorb pressure increases, a relief valve shall not be
required.
#7.1.4 Heat tracing shall not be used in lieu of heated

valve enclosures to protect the valve and supply pipe from
freezing.
Concept of Heat Tracing
Heat tracing that is listed for branch lines with pendent

sprinklers or with sprinklers on sprigs of sufficient length
so the insulation around the heat tracing does not obstruct
the spray pattern of the sprinkler

7.2 : Dry Pipe System
# 7.2.1 – Pressure Guages
Approved pressure gauges in accordance with 8.17.3 shall be
connected as follows:
(1) On the water side and air side of the dry pipe valve
(2) At the air pump supplying the air receiver where one is provided
(3) At the air receiver where one is provided
(4) In each independent pipe from air supply to dry pipe system
(5) At quick-opening devices

# 7.2.2 – Sprinklers
The following sprinkler orientations and arrangements shall be
permitted for dry pipe systems:
(1) Upright sprinklers
(2) Listed dry sprinklers
(3) Pendent sprinklers and sidewall sprinklers installed on return bends,
where the sprinklers, return bend, and branch line piping are in an area
maintained at or above 40°F (4°C)
(4) Horizontal sidewall sprinklers installed so that water is not trapped

# 7.2.3 – Size of the System
Volume in Gallons per foot = π x r^2 x 12 ÷ 231

For Dwelling units :
#7.2.3.1.1- For dry pipe systems protecting dwelling unit portions of

any occupancy, system size shall be such that initial water is discharged
from the system test connection in not more than 15 seconds, starting
at the normal air pressure on the system and at the time of fully
opened inspection test connection.

For Dwelling units :
#7.2.3.1.1.1 - Dry pipe systems protecting dwelling unit portions of any

occupancy shall not be permitted to use the options outlined in 7.2.3.2,
7.2.3.3, or 7.2.3.4

Below doesn’t apply to dwelling units :
#7.2.3.2 System size shall be such that initial water is discharged from the system
test connection in not more than 60 seconds, starting at the normal air pressure on
the system and at the time of fully opened inspection test connection.
#7.2.3.3 A system size of not more than 500 gal (1893 L) shall be permitted without
a quick-opening device and shall not be required to meet any specific water
delivery requirement to the inspection test connection.
#7.2.3.4 A system size of not more than 750 gal (2839 L) shall be permitted with a
quick-opening device and shall not be required to meet any specific water delivery
requirement to the inspection test connection.
#7.2.3.5 System size shall be based on dry pipe systems being calculated for water
delivery in accordance with 7.2.3.6.

So for the sizing of dry pipe except for dwelling units we have FIVE
options
1. A 60-second water delivery.
2. A 500 gal (1900 L) volume exemption.
3. A 750 gal (2850 L) volume exemption with a quick-opening device.
4. A water delivery calculation
5. A water delivery to test manifold.

# 7.2.3.6 – Dry pipe System water delivery

# 7.2.3.6 – Dry pipe System water delivery
# 7.2.3.7.1
# 7.2.3.7.2
# 7.2.3.7.3

#7.2.4.2
# 7.2.3.6 – Quick Opening Devices

# 7.2.6 – Air Pressure & Supply
#7.2.6.1 - Where the term air is used throughout this standard, it shall also include
the use of nitrogen or other approved gas.
#7.2.6.2 - Maintenance of Air Pressure. Air or nitrogen or other approved gas
pressure shall be maintained on dry pipe systems throughout the year.
#7.2.6.3 - Air Supply.
#7.2.6.3.1 The compressed air supply shall be from a source available at all times.
#7.2.6.3.2 - The air supply shall have a capacity capable of restoring normal air
pressure in the system within 30 minutes.
#7.2.6.3.3 The requirements of 7.2.6.3.2 shall not apply in refrigerated spaces
maintained below 5°F (–15°C), where normal system air pressure shall be
permitted to be restored within 60 minutes.

# 7.2.6.4 – Air Supply Connection
#7.2.6.4.1 Connection pipe from the air supply to the dry pipe valve shall not
be less than 1⁄2 in. (15 mm) in diameter and shall enter the system above
the priming water level of the dry pipe valve.
#7.2.6.4.2 A check valve shall be installed in the air filling connection, and a
listed or approved shutoff valve of either the renewable disc or ball valve
type shall be installed on the supply side of this check valve and shall remain
closed unless filling the system.
#7.2.6.5 Relief Valve. An approved relief valve shall be provided between the
air supply and the shutoff valve and shall be set to relieve pressure no less
than 10 psi (0.7 bar) in excess of system air pressure provided in 7.2.6.7.1
and shall not exceed the manufacturer’s limitations.
# 7.2.6.7 – System air Pressure
#7.2.6.7.1 The system air pressure shall be maintained in accordance
with the instruction sheet furnished with the dry pipe valve, or shall be
20 psi (1.4 bar) in excess of the calculated trip pressure of the dry pipe
valve, based on the highest normal water pressure of the system
supply.

# 7.2.6.8 – Nitrogen or other approved gases
#7.2.6.8.1- Where nitrogen or other approved gas is used, the supply
shall be from a reliable source.
#7.2.6.8.2 Where stored nitrogen or other approved gas is used, the
gas shall be introduced through a pressure regulator and shall be in
accordance with 7.2.6.6.
#7.2.6.8.3 A low pressure alarm shall be provided on gas storage
containers to notify the need for refilling.

