UNIT 8: NEW WAYS TO LEARN

A. THEORY REVIEW
I. Wordlist: (with IPA)
No. Word Pronunciation Meaning Example
1 access (n/v) /ˈækses/ truy cập You have to enter a password
get access to to access the database.
2 application/app (n /ˌæplɪˈkeɪʃn/ ứng dụng A computer has a wide range of
) applications for businesses.
3 concentrate (v) on /ˈkɒnsntreɪt/ tập trung I can't concentrate on my work with
= focus on all that noise.
4 device (n) /dɪˈvaɪs/ thiết bị This device allows deaf people to
communicate by typing messages
instead of speaking.
5 digital (adj) /ˈdɪdʒɪtl/ kĩ thuật số Digital technology continues to
evolve rapidly.
6 disadvantage (n) /ˌdɪsədˈvɑːntɪdʒ/ nhược / One disadvantage of living in the
khuyết town is the lack of safe places for
điểm children to play.
7 educate (v) /ˈedʒukeɪt/ giáo dục We need to educate people so that
they understand the importance of a
good, healthy diet.
8 educational (adj) /ˌedʒuˈkeɪʃənl/ có tính / We offer a wide range
thuộc giáo of educational and sporting
dục activities.
9 fingertip (n) /ˈfɪŋɡətɪp/ đầu ngón She touched his cheek gently with
tay her fingertips.
10 identify (v) /aɪˈdentɪfaɪ/ nhận dạng Passengers were asked
to identify their own suitcases
before they were put on the plane.
11 improve (v) /ɪmˈpruːv/ cải thiện I think if I talked more often with a
native speaker, my English skills
would improve quickly.
12 instruction (n) /ɪnˈstrʌkʃn/ hướng / chỉ Always read the instructions before
dẫn you start.
13 native (adj) /ˈneɪtɪv/ bản ngữ Every student who has graduated
from our university has studied
English with a native speaker for at
least two years.
14 portable (adj) /ˈpɔːtəbl/ xách tay I bought my son
a portable typewriter.
15 software (n) /ˈsɒftweə(r)/ phần mềm When you buy a new computer, you
usually get software included at no
extra cost.
16 syllable (n) /ˈsɪləbl/ âm tiết In the word 'engine', you should
stress the first syllable.
17 touch screen (np) /tʌtʃ skriːn/ màn hình Customers use a touch screen to
cảm ứng buy tickets.
18 voice recognition /ˌvɔɪs rekəɡˈnɪʃn/ nhận dạng He wants to embrace new
(np) tiếng nói technology such voice recognition.
 19 takes notes of phrase ghi chú Take note of what he says.
something
20 take advantage of phrase tận dụng We took full advantage of the hotel
something facilities.
21 look something up phrase tìm kiếm I looked it up in the dictionary.

II. Grammar: RELATIVE CLAUSES

Relative clauses are introduced with
▪ RELATIVE PRONOUNS (who/whom/whose/which, etc)
▪ RELATIVE ADVERDS (when/ where/ why)
▪ RELATIVE PRONOUNS
SUBJECT (Chủ ngữ) OBJECT (Tân ngữ) POSSESSION (Sở
hữu)
CANNOT BE CAN BE OMITTED (có thể bỏ) CANNOT BE
OMITTED (Không bỏ) OMITTED (Không
bỏ)
Used for WHO/THAT WHO/ WHOM/THAT WHOSE
people Whom more formal than
Who
There is the boy Here is the woman (who/that) I This is Mrs. Smith,
who/that started the told you about last week. whose daughter works
fight. That is the consultant with whom in my office.
I spoke.
Used for WHICH/ THAT WHICH/ THAT WHOSE/ OF
things/ WHICH
animals
I saw a film which/ that This is the book (which/ that) I This is the house
was very good. read last week. whose roof/ the roof of
which was destroyed.
Used for WHICH She announced that she wanted to be a programmer, which
whole really shocked us.
clause