SYSTEM OPERATION AND PERFORMANCE
When dry pipe sprinkler systems are ‘trip tested’ for acceptance, the
following events occur after the inspectors test valve is opened.
1. Air pressure begins to drop in the system as a result of the open
inspectors test valve. The loss of air pressure in the system causes the
dry pipe valve to trip at its designed air/water ratio, or when an
optional accelerator trips the valve on loss of air pressure.
2. When the valve trips, water begins to fill the system by compressing
trapped air and forcing air from the inspector’s test connection.
3. Water reaches the test connection and a steady water discharge is
established.
FF Design- Mehboob Shaikh(CFPS, CFI, AMIE)
The dry pipe valve trip pressure
• Different models of dry pipe valves trip at different water to air
pressure ratios.
• A typical Water to Air Ratio = 5.5 : 1
Q ) Static Water Pressure = 75 psi
Determine Trip Pressure for DPV ?

Determine Max. Set Air Pressure for DPV

Use of an accelerator
• Shortens the time required to trip a dry pipe valve since they are very
sensitive to pressure changes and significantly reduce the effect of
system volume
• Typically trip a dry pipe valve in 4 to 10 seconds from the opening of
the inspectors test valve.
• The activation time is dependent on the system volume, system
configuration and test orifice size.

Water transition time
• This is the time required after tripping of the dry pipe valve for water
to displace air in system piping and begin water flow from the test
orifice.

System Actuation Time
• Total Actuation Time = DPV Trip Time + Water Transition Time

Effect of System Volume on Transition Time
1128.6 gallon (4272 liter) capacity (20 lines by 20 lines sprinklers) 410.8 gallon (1555 liter) capacity (10 lines by 10 lines sprinklers)


• All of the trapped air in the system has to be vented from the
sprinkler prior to water arrival.
• In the smaller system, there are no pockets of air to compress, or
non-flowing volumes for the water front to push the air except out of
the open sprinkler.
• The single open sprinkler cannot exhaust air as fast as the 6"(150mm)
riser can fill the system causing back pressure of air and slowing the
fill rate of water.

7.3 : Preaction & Deluge System
Cl. 7.3.2.1 – Preaction Systems Types
(1) A single interlock system, which admits water to sprinkler piping

upon operation of detection devices.
(2) A non-interlock system, which admits water to sprinkler piping upon
operation of detection devices or automatic sprinklers
(3) A double interlock system, which admits water to sprinkler piping
upon operation of both detection devices and automatic sprinklers

Cl. 7.3.2.2 – Size of the System
For Single and Non Interlock System
Not more than 1000 automatic sprinklers shall be controlled by any

one pre-action valve.

Cl. 7.3.2.2 – Size of the System
#7.3.2.3.1.1- A system size for double interlock preaction systems of

not more than 500 gal (1893 L) shall be permitted and shall not be
required to meet any specific water delivery requirement to the trip
test connection.
#7.3.2.3.1.2- The system size for double interlock preaction systems
shall be designed to deliver water to the system test connection in no
more than 60 seconds, starting at the normal air pressure on the
system, with the detection system activated and the inspection test
connection fully opened simultaneously.
Cl. 7.3.2.4 – Supervision
#7.3.2.4.1 - Sprinkler piping and fire detection devices shall be automatically

supervised where more than 20 sprinklers are on the system.
#7.3.2.4.3 The relief valves required by 7.2.6 shall be permitted to be
omitted for the type of preaction system described in 7.3.2.1(1) when the air
pressure is supplied from a source that is not capable of developing
pressures in excess of 15 psi (1.0 bar).
#7.3.2.4.4 All preaction system types described in 7.3.2.1(2) and 7.3.2.1(3)
shall maintain a minimum supervising air or nitrogen pressure of 7 psi (0.5
bar).

7.4 : Combined Dry Pipe & Preaction
System
• This type of system incorporates the essential features of both a dry
pipe and preaction system. The piping system contains air under
pressure.
• When a fire occurs, a heat detector opens the main water control
valve and air is exhausted from the system. At this point, the system
fills with water and operates as a wet pipe system. If for some reason
the heat detection system fails, the system will operate as a dry pipe
system.

System
#7.4.2.3 Provisions shall be made for the manual operation of the
detection system at locations requiring not more than 200 ft (61 m) of
travel.
#7.4.3.1 Where the system consists of more than 600 sprinklers or has
more than 275 sprinklers in any fire area, the entire system shall be
controlled through two 6 in. (150 mm) dry pipe valves connected in
parallel and shall feed into a common feed main.

System
Cl. 7.4.4 – Subdivision of system using Check valves
#7.4.4.1 Where more than 275 sprinklers are required in a single fire area,
the system shall be divided into sections of 275 sprinklers or fewer by means
of check valves.
#7.4.4.2 Where the system is installed in more than one fire area or story,
not more than 600 sprinklers shall be supplied through any one check valve.
#7.4.4.3 Each section shall have a 11⁄4 in. (32 mm) drain on the system side
of each check valve supplemented by a dry pipe system auxiliary drain.

System
Cl. 7.4.5 – Time Limitation
#7.4.5.1 The sprinkler system shall be so constructed and the number

of sprinklers controlled shall be so limited that water shall reach the
farthest sprinkler within a period of time not exceeding 1 minute for
each 400 ft (122 m) of common feed main from the time the heat-
responsive system operates.
#7.4.5.2 The maximum time permitted shall not exceed 3 minutes.

7.6 : Antifreeze System
#7.6.1.1 The use of antifreeze solutions shall be in conformity with
state and local health regulations.
Cl. 7.6.2 Antifreeze Solutions.

#7.6.2.1 Except as permitted in 7.6.2.2, antifreeze solutions shall be
listed for use in sprinkler systems.
#7.6.2.2 Premixed antifreeze solutions of propylene glycol shall be
permitted to be used with ESFR sprinklers where the ESFR sprinklers
are listed for such use in a specific application.

7.6 : Antifreeze System
#7.6.3.6- A drain/test connection shall be installed at the most remote
portion of the system.
#7.6.3.7 For systems with a capacity larger than 150 gal (567.8 L), an
additional test connection shall be provided for every 100 gal (378.5 L).

7.7 : ASS with non fire protection
connection
Cl. 7.7.1.3 Water Temperature.
#7.7.1.3.1 Maximum.
#7.7.1.3.1.1 In no case shall maximum water temperature flowing through
the sprinkler portion of the system exceed 120°F (49°C).
#7.7.1.3.1.2 Protective control devices listed for this purpose shall be
installed to shut down heating or cooling systems when the temperature of
water flowing through the sprinkler portion of the system exceeds 120°F
(49°C).
#7.7.1.3.1.3 Where the water temperature exceeds 100°F (37.8°C),
intermediate or higher temperature–rated sprinklers shall be used.
#7.7.1.3.2 Minimum. Precautions shall be taken to ensure that temperatures
below 40°F (4°C) are not permitted.

7.8 : Outside sprinklers for protection
against exposure fire
Cl. 7.8.4 – System Components
#7.8.4.1 Drain Valves
#7.8.4.2 Check Valves.
#7.8.4.3 System Arrangement
#7.8.5 Pipe and Fittings. Pipe and fittings installed on the exterior of the
building or structure shall be corrosion resistant.
#7.8.6 Strainers. A listed strainer shall be provided in the riser or feed main
that supplies sprinklers having nominal K-factors smaller than K-2.8 (40).
#7.8.7 Gauge Connections. A listed pressure gauge conforming with 8.17.3
shall be installed immediately below the control valve of each system.

7.8 : Outside sprinklers for protection
against exposure fire
Cl. 7.8.8 – Sprinklers

7.9 : Refrigerated Spaces
Cl. 7.9.2.7 – Air or Nitrogen Supply Piping
#7.9.2.7.1 The air or nitrogen supply piping entering the freezer area shall be as
stated in 7.9.2.7.1.1 and 7.9.2.7.1.2.
#7.9.2.7.1.1 Air Supply. The supply piping shall be equipped with two easily
removable supply lines at least 6 ft (1.9 m) long and at least 1 in. (25 mm) in
diameter
#7.9.2.7.1.2 Nitrogen Supply. The supply piping shall be equipped with a single
easily removable supply line at least 6 ft (1.9 m) long and at least 1 in. (25 mm) in
diameter.
#7.9.2.7.2 Each supply line shall be equipped with control valves located in the
warm area.
#7.9.2.7.3 Only one air supply line shall be open to supply the system air at any one
time.

Cl. 7.9.2.8 - Fire Detection for Preaction Release.
7.9.2.8.1 Detectors for Preaction Systems.
7.9.2.8.1.1* The release system shall be designed to operate prior to
sprinkler operation, unless detectors meet the requirements of
7.9.2.8.1.2.
(A) Detectors shall be electric or pneumatic fixed temperature type
with temperature ratings less than that of the sprinklers.
(B) Detection devices shall not be rate-of-rise type.

# 7.9.2.8.4 Single Detection System for Ceiling and In-Rack Sprinklers.
Ceiling detection only shall be permitted where all of the following
conditions are met:
(1) Maximum storage height is 35 ft (10.7 m).
(2) Maximum ceiling height is 40 ft (12.2 m).
(3) Maximum hazard of storage is Class III.
(4) No solid shelves are present.
(5) One preaction valve is used for both ceiling and in-rack sprinklers
protecting the same area, with separate indicating control valves and check
valves provided downstream
(6) Detectors at the ceiling are spaced at a maximum of onehalf the listed
detector spacing but not less than the sprinkler spacing.

NFPA 13 Training- Mehboob Shaikh(CFPS, CFI, AMIE) 64
7.10 : Commercial Type Cooking
Equipments
Cl. 7.10.2 – Sprinklers and automatic spray Nozzles
#7.10.3.3 Unless the requirements of 7.10.3.4 are met, horizontal exhaust

ducts shall have sprinklers or automatic spray nozzle devices located on 10 ft
(3 m) centers beginning no more than 5 ft (1.5 m) from the duct entrance.
#7.10.3.4 Sprinklers or automatic spray nozzles shall be required in ducts.
#7.10.3.4.1 Where ducts do not exceed 75 ft (22.86 m) in length and the
entire exhaust duct is protected in accordance with NFPA 96, sprinkler(s) or
automatic spray nozzle(s) shall not be required.

Equipments
Cl.7.10.4 Sprinkler and Automatic Spray Nozzle Location — Duct
Collar.
#7.10.4.1 Each hood exhaust duct collar shall have one sprinkler or
automatic spray nozzle located 1 in. minimum to 12 in. maximum (25
mm minimum to 305 mm maximum) above the point of duct collar
connection in the hood plenum.
#7.10.4.2 Hoods that have listed fire dampers located in the duct collar
shall be protected with a sprinkler or automatic spray nozzle located on
the discharge side of the damper and shall be so positioned as not to
interfere with damper operation.

Equipments
7.10.5 Sprinkler and Automatic Spray Nozzle Location — Exhaust
Plenum Chambers.
7.10.5.1 Hood exhaust plenum chambers shall have one sprinkler or
automatic spray nozzle centered in each chamber not exceeding 10 ft
(3 m) in length.
7.10.5.2 Plenum chambers greater than 10 ft (3 m) in length shall have
two sprinklers or automatic spray nozzles evenly spaced, with the
maximum distance between the two sprinklers not to exceed 10 ft (3
m).