THAT - Can be used instead of WHO/ WHOM/ WHICH He is the man that/ who gave me
→More formal word for WHO/ WHICH/ your address.
WHEN/ WHERE
- Only used in defining relative clauses. Never
used after commas or prepositions. That hotel, which (NOT THAT) is by
- Usually after SUPERLATIVES & WORDS the sea, is where we stayed.
such as something/ nothing/ anything/ all/ none/
many/ few There is nothing that he can’t do.
▪ RELATIVE ADVERBS
Time When (= In/ On/ At which) August is the month when a lot of tourists
visit the place.
Place Where (= In/ On/ At/ To which) That is the hotel where the president is
staying.
Reason Why (= For which) Lack of money is the reason (why) we are not
going on holiday.
NOTE:
▪ Các loại mệnh đề quan hệ
Có ba loại mệnh đề quan hệ:
1. Mệnh đề quan hệ xác định (restrictive relative clause)
Mệnh đề quan hệ xác định dùng để bổ nghĩa cho danh từ đứng trước, là bộ phận quan trọng của
câu, nếu bỏ đi thì mệnh đề chính không có nghĩa rõ ràng.
Eg: The girl who is wearing the blue dress is my sister.
2. Mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định (non-restrictive relative clause)
- Mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định dùng để bổ nghĩa cho danh từ đứng trước, là phần giải thích
thêm, nếu bỏ đi thì mệnh đề chính vẫn còn nghĩa rõ ràng.
- Mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định thường được ngăn với mệnh đề chính bởi các dấu phẩy. Danh
từ đứng trước thường là tên riêng hoặc trước các danh từ thường có các từ như: this, that, these,
those, my, his, her, your, our, their,...
- Không được dùng that trong mệnh đề không xác định.
Eg: Peter, who is my boyfriend, is very handsome and intelligent.
3. Mệnh đề quan hệ nối tiếp
Mệnh đề quan hệ nối tiếp dùng để giải thích cả một câu, trường hợp này chỉ dùng đại từ quan hệ
which và dùng dấu phẩy để tách hai mệnh đề. Mệnh đề này luôn đứng ở cuối câu.
Eg: He sent me a bunch of flowers, which made me surprised.
▪ Mệnh đê quan hệ rút gọn
Mệnh đề quan hệ có thể rút gọn theo ba cách chính:
1. Using participle phrases (sử dụng V-ing)
- Dùng khi đại từ quan hệ đóng vai trò làm chủ ngữ và động từ trong mệnh đề quan hệ ở thể chủ
động.
- Ta dùng present participle phrase (V-ing) thay cho mệnh đề đó (bỏ đại từ quan hệ và trợ động
từ, đưa động từ chính về nguyên mẫu rồi thêm -ing).
Eg:
- The man who is sitting next to you is my uncle.
→The man sitting next to you is my uncle.
- Do you know the man who asked me the way to the bank?
→ Do you know the man asking me the way to the bank?

2. Using past participle phrases (sử dụng Vp2)

- Dùng khi đại từ quan hệ đóng vai trò làm chủ ngữ và động từ trong mệnh đề quan hệ ở thể bị
động.
- Ta dùng past participle phrase (P2) thay cho mệnh đề đó (bỏ đại từ quan hệ, trợ động từ và bắt
đầu cụm từ bằng past participle.
Eg: The students who were punished by the teacher are lazy.
→The students punished by the teacher are lazy.
3. Using "to infinitive" or "infinitive phrase" (for sb to do)
Khi đại từ quan hệ thay thế cho các từ có chứa số thứ tự như: first, second, next, third... last,
only và so sánh nhất
Eg:
- She was the last person that was interviewed this morning.
→She was the last person to be interviewed this morning.
▪ LƯU Ý
1. Các đại từ quan hệ có chức năng tân ngữ trong mệnh đề quan hệ xác định đều có thể lược
bỏ.
Eg: Do you know the boy (whom) we met yesterday?
That’s the house (which) I have bought.
- Tuy nhiên các đại từ quan hệ có chức năng tân ngữ trong mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định không
thể lược bỏ.
 Eg: Mr Tom, whom I spoke on the phone to , is very interested in our plan.
2. Khi danh từ được nói đến là tân ngữ của giới từ, ta có thể đưa giới từ đó đứng trước đại từ
quan hệ. Trường hợp này chỉ được dùng Whom và Which.
Miss Brown, with whom we studied last year, is a very nice teacher.
Mr. Cater, to whom I spoke on the phone last night, is very interested in our plan.
Fortunately we had a map, without which we would have got lost.
3. Chú ý cách dùng của các cấu trúc mở đầu cho mệnh đề quan hệ: all, most, none, neither,
any, either, some, (a)few, both, half, each, one, two, several, many, much, + of which/whom.
Daisy has three brothers, all of whom are teachers.
I tried on three pairs of shoes, none of which fitted me.
He asked me a lot of questions, most of which I couldn’t answer.
Two boys, neither of whom I had seen before, came into my class.
They have got two cars, one of which they seldom use.
There were a lot of people at the meeting, few of whom I had met before.
4. Các trường hợp sau đây thường dùng ‘that’
a. Khi cụm từ đứng trước vừa là danh từ chỉ người và vật
He told me about the places and people that he had seen in London
b. Sau các tính từ so sánh hơn nhất, first và last
This is the most interesting film that I’ve ever seen.
Moscow is the finest city that she’s ever visited.
That is the last letter that he wrote.
She was the first person that broke the silence.
c. Sau các từ all, only (duy nhất) và very (chính là)
All that he can say is this.
I bought the only book that they had.
You’re the very man that I would like to see.
d. Sau các đại từ bất định
He never says anything that is worth listening to.
I’ll tell you something that is very interesting.