Equipments
Cl. 7.10.8.3 Fuel and Heat Shutoff.
#7.10.8.3.1 The operation of any cooking equipment sprinkler or
automatic spray nozzle shall automatically shut off all sources of fuel
and heat to all equipment requiring protection.
#7.10.8.3.2 Any gas appliance not requiring protection but located
under ventilating equipment shall also be shut off.
#7.10.8.3.3 All shutdown devices shall be of the type that requires
manual resetting prior to fuel or power being restored.

Chapter- 8 : Installation
Requirements
Learning Objectives :
• Covers the general requirements for the location of sprinklers

applicable to all the various types, with consideration for the impact
of building construction features and equipment on satisfactory
sprinkler system performance.
• Also covered in this chapter are allowances for the omission of
sprinklers and protection for special situations, the use of sprinklers
and the allowable areas per sprinkler, and spacing limitations

8.1: Basic Requirements
Cl. 8.1.1 has Eight basic requirements for spacing, location & position of
sprinklers
(1) Sprinklers shall be installed throughout the premises.

(2) Sprinklers shall be located so as not to exceed the maximum protection
area per sprinkler.
(3)Sprinklers shall be positioned and located so as to provide satisfactory
performance with respect to activation time and distribution.
(4) Sprinklers shall be permitted to be omitted from areas specifically
allowed by this standard
8.1: Basic Requirements
Cl. 8.1.1 has Eight basic requirements for spacing, location & position of sprinklers
(5) When sprinklers are specifically tested and test results demonstrate that deviations
from clearance requirements to structural members do not impair the ability of the
sprinkler to control or suppress a fire, their positioning and locating in accordance with the
test results shall be permitted.
(6) Clearance between sprinklers and ceilings exceeding the maximums specified in this
standard shall be permitted, provided that tests or calculations demonstrate comparable
sensitivity and performance of the sprinklers to those installed in conformance with these
sections.
(7) Furniture, such as portable wardrobe units, cabinets, trophy cases, and similar features
not intended for occupancy, does not require sprinklers to be installed in them. This type of
feature shall be permitted to be attached to the finished structure.
(8)Sprinklers shall not be required to be installed within electrical equipment, mechanical
equipment, or air handling units not intended for occupancy

8.2: System Protection Area
Limitation
Cl. 8.2.1 The maximum floor area on any one floor to be protected by
sprinklers supplied by any one sprinkler system riser or combined
system riser shall be as follows:
(1) Light hazard — 52,000 ft2 (4831 m2)
(2) Ordinary hazard — 52,000 ft2 (4831 m2)
(3) Extra hazard — Hydraulically calculated — 40,000 ft2(3716 m2)
(4) Storage—High-piled storage and storage covered by other NFPA
standards — 40,000 ft2 (3716 m2)

8.3: Use of Sprinklers
Cl.8.3.1.3 - Upright sprinklers shall be installed with the frame arms
parallel to the branch line, unless specifically listed for other
orientation.
Cl.8.3.2.1 - Unless the requirements of 8.3.2.2, 8.3.2.3, 8.3.2.4, or
8.3.2.5 are met, ordinary- and intermediate-temperature sprinklers
shall be used throughout buildings.
8.3.2.7 - The minimum temperature rating of ceiling sprinklers in
general storage, rack storage, rubber tire storage, roll paper storage,
and baled cotton storage applications shall be 150°F (66°C).

Cl.8.3.4- Sprinklers with K-Factors Less than K-5.6 (80)
8.3.4.1 Sprinklers shall have a minimum nominal K-factor of 5.6 (80) unless
otherwise permitted by 8.3.4.
8.3.4.2 For light hazard occupancies not requiring as much water as is discharged
by a sprinkler with a nominal K-factor of K-5.6 (80) operating at 7 psi (0.5 bar),
sprinklers having a smaller orifice shall be permitted, subject to the following
restrictions:
(1) The system shall be hydraulically calculated.
(2) Sprinklers with nominal K-factors of less than K-5.6 (80) shall be installed only in
wet pipe sprinkler systems or in accordance with the limitations of 8.3.4.3 or
8.3.4.4.
(3) A listed strainer shall be provided on the supply side ofsprinklers with nominal
K-factors of less than K-2.8 (40).

8.3.4.3 Sprinklers with nominal K-factors of less than K-5.6 (80) shall be
permitted to be installed in conformance with 11.3.2 for protection
against exposure fires.
8.3.4.4 Sprinklers with nominal K-factors of K-4.2 (57) shall be
permitted to be installed on dry pipe and preaction systems protecting
light hazard occupancies where piping is corrosion resistant or
internally galvanized.
8.3.5 Thread Size Limitations. Sprinklers having a K-factor exceeding K-
5.6 (80) and having 1⁄2 in. (15 mm) National Pipe Thread (NPT) shall
not be installed in new sprinkler systems.

8.4: Application of Sprinkler
Types
Cl. 8.4.1 - Standard Upright and Pendent Spray Sprinklers
Cl. 8.4.2 – Sidewall Spray Sprinklers
Cl. 8.4.3 – Extended Coverage Spray Sprinklers
Cl. 8.4.4 – Open Sprinklers
Cl. 8.4.5 – Residential Sprinklers
Cl. 8.4.6 – ESFR Sprinklers
Cl. 8.4.7 - CMSA Sprinklers
Cl. 8.4.8 - Dry Sprinklers

8.5: Position,Location,Spacing &
use of Sprinklers
Determination of Protection area of Coverage
As = S x L
Where ; S = Distance along the branch line

L = Distance between the branch line
The maximum area of coverage of any sprinkler shall not

exceed 400 ft2 (36 m2).