B. PRACTICE
PART 1: Elementary & Pre-Intermediate levels
Vocabulary (Question 1- Question 80)
Exercise 1. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the
following questions.
1. Personal_______ devices are useful for learning.
A. electric B. electrical C. electronic D. electronical
2. They're excellent learning_______. You can store information, take notes, write essays and do
calculations.
A. equipments B. tools C. gadgets D. techniques
3. I'm looking for some new_______ to put on my smartphone to improve my English pronunciation.
A. tools B. applications C. devices D. technology
4. Students can also use word processing applications to their vocabulary.
A. improve B. make C. store D. spend
5. Lack of an education severely restricts a woman’s access _______ information and opportunities.
A. to B. with C. about D. from
6. We are looking to find ways to stimulate learning and continually trying to improve
the way we teach.
A. portable and mobile C. ineffective and inappropriate
B. new and creative D. shocking and amazing
7. The use of mobile apps in learning has been very_______.
 A. promise B. promised C. promising D. promises
8. With a little hard work, I'm sure you'll ________ a lot this year.
A. reach B. achieve C. succeed D. qualify
9. Helen's parents were very pleased when they read her school __________.
A. report B. papers C. diploma D. account
10. Learning a language can be__________ but it is always__________ especially when you find you
can communicate with people in their own country.
A. challenging / reward C. challengeable / rewarding
B. challenging / rewardable D. challenging / rewarding
Exercise 2. Put the correct word in the box to complete the sentences below.
physical electronic benefits digital motivate personal
relative technology defining applications disruptive mobile
11. The phrase ‘_________
digital natives' refers to people who are familiar with computers and the
Internet from an early age.
12. The Internet will _________
motivate students to study more effectively.
13. Please don't ask him questions about his family. He hates answering _________
personal questions.
14. Our students are very excited when they have opportunities to do _________
physical exercise.
15. My son, who is a promising pianist, is now interested in composing _________ music.
16. Many teachers have now understood the _________benefits that mobile devices can bring.
17. I'm looking for some new _________ to put on my smartphone to improve my English
applications
pronunciation.
18. The ringing sound from mobile phones is _________
disruptive and annoying in the classroom.
19. People are now familiar with the term E-learning or _________
mobile learning, which focuses on
the use of personal electric devices.
20. That laptop, which has the latest __________,
technology is very expensive.

Exercise 3. Use the word given in capitals at the end of each line to form a word that fits in
the gap in the same line.
21. Laptops and wireless technologies allow students to access ____________.
information INFORM
relevant to class topics immediately.
22. By allowing our students to use digital devices in class, we are creating an CRITIC
opportunity to teach them to think ____________
critically about technology use in their
education and life.
23. Digital devices offer an opportunity to ____________
educate students about media EDUCATION
use.
24. Most of the teachers see the new classroom technology as ____________
useful in USE
the educational process.
25. Almost every question students have in class is at their fingertips, KEEP
____________
keeping them connected with what is going on around them.
26. The iPad, which is much more ____________
portable than the laptop, has the same PORT
multi-touch interface as the iPod Touch.
27. Students who are English-language ____________
learning benefit greatly from using LEARN
specialized programs on their laptops.
28. Teachers are always looking at new ways to develop and ____________
improve their IMPROVEMEN
teaching. T
29. With the easy Internet access and a variety of educational apps, smartphones
have become the tools ____________
necessary to improve student learning. NECESSITY
30. With its high- ____________
resolution touch screen, the iPad is very useful for many
tasks in class. RESOLUTELY
Grammar (Question 31- Question 50)
Exercise 1. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the
following questions.
31. Children _________ parents allow them to use electronic devices early will have more advantages
in the future.
A. whose B. who C. whom D. which
32. The human brain, _________ weighs about 1400 programmes, is 10 times the size of a baboon's.
A. which B. that C. whose D. who
33. Students use smartphones to record their phone calls, _______ they later share with the class.
A. Ø B. that C. which D. whose
34. There are sites_______ you can record your own voice and listen to yourself.
A. where B. when C. that D. which
35. My teacher, _______has been teaching for 25 years, finds it hard to make use of electronic
devices in her teaching.
A. she B. who she C. who D. whose
36. That media player, _______ I often use to practise my English, has some great apps.
A. Ø B. that C. what D. which
37. In the USA, a public school is a state school, _______ is run by the government and is free to
attend.
A. that B. which C. who D. Ø
38. Isn't that Tim, the boy _______ father owns a huge yacht?
A. whose B. his C. which D. that
39. Students_______ get below-average exam results do not have the best prospects.
A. whose B. who C. Ø D. All are correct
40. "Which CD did you get Marcus in the end?"
- "I got him the one_______ said he really wanted to hear."
A. that B. which he C. who he D. which
41. The moment _______ the hero suddenly appears from behind a tree is the best moment in the
whole film.
A. when B. which C. who D. where
42. Many teachers have worked to chance their traditional classrooms into an environment _______
students can use the latest technology for their learning process.
A. whose B. who C. where D. that
43. My youngest son, _______ may be quiet or shy in a classroom, may become active in a social
learning situation made possible by digital devices.
A. that B. who C. whose D. whom
44. At the end of the 19th century, Binet developed a test for measuring intelligence _______ served
as the basic modern IQ tests.
A. has B. it has C. and D. which has
45. The young man ________ was released after the court was found innocent of all the charges
against him.
A. who B. who he C. which D. whose
46. The new stadium, ________ will be completed next year, will seat 30,000 spectators.
A. what B. where C. when D. which
47. The man ________ I introduced you to last night may be the next president of the university.
A. which B. whom C. whose D. why
48. Your career should focus on a field in ________ you are genuinely interested.
A. which B. what C. that D. ∅
49. Robert Riva, an Italian player ________ used to play for Cremonese, now coaches the Reigate
under 11’s football team.
 A. when B. which C. where D. who
50. People ________ outlook on life is optimistic are usually happy people.
A. whose B. whom C. that D. which