If 2A > B then 2A = S
# 8.5.2.1.1 (1)
If B > 2A then B = S
If 2C > D then 2C = L
# 8.5.2.1.1 (2)
If D > 2C then D = L

Example: Plan View
Determine area of Coverage for sprinklers
123 ft
5 ft
15 ft
38 ft
80 ft
12.5 ft
5.5 ft
5 ft
5 ft
79
8.6 to 8.13 – Sprinkler Specific
Requirements

8.15 – Special Situation
Cl. 8.15.8 Dwelling Units.
Cl.8.15.8.1 Bathrooms.
Cl. 8.15.8.1.1* Sprinklers shall not be required in bathrooms that are located
within dwelling units of hotels and motels, that do not exceed 55 ft2 (5.1 m2)
in area, and that have walls and ceilings of noncombustible or limited-
combustible materials with a 15-minute thermal barrier rating, including the
walls and ceilings behind any shower enclosure or tub.
8.15.8.2: Closets and Pantries. Sprinklers are not required in clothes closets,
linen closets, and pantries within dwelling units in hotels and motels where
the area of the space does not exceed 24 ft2 (2.2 m2), the least dimension
does not exceed 3 ft (0.9 m), and the walls and ceilings are surfaced with
noncombustible or limited-combustible materials
Cl. 8.15.19- Return bend

Cl. 8.15.20- Piping to sprinkler below ceiling
Cl. 8.15.20.1- In new installations expected to supply sprinklers below a

ceiling, minimum 1 in. (25 mm) outlets shall be provided.
Cl. 8.15.20.2- In new installations, it shall be permitted to provide
minimum 1 in. (25 mm) outlets with hexagonal bushings to
accommodate sprinklers attached directly to branch line fittings to
allow for future system modifications.

8.16 – Piping Installation
Cl. 8.16.1.2 Pressure-Reducing Valves.
Cl. 8.16.1.2.1 In portions of systems where all components are not listed for pressure greater than
175 psi (12.1 bar) and the potential exists for normal (nonfire condition) water pressure in excess of
175 psi (12.1 bar), a listed pressure-reducing valve shall be installed and set for an outlet pressure
not exceeding 165 psi (11.37 bar) at the maximum inlet pressure.
Cl. 8.16.1.2.2 Pressure gauges shall be installed on the inlet and outlet sides of each pressure-
reducing valve.
Cl. 8.16.1.2.3- A listed relief valve of not less than 1⁄2 in. (13 mm) in size shall be provided on the
discharge side of the pressure reducing valve set to operate at a pressure not exceeding the rated
pressure of the components of the system.
Cl. 8.16.1.2.4 A listed indicating valve shall be provided on the inlet side of each pressure-reducing
valve, unless the pressure reducing valve meets the listing requirements for use as an indicating
valve.
Cl. 8.16.1.2.5 Means shall be provided downstream of all pressure reducing valves for flow tests at
sprinkler system demand

8.16 – Piping Installation
Cl. 8.16.1.3- Post-Indicator Valves.
Cl. 8.16.1.3.1 Where post-indicator valves are used, they shall be set so
that the top of the post is 32 in. to 40 in. (0.8 m to 1.0 m) above the
final grade.

8.17 – System Attachments
Cl. 8.17.2 - Fire Department Connections.
Cl. 8.17.2.1* Unless the requirements of 8.17.2.2 are met, a fire department
connection shall be provided as described in 8.17.2 in accordance with
Figure 8.17.2.1.
Cl. 8.17.2.2 The following systems shall not require a fire department
connection:
(1) Buildings located in remote areas that are inaccessible for fire
department support
(2) Large-capacity deluge systems exceeding the pumping capacity of the fire
department
(3) Single-story buildings not exceeding 2000 ft2 (186 m2) in area

Cl. 8.17.2 - Fire Department Connections.
Cl.8.17.2.4.1- The fire department connection shall be on the system
side of the water supply check valve.

Cl. 8.17.2 - Fire Department Connections – for Single System
(1) Wet system—on the system side of system control, check, and
alarm valves

Cl. 8.17.2 - Fire Department Connections- for Single System
(2) Dry system — between the system control valve and the dry pipe
valve

Cl. 8.17.2 - Fire Department Connections - for Single System
(3) Preaction system — between the preaction valve and the check
valve on the system side of the preaction valve

Cl. 8.17.2 - Fire Department Connections -for Single System
(4) Deluge system — on the system side of the deluge valve

Cl. 8.17.2 - Fire Department Connections –Multiple Systems
Cl. 8.17.2.4.3 For multiple systems, the fire department connection
shall be connected between the supply control valves and the system
control valves.

Cl. 8.17.2.4.7 Signs.
Cl. 8.17.2.4.7.1 Each fire department connection to sprinkler systems

shall be designated by a sign having raised or engraved letters at least 1
in. (25.4 mm) in height on plate or fitting reading service design — for
example, AUTOSPKR., OPEN SPKR., AND STANDPIPE

Design Elements

Design Elements- System Layout

Tree System
Cross Main
Riser
Branch lines and sprinklers are
fed from only one direction

Grid System
Allows smaller cross mains and

branch lines since each sprinkler
is fed by at least two paths.