Exercise 2. Complete the sentences, using relative clauses.

51. On the classroom blog, a teacher can upload video and image illustrations on specific
subjects, which/ who can help students learn easily.
52. Parents whose/ who have to pay for mobile devices may be happy with the new method of
teaching and its benefits.
53. Students will enjoy doing many activities, including games, puzzles, who/ whose purposes
are the development of team spirits.
54. Several students which/ who are able to touch and interact with the smart table at the same
time will work together more effectively.
55. The learning applications which/ who students can participate in using the smart table will
encourage them to work together to solve problems.
56. There are interactive activities which/ who are available to be downloaded from the Internet.
57. The smart table has been used in several schools, which/ who brings many benefits to our
students.
58. It is an electronic device which/ who students can start using as soon as the teacher has
turned it on, without a lot of training earlier.
59. Teachers which/ who introduce activities to the whole class can work with smaller groups
on the smart table to introduce discussions about the subject matter.
60. The applications which/ who come with the smart table can help students learn various
subjects at school.

Exercise 3. Complete each sentence with one suitable word.

61. Midway through the second half City scored their fourth goal, at________________,
which point
United gave up completely.
62. There is one person to________________
whom I owe more than I can say.
63. It was the kind of accident for________________
which nobody was really to blame.
64. ________________
Whoever leaves last should turn off the lights.
65. Mary was late yesterday,________________
which was unusual for her.
66. At 6.00, ________________
which was an hour before the plane was due, thick fog descended.
67. I don’t know________________
who told you that, but they were wrong.
68. The first time I saw you was________________
when you answered the door.
69. Mrs. Brown was the first owner________________
whose dog won three prizes in the same show.
70. I’ve just spoken to Sally, ________________
who sends you her love.

Exercise 4. Join the sentences using a relative clause. Remember to add commas if the
clause is non-defining.
71. Samantha has passed her driving test. She doesn’t like taking the bus.
_________________________________________________________
Samantha who doesn’t like taking the bus, has passed her driving test.
72. I have to buy a present for my father. His birthday is tomorrow.
_________________________________________________________
I have to buy a present for my father whose birthday is tomorrow.
73. Many people earn a lot of money. They work overtime.
_________________________________________________________
Many peope who work overtime, earn a lot of money
74. Martha is her only daughter. She is only ten years old.
_________________________________________________________
Martha who is only ten years old, is her only daughter
75. Daniel gave me the money. I lent it to Peter.
_________________________________________________________
Daniel gave me the money which i lent to Peter.
76. Mrs Evans resigned yesterday. Her husband is the mayor.
_________________________________________________________
Mrs Evans resigned yesterday whose husband is the mayor.
77. The Four Seasons Hotel is closing down. I stayed there for a week.
_________________________________________________________
The Four Seasons Hotel is closing down where I stayed for a week.
78. That’s the policeman. I trusted him with my problem.
_________________________________________________________
That’s the policeman who I trusted with my problem
79. The book is on the table. I have been looking for it.
_________________________________________________________
The book is on the table which i have been looking for.
80. John’s father arranged our honeymoon. He owns a travel agency.
_________________________________________________________
John’s father who owns a travel agency, arranged our honeymoon.

PART 2: Intermediate & Upper-Intermediate levels

Vocabulary (Question 81- Question 101)
Exercise 1. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the
following questions.
81. In English class yesterday, we had a discussion_______ different cultures.
A. around B. about C. for D. from
82. I really don't_______ the point of taking the exam when you are not ready for it.
A. take B. have C. mind D. see
83. If the examiner can't_______ sense of your writing, you'll get a low mark.
A. take B. bring C. make D. understand
84. My dad wants me to go to university, but I'm in_______ minds about it.
A. my B. two C. some D. different
85. Most computers have enough_______ to store a vast amount of information.
A. database B. document C. memory D. word processor
86. The World Wide Web is made up of millions of _______ created by anybody from multi-media
corporations to ordinary people like you and me.
A. newsgroups B. chatrooms C. users D. sites
87. I went to classes two evenings a week and I was surprised at how quickly I_____ progress.
A. had B. made C. did D. produced
88. _______ a lot of new language from speaking with my host family and with other students from
all over the world.
A. picked up B. took up C. made up D. saved up
89. Like children elsewhere, children in the US have greatly benefited_______ modern technology.
A. of B. from C. in D. with
90. Electronic devices are bad for your eyes and_______ from electronics could harm your body
and cause permanent damage.
A. wave B. radiation C. radiator D. emission
91. Sally always hands in her homework on time and buys the teacher small presents. The other
children hate her. She's such a_______.
A. teacher's toy B. teacher's jewel C. teacher's pet D. teacher's sweet