Design Elements- System Layout –
Loop System
Allows smaller cross mains

because each branch line is fed
from two directions.
Pipe Schedule Method
According to NFPA 13,2019, Chapter 27, Cl. 27.5,
What is it ….?
According to NFPA 13, Pipe Schedule System is defined as sprinkler

system in which the pipe sizing is selected from a schedule that is
determined by the occupancy classification and in which a given
number of sprinklers are allowed to be supplied from specific sizes of
pipe.

Where can we use it…?
1. New systems of 5000 Sq. ft.(465 m2)or less.

2. Additions or modifications to existing pipe schedule systems
3. New systems exceeding 5000 ft2 (465 m2) where the flows required
in Table 19.3.2.1 are available at a minimum residual pressure of 50 psi
(3.4 bar) at the highest elevation of sprinkler
4. Additions or modifications to existing extra hazard pipe schedule
systems

According to NFPA 13,2019, Chapter 27, Cl. 27.5 (cl 27.5.1 through
27.5.1.6)
General Rules,
Cl. 27.5.1-
The demonstrated effectiveness of pipe schedule systems is limited to
their use with 1⁄2 in. (15 mm) orifice sprinklers. The use of other size
orifices can require hydraulic calculations to prove their ability to
deliver the required amount of water within the available water supply.

Cl. 27.5.1.1-
The pipe schedule sizing provisions shall not apply to hydraulically
calculated systems
Cl. 27.5.1.2 –
Sprinkler systems having sprinklers with K-factors other than 5.6
nominal, listed piping material other than that covered in Table 7.3.1.1,
extra hazard Group 1 and Group 2 systems, and exposure protection
systems shall be hydraulically calculated.
Must be by hydraulic calculation
Cl. 27.5.1.3 –
• The number of automatic sprinklers on a given pipe size on one floor

shall not exceed the number given in accordance with,
Cl. 27.5.2 , 27.5.3 or 27.5.4

Cl. 27.5.1.4 –
Size of Risers
Each system riser shall be sized to supply all sprinklers on the riser on
any one floor as determined by the standard schedules of pipe sizes

Cl. 27.5.1.5–
Slatted Floors, Large Floor Openings, Mezzanines, and Large

Platforms.
• Buildings having slatted floors or large unprotected floor openings
without approved stops shall be treated as one area with reference to
pipe sizes, and the feed mains or risers shall be of the size required
for the total number of sprinklers.

Schedule for Light Hazard occupancies
According to NFPA 13,2019, Chapter 27, Cl. 27.5.2 (cl 27.5.2.1 through
27.5.2.6)
Branch Lines
Cl. 27.5.2.1 - Branch lines shall not exceed eight sprinklers on either
side of a cross main Provided,
That pipe sizing is increased to reduce the pressure drop along the run
of pipe upto 9 and 10 Nos of sprinklers

27.5.2.6)
Pipe Sizes

27.5.2.6)
Pipe Sizes
Cl. 27.5.2.2.2- Each area requiring more sprinklers than the number
specified for 31⁄2 in. (90 mm) pipe in Table 27.5.2.2.1 and without
subdividing partitions (not necessarily fire walls) shall be supplied by
mains or risers sized for ordinary hazard occupancies.

27.5.2.6)
Pipe Sizes
Cl. 27.5.2.5 - Branch lines and cross mains supplying sprinklers installed
entirely above or entirely below ceilings shall be sized in accordance
with Table 27.5.2.2.1.

27.5.2.6)
Pipe Sizes

27.5.2.6)
Pipe Sizes

27.5.2.6)
Pipe Sizes
• Cl. 27.5.2.3- Where sprinklers are installed above and below ceilings
and such sprinklers are supplied from a common set of branch lines
or separate branch lines from a common cross main, such branch
lines shall not exceed eight sprinklers above and eight sprinklers
below any ceiling on either side of the cross main.

27.5.2.6)
Pipe Sizes
• Cl. 27.5.2.4- Unless the requirements of 27.5.2.5 are met, pipe sizing
up to and including 21⁄2 in. (65 mm) shall be as shown in Table
27.5.2.4 utilizing the greatest number of sprinklers to be found on any
two adjacent levels.

27.5.2.6)
Pipe Sizes
• Cl. 27.5.2.5- Branch lines and cross mains supplying sprinklers
installed entirely above or entirely below ceilings shall be sized in
accordance with Table 27.5.2.2.1

27.5.2.6)
Pipe Sizes
• Cl. 27.5.2.6- Where the total number of sprinklers above and below a
ceiling exceeds the number specified in Table 27.5.2.4 for 21⁄2 in. (65
mm) pipe, the pipe supplying such sprinklers shall be increased to 3
in. (75 mm) and sized thereafter according to the schedule shown in
Table 27.5.2.2.1 for the number of sprinklers above or below a ceiling,
whichever is larger.

Schedule for Ordinary Hazard occupancies
27.5.3.10)
• Unless permitted by 27.5.3.2 or 27.5.3.3, branch lines shall not

exceed eight sprinklers on either side of a cross main
• Where more than eight sprinklers on a branch line are necessary,
lines shall be permitted to be increased to nine sprinklers by making
the two end lengths 1 in. (25 mm) and 11⁄4 in. (32 mm), respectively,
and the sizes thereafter standard.

27.5.3.10)
• Ten sprinklers shall be permitted to be placed on a branch line making

the two end lengths 1 in. (25 mm) and 1-1⁄4 in. (32 mm), respectively,
and feeding the tenth sprinkler by a 2-1⁄2 in. (65 mm) pipe.
• Pipe sizes shall be in accordance with Table 27.5.3.4.