Exercise 2. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to

the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.
92. Permanent damage to children's body may be caused by frequent contact with electronic
devices.
A. Immediate B. Long-lasting C. Short-term D. Serious
93. Students who have access to inappropriate information, videos and pictures may spend many
hours reading and watching, and forget about their projects or assignments.
A. fascinating B. tempting C. unsuitable D. illegal
 94. This new invention is useful in the classroom because it can engage students and provide them
with opportunities to communicate meaningfully.
A. pull B. attract C. encourage D. participate
95. An interactive whiteboard is an electronic device that helps students learn English in a more
stimulating way.
A. interest-arousing C. communication-promoting
B. performance-enhancing D. proficiency-raising
96. You can download free lessons and put them in your media player or other similar mobile
devices. Then you can listen and study anywhere because these devices are portable.
A. affordable B. available C. feasible D. carriable
Exercise 3. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to
the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions.
97. In my country, it is compulsory to go to school between the ages of five and sixteen.
A. necessary B. essential C. optional D. selective
98. Do you think that you pay enough attention in class? What have I been talking about?
A. neglect B. care C. notice D. consideration
99. Electronic dictionaries are now common in English classes. They can be very easily downloaded
into your personal electronic devices.
A. individual B. public C. private D. possessive
100. Being able to use computers and the Internet can lead to an improved quality of life.
A. increased B. enhanced C. promoted D. deteriorated
101. It seems unthinkable today not to provide children with a decent education.
A. sufficient B. adequate C. deficient D. proper
GRAMMAR (Question 102- Question 140)
Exercise 1. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the
following questions.
102. "What do you want to do this summer?" — "I think we should go somewhere_______ has
plenty of sun and sand."
A. who B. where C. when D. that
103. "Which CD did you get Marcus in the end?" — "I got him the one_______ said he really
wanted to hear."
A. that B. who he C. whose D. which he
104. Here's the computer program_______ I told you.
A. that B. which C. about which D. about whom
105. "Have you seen Jason Green's latest film?" — "Is that the one in_______ joins the FBI?"
A. which he B. that he C. whom he D. which
106. "Why do you like Tania so much?" — "Well, she's one of the few people to_______ I can
really talk."
A. which B. whom C. that D. who
107. "Could you lend me some money?" — "I'd like you to give me one good reason_______ I
should."
A. that B. which C. why D. who
108. Students use smartphones to record their phone calls, _______ they later share with the class.
A. Ø B. that C. which D. whose
109. This is the book in_______ Foster describes his experience of the war.
A. that B. what C. where D. which
110. I have just found the book_______.
A. you were looking for C. for that you were looking
B. which you were looking D. you were looking
111. The girls and flowers _______ he painted were very lively.
A. who B. that C. whose D. which
 112. Pumpkin seeds, ________ protein and iron, are a popular snack.
A. that B. provide C. which D. which provide
113. The scientists ________ on this project try to find the solutions to air pollution.
A. working B. worked C. are working D. who working
114. Pumpkin seeds, ________ protein and iron, are a popular snack.
A. that B. provide C. which D. which provide
115. He lives in a small town ________.
A. where is called Taunton C. is called Taunton
B. called Taunton D. that called Taunton
116. She has two brothers, ________ are engineers.
A. whom both B. both who C. both of whom D. both whom
Exercise 2. Join the sentences using a relative clause. Remember to add commas if the
clause is non-defining.
117. France is the country. The best wine is produced there. (WHERE)
_________________________________________________________
France is the country where the best wine is produced.
118. 1945 was the year. The Second World War ended then. (WHEN)
_________________________________________________________
1945 was the year when the Second World War ended.
119. That's the hotel. I stayed there last summer. (AT WHICH)
_________________________________________________________
That's the hotel at which I stayed last summer.
120. July is the month. Most people often go on holiday then. (IN WHICH)
_________________________________________________________
July is the month in which most people often go on holiday.
121. The books are very interesting. They were bought long ago. (WHICH)
_________________________________________________________
The books which were bought long ago are very interesting.
122. My uncle bought a boat. The boat costs thirty thousand dollars. (WHICH)
_________________________________________________________
My uncle bought a boat which costs thirty thousand dollars.
123. He often tells me about his village. He was born in that place. (WHERE)
_________________________________________________________
He often tells me about his villahe where he was born.
124. The man is our English teacher. He comes from Australia. (COMING)
_________________________________________________________
The man coming from Australia is our English teacher.
125. I found a man's wallet. He gave me a reward. (WHOSE)
_________________________________________________________
The man whose wallet I found gave me a reward.
126. This is the book. I'm looking for it. (FOR WHICH)
_________________________________________________________
This is the book for which I'm looking.
127. The lady gave me good advice. I spoke to her an hour ago. (TO WHOM)
_________________________________________________________
The lady to whom I spoke an hour ago gave me good advice.
128. Who was the last person who saw the young man alive? (TO SEE)
_________________________________________________________
Who was the last person to see the young man alive?
129. Sai Gon Times was the only newspaper which appeared that day. (TO APPEAR)
_________________________________________________________
Sai Gon Times was the only newspaper to appear that day.
130. This is the second person who was killed in that way. (BE)
_________________________________________________________
This is the second person to be killed in that way.
Exercise 3. Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the underlined part that needs correction
in each of the following questions.
131. Before I came to England, I hadn't had the opportunity to speak to people their native tongue is
English.
A. came B. hadn't had C. speak to D. their
132. No one has said anything would persuade me to change my mind.
A. has B. anything C. would D. to change
133. The woman sitting on the red chair is the person to who you must give this envelope.
A. sitting B. is C. to who D. must
 134. There are some teachers in our school try to improve the quality of teaching by making use of
hi-tech devices.
A. There are B. try C. to improve D. making
135. Modern children, who lives have become more and more dependent on electronic devices, find
the traditional way of teaching very dull and boring.
A. who B. more and more C. on D. dull and boring
136. Smartphones and tablets which can be used as effective learning tools for children.
A. tablets B. which C. used as D. learning tools
137. What is the name of the girl that her mobile phone was stolen?
A. is B. the girl C. that her D. was stolen
138. A tablet is a mobile computer is also useful for language learning.
A. tablet B. mobile C. is D. useful for
139. Those want to improve their English can download free digital lessons from the Internet to
study.
A. Those B. improve C. digital D. to
140. Mr. Peterson who has worked for the same school all his life, is retiring next month.
A. who B. has worked C. all his life D. is retiring

READING COMPREHENSION (Question 141 – Question 180)

Exercise 1. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the
correct word that best fits each of the numbered blanks.
A POWERFUL INFLUENCE
'There can be no doubt at all that the Internet has made a huge difference to our lives. Parents are
worried that children spend too much time playing on the Internet, hardly (141) ______ doing
anything else in their spare time. Naturally, parents are curious to find out why the 'Internet is so
attractive, and they want to know if it can be (142) ______ for their children. Should parents be
worried if their children are spending that much time (143) ______ their computers?
Obviously, if the children are bent over their computers for hours, (144) ______ in some game,
instead of doing their homework, then something is wrong. Parents and children could decide how
much use the child should (145) ______ of the Internet, and the child should give his or her (146)
______ that it won't interfere with homework. If the child is not (147) ______ to this arrangement,
parents can take more drastic (148) ______. Dealing with a child's use of the Internet is not much
different from (149) ______ any other sort of bargain about behavior.
Any parent who is seriously alarmed about a child's behavior should make an appointment to (150)
______ the matter with a teacher. Spending time in front of the screen does not (151) ______
affect a child's performance at school. Even if the child is (152) ______ crazy about using the
Internet, he or she is probably just going through a phase, and in a few months there will be
something else to worry about!
141.
A. always B. rarely C. never D. ever
142.
A. harming B. harmful C. hurting D. hurtful
143.
A. staring at B. glancing at C. looking D. watching
144.
A. supposed B. occupied C. involved D. absorbed
145.
A. do B. have C. make D. create
146.
A. word B. promise C. vow D. claim
147.
 A. holding B. sticking C. following D. accepting
148.
A. rules B. procedures C. regulations D. steps
149.
A. dealing B. negotiating C. having D. arranging
150.
A. speak B. discuss C. talk D. debate
151.
A. possibly B. necessarily C. probably D. consequently
152.
A. absolutely B. more C. quite D. a lot
Exercise 2. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the
correct answer to each of the questions.
WHAT IS YOUR LEARNING STYLE?
If you find yourself learn better by making notes during the lecture, or when the teacher uses a
new word, you want to see it written immediately, then you are very likely to be a more visual
learner. You prefer to see the written words. You learn by reading and writing. Visual learners
often think in pictures. If you find a particular task or text difficult, look for sources that will suit
your learning style, e.g. sources with illustrations, charts, tables, or videos.
If you prefer recording the lecture and listening again to taking notes, or you memorize something
by repeating it aloud instead of writing it out several times, you are probably a more auditory
learner. You prefer to learn by listening and speaking. Auditory learners often learn best from
lectures, discussions, by reading aloud, and by listening to audio material.
However, it is probably that you, like most people, learn through a mixture of styles. Sometimes
you may prefer to learn by reading, at other time by listening. Ask yourself which is the best style
for the particular task you are doing.
153. Which of the following is probably NOT preferred by a visual learner?
A. reading aloud C. sources with videos
B. sources with illustrations D. making notes
154. What does the word "it" in paragraph 1 refer to?
A. the lecture B. the new word C. the note D. the written word
155. The word "visual" .in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to______.
A. picturesque B. written C. illustrative D. seeable
156. Which of the following statements is TRUE?
A. Auditory learners hate taking notes.
B. Auditory learners prefer listening to speaking.
C. Most people are auditory learners.
D. When learning something by heart, an auditory learner prefers reading it out loud.
157. The word "auditory" in paragraph 2 can be best replaced by______.
A. auditorium B. noisy C. audible D. recordable

Exercise 3: Read the following passage and circle the answers A, B, C or D which is most
accurate according to the information given in the passage.
Laptop computers are popular all over the world. People use them on trains and airplanes, in
airports and hotels. These laptops connect people to their workplace. In the United States today,
laptops also connect students to their classroom.
WestlakeCollege in Virginia will start a laptop computer program that allows students to do
schoolwork anywhere they want. Within five years, each of the 1500 students at the college will
receive a laptop. The laptops are part of a $10 million computer program at Westlake, a 100-year-
old college. The students with laptops will also have access to the Internet. In addition, they will
be able to use email to "speak" with their teachers, their classmates, and their families. However,
the most important part of the laptop program is that students will be able to use computers without
going to computer labs. They can work with it at home, in a fast food restaurant or under the trees-
anywhere at all!
Because of many changes in computer technology, laptop use in higher education, such as
colleges and universities, is workable. As laptops become more powerful, they become more
similar to desktop computers. In addition, the portable computers can connect students to not only
the Internet, but also libraries and other resources. State higher education officials are studying
how laptops can help students. State officials are also testing laptop programs at other universities,
too.
At WestlakeCollege, more than 60 percent of the staff use computers. The laptops will allow
all teachers to use computers in their lessons. As one Westlake teacher said, "Here we are in the
middle of Virginia and we're giving students a window on the world. They can see everything and
do everything."