27.5.3.10)

27.5.3.10)
• Where the distance between sprinklers on the branch line exceeds 12
ft (3.7 m) or the distance between the branch lines exceeds 12 ft (3.7
m), the number of sprinklers for a given pipe size shall be in
accordance with Table 27.5.3.5.

27.5.3.10)
• Where sprinklers are installed above and below ceilings and such
sprinklers are supplied from a common set of branch lines or separate
branch lines supplied by a common cross main, such branch lines
shall not exceed eight sprinklers above and eight sprinklers below any
ceiling on either side of the cross main

Room Design Method
Cl. 11.2.3.3
The concept of the Room Design Method is that all

sprinklers within a room will operate, along with some
sprinklers in adjacent rooms of light hazard occupancy,
if the openings aren’t protected
Room Design Method
Cl. 11.2.3.3
Cl. 11.2.3.3.1 through 11.2.3.3.7
• Room design method allows for

calculation of the sprinklers in the Largest
room, so long as the calculation produces
the greatest Hydraulic demand among
selection of rooms and communicating
spaces.
Not necessarily this room is the largest in hydraulic
demand
Communicates through unprotected openings with

three rooms.
122
Room Design Method
Cl. 11.2.3.3
• Corridors are rooms and should be considered as
such.
• Walls can terminate at a substantial suspended
ceiling and need not be extended to a rated floor Table 11.2.3.1.2
slab above for this section to be applied.
Light Hazard 30 minutes
• When opting for this approach, the designer must
Ordinary Hazard 60 – 90 minutes
use the room that is also the most hydraulically
demanding in terms of water supply and pressure Extra Hazard 90 – 120 minutes
• The enclosing walls of such a room must provide a

fire resistance rating equal to the water supply
duration requirements
123
Room Design Method (continued)
• Light Hazard
• Doors must have automatic or self closers, or
• Calculations must include two sprinklers from each adjoining space for no opening
protection
• A minimum lintel of depth of 8 in. (200 mm) is required for openings and the
opening shall not exceed 8 ft. (2.4 m) in width
• It shall be permitted to have a single opening of 36 in. (900 mm) or less without a
lintel, provided there are no other openings to adjoining spaces.
• Ordinary and Extra Hazard
• Doors must have automatic or self closers with appropriate fire resistance ratings.
• Corridors/Narrow Rooms
• When protected with a single-row of sprinklers, calculate maximum of 5 sprinklers
or 75 feet
The selection of the room and communicating space
sprinklers to be calculated shall be that which produces
the greatest hydraulic demand
124
Room Design Method Example
Which room is the most demanding? Light Hazard, no door closers
TO APPLY ROOM DESIGN 1 2 3 4

METHOD
All communicating rooms must

have fire rating equal to water 6 7
supply duration as per table
11.2.3.1.2 including between 5
the corridor and the adjacent
apartment suites/dwelling units
and INTERIOR WALL WITHIN the 11
unit 15
8 9 10
12 13 14
125
Sprinklers No. of Unprotected
Room Nos. of Sprinkler from adjoining Communicating Spaces Sprinkler Remarks
in Room openings
No. Calculated
R1 R2 R3 R4 R5 R6 R7 R8 R9 R10 R11 R12 R13 R14 R15
1 6 2 2 2 10
2 2 2 2 2 6
3 8 3 2 2 12
4 4 2 2 1 7
5 4 4 2 2 1 2 11
In Accordance with clause

Corridor Corridor 5
6 7 11.2.3.3.6
7 1 2 2 2 5
8 1 1 1 2
9 1 2 2 1 2 6
10 3 4 2 2 1 2 10
11 3 6 2 2 1 1 1 2 12
12 1 1 2 3
13 1 1 2 3
14 1 1 2 3
15 6 3 2 1 2 11
Limitations of Room Design method
• All Rooms shall be enclosed with walls having a fire resistance equal
to water supply duration as per the given table
• The Annex states that “walls may terminate at a substantial
suspended ceiling”, leaving it up to the Authority Having Jurisdiction
to decide what “substantial” means
• This method is really intended for the Light Hazard occupancy where
a high degree of compartmentation is more common
• While requirements are set forth for walls and horizontal openings,
there is no mention of vertical protection if you have a multi-story
building
CFPS Exam Preparation- Mehboob Shaikh(CFPS, CFI, AMIE)
Limitations of Room Design method
• If there were some kind of unprotected vertical opening in the room,
perhaps an open dumb waiter, Do not use the room design method.
• With the room design method, a careful review of the original
sprinkler design is needed when Walls are moved or eliminated.
CFPS Exam Preparation- Mehboob Shaikh(CFPS, CFI, AMIE)

Cl. 12.3 – Adjacent Hazards or design Methods
Where Two different are located in the same warehouse, there are 3
methods to deal with it.
1. Analyze all the requirements for each storage situation and protect the
building with the most demanding of each of the requirements (more
flexibility to move high hazard commodity anywhere in the warehouse)
2. Segregate the storage commodities in separate parts of the warehouse
and protect the space above each commodity with sprinkler protection
appropriate for that commodity.
3. Segregate the storage commodities in separate parts of the warehouse
but not install any kind of barrier between the sprinklers at the ceiling

Cl. 12.3(1)
Example :
• Consider a 600 ft2 (56 m2) area consisting of 10 ft (3 m) high on-floor

storage of cartoned nonexpanded plastic commodities surrounded by
a plastic extruding operation in a 15 ft (4.6 m) high building

Cl. 12.3(1)
Example :

Cl. 12.3(2)

Change in celling elevation
Cl. 12.3(3)

What is meant by Miscellaneous Storage
Storage that,
• Does not exceed 12 ft (3.66 m) in height
• Incidental to another occupancy use group.
• Will not constitute more than 10 percent of the building area or 4000
ft2 (372 m2) of the sprinklered area, whichever is greater.
• Will not exceed 1000 ft2 (93 m2) in one pile or area, and each such
pile or area will be separated from other storage areas by at least 25
ft (7.62 m).
Meeting this definition will result in an occupancy (ordinary or extra hazard)
method of protection rather than a storage method of protection
Thank You

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CFI-1 Exam Preparation- Mehboob Shaikh(CFPS, CFI, AMIE) 1

CHAPTERS & STRUCTURE

CFI-1 Exam Preparation- Mehboob Shaikh(CFPS, CFI, AMIE) 2

CFI-1 Exam Preparation- Mehboob Shaikh(CFPS, CFI, AMIE) 3

Hydraulic Calculations, ITM

CFI-1 Exam Preparation- Mehboob Shaikh(CFPS, CFI, AMIE) 4

Annexure-B Miscellaneous Topics

Explanation of Test Data and Procedures for rack

Annexure-D Sprinkler system Information from NFPA 2012 ed.

Annexure-E Development of Design approach

Annexure-F Informational References-Not the part of Code

CFI-1 Exam Preparation- Mehboob Shaikh(CFPS, CFI, AMIE) 6

Sprinkler Identification Number

CFI-1 Exam Preparation- Mehboob Shaikh(CFPS, CFI, AMIE) 7

• Cl. 6.2.3 – Sprinkler Discharge characteristics

Flow requirements for

shall increase the flow by 100 percent increments when 8

Toluene, xylene, n-decane, cyclohexane, trichloroethylene, tetrachloroethylene, ethyl

# 6.2.5.4-The frame arms of bulb-type sprinklers shall not be

CFI-1 Exam Preparation- Mehboob Shaikh(CFPS, CFI, AMIE) 12

CFI-1 Exam Preparation- Mehboob Shaikh(CFPS, CFI, AMIE) 13

# 6.3.1.1 Pipe or tube shall meet or exceed one of the

CFI-1 Exam Preparation- Mehboob Shaikh(CFPS, CFI, AMIE) 14

CFI-1 Exam Preparation- Mehboob Shaikh(CFPS, CFI, AMIE) 15

#6.8.1-Unless the requirements of 6.8.1.1, 6.8.1.2, or

#6.8.1.3 A single-outlet fire department connection shall

#6.9.1- Water-flow alarm devices shall be listed for the

CFI-1 Exam Preparation- Mehboob Shaikh(CFPS, CFI, AMIE) 17

Understanding installation rules and characteristics that are unique to a

CFI-1 Exam Preparation- Mehboob Shaikh(CFPS, CFI, AMIE) 18

#7.1.1.1- An approved pressure gauge conforming to

#7.1.1.2- Pressure gauges shall be installed above and

#7.1.2.1 - Pressure gauges below check valves required

A pressure gauge is not required on the supply side of individual floor

CFI-1 Exam Preparation- Mehboob Shaikh(CFPS, CFI, AMIE) 20

psi (0.7 bar) in excess of the maximum system pressure,

#7.1.2.2- Where auxiliary air reservoirs are installed to

#7.1.4 Heat tracing shall not be used in lieu of heated

Heat tracing that is listed for branch lines with pendent

CFI-1 Exam Preparation- Mehboob Shaikh(CFPS, CFI, AMIE) 22

CFI-1 Exam Preparation- Mehboob Shaikh(CFPS, CFI, AMIE) 23

CFI-1 Exam Preparation- Mehboob Shaikh(CFPS, CFI, AMIE) 24

Volume in Gallons per foot = π x r^2 x 12 ÷ 231

CFI-1 Exam Preparation- Mehboob Shaikh(CFPS, CFI, AMIE) 25

#7.2.3.1.1- For dry pipe systems protecting dwelling unit portions of

CFI-1 Exam Preparation- Mehboob Shaikh(CFPS, CFI, AMIE) 26

#7.2.3.1.1.1 - Dry pipe systems protecting dwelling unit portions of any

CFI-1 Exam Preparation- Mehboob Shaikh(CFPS, CFI, AMIE) 27

CFI-1 Exam Preparation- Mehboob Shaikh(CFPS, CFI, AMIE) 28

CFI-1 Exam Preparation- Mehboob Shaikh(CFPS, CFI, AMIE) 29

CFI-1 Exam Preparation- Mehboob Shaikh(CFPS, CFI, AMIE) 30

CFI-1 Exam Preparation- Mehboob Shaikh(CFPS, CFI, AMIE) 31

# 7.2.3.6 – Quick Opening Devices

CFI-1 Exam Preparation- Mehboob Shaikh(CFPS, CFI, AMIE) 32

CFI-1 Exam Preparation- Mehboob Shaikh(CFPS, CFI, AMIE) 33

CFI-1 Exam Preparation- Mehboob Shaikh(CFPS, CFI, AMIE) 35

CFI-1 Exam Preparation- Mehboob Shaikh(CFPS, CFI, AMIE) 36

Q ) Static Water Pressure = 75 psi

Determine Trip Pressure for DPV ?

FF Design- Mehboob Shaikh(CFPS, CFI, AMIE)

FF Design- Mehboob Shaikh(CFPS, CFI, AMIE)

FF Design- Mehboob Shaikh(CFPS, CFI, AMIE)

FF Design- Mehboob Shaikh(CFPS, CFI, AMIE)