158. The main purpose of the laptop program is to give each student a laptop to________.
A. use for their B. access the Internet C. work at home D. connect them to
schoolwork libraries
159. Why is the word "speak" in the second paragraph in quotation marks?
A. They don't really talk. C. Laptops have speakers.
B. They use the computer language. D. None of the above reasons is correct.
160. Which of the following is true about WestlakeCollege?
A. All teachers use computers. C. It is an old college in America.
B. 1500 students have laptops. D. Students there can do everything.
161. A window on the world in the last paragraph means that students can________.
A. attend lectures on information technology C. get information from around the world
B. travel around the world D. have free laptops
162. What can we infer from the passage?
A. The program is successful C. The program is too expensive
B. The program is not workable. D. We don't know the result yet.
Exercise 3. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the
correct answer to each of the questions.
BECOMING AN EFFECTIVE STUDENT
Learning how to study effectively is an essential skill for students in any discipline. There are six
areas which are crucial to developing good study habits. Work on these and you will become an
effective student.
Targets
Always set a realistic work target. Don't try to do too much. For example, plan to read one chapter
of a book each evening rather than think about reading the whole book over the weekend. This
kind of detailed, planned target is more effective than a vague commitment. It is sometimes helpful
to tell your friends about your plan. This is a good incentive to keep you on target because they
will know if you fail!
Rewards
Develop a system of small rewards for your work. For example, stop for a cup of coffee or tea, or
listen to a favorite piece of music after one hour's study. Rewarding yourself for keeping to your
work plan will make' you feel good about yourself.
Timing
Make sure you choose a suitable time to study, i.e. when it is quiet and when you are most alert.
Try to make this a regular, time-tabled part of your day. If you plan to start work at a certain time,
say 7 pm, do not find reasons to put off getting started. You can watch a DVD later, and your
emails are not urgent!
Quantity
A large task such as researching a new topic for an essay can be daunting - so daunting, in fact,
that it can be difficult to sit down and make a start. Break the larger task down into several smaller
ones. For example, make a list of questions that you will have to deal with in your essay and then
approach each question separately. This makes the work more manageable.
Notes and Learning styles
The books you are studying won't always present information in a way that suits your learning
style. It is, therefore, worthwhile spending time making notes and organizing them in a way that
suits you best. It is also a good idea to keep your notebooks neat and well-organized. This will
make it much easier to retrieve information later.
Revision
Don't leave revision until the last moment. When you set your study targets, allow regular
revision time. This is much more effective than trying to cram before an exam.
163. How does the writer think you can develop good study habits?
A. By setting a realistic work target
B. By planning and considering your learning style
C. By revising your work on a regular basis
D. By taking into account six important areas
164. Why is it a good idea to tell other people about your work plan?
A. They can help you develop a detailed target.
B. They will be very helpful with your plan.
C. They will know if you do not stick to your plan, which motivates you to reach the target.
D. They will know how to help you avoid failing.
165. Which of the following words is closest in meaning to the word "vague" in paragraph 2?
A. unrealistic B. inefficient C. unclear D. impractical
166. Timing includes all of the following EXCEPT______.
A. you must be able to think clearly at the chosen time to study
B. the best time to study is 7 pm
C. the time to study should be made a routine
D. don't delay getting started
167. How can a complicated piece of work be made easier?
A. Try to sit down and make a start anyway.
B. Make a list of questions beforehand.
C. Divide the large task into manageable smaller segments.
D. Manage the tasks one by one.
168. The word "daunting" in paragraph 5 is closest in meaning to which of the following?
A. frightening B. demanding C. challenging D. discouraging
169. What is NOT the benefit of keeping good class or lecture notes?
A. The information is tailored to your learning style.
B. It enables you to find information quickly when needed.
C. The information is favorably organized to your liking.
D. You do not need to spend time on the books you are studying.
170. The most suitable phrase to replace the word "cram" In the last paragraph is______.
A. study hard in a short time
B. stay up late to study
C. revise hastily
D. revise overnight
Exercise 4. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the
correct answer to each of the questions.
Cell phones are an integrated part of our society at this point, and their main use is
communication. They keep students in touch with the rest of the world by giving them the power
to interact with it. In my day, if you forgot your lunch you were at the mercy of the office
calling home for you. Now, students have the ability to solve their own problems and handle
certain "emergencies" on their own.
Cell phones also allow students the ability when the time is right, to keep in touch with students
at other schools or friends that don't go to school. While not an educational benefit directly, better
relationships can lead to higher self-esteem and reduce isolation, which is good for everybody. In
the same way, camera phones allow students to capture the kinds of memories that help build a
solid school culture, and, in some cases, can act as documentation of misbehavior in the same way
that store cameras provide evidence and deter bad behavior.
Academically, the cell phone can act as to record video of a procedure of explanation that may
need to be reviewed later. It could be used to record audio of a lecture, as well, for later review.
And just imagine if class could be easily "taped" for students who are absent? What if they could
even be streamed and seen from home instantly?
The iPod is a little trickier, because its function varies greatly by model. At its heart, it is a media
player, and I know for a fact that many students work better while listening to music. For this
reason, they can have a good effect by keeping students from getting too distracted while working
(ironic, because we mostly think of them AS distractions!). If it is a WIFI compatible model, and
wireless internet is available, the iPod can be a great tool for looking up information or digging
into things more deeply. Depending on the model, it may be able to act as a camera and video
recorder as well (with the same benefits as the cell phone).
Devices like the Kindle could, conceivably, make learning a lot easier. Imagine carrying all your
textbooks in the palm of your hand, rather than strapped to your back! Though expensive,
compared to buying new textbooks, the Kindle is a bargain. Many of the books used in high school
English classes are actually FREE on the Kindle.
171. The passage mainly discusses ______ .
A. how some electronic devices are used in education
B. how to use electronic devices in the classroom
C. what is the best electronic device used in education
D. which electronic device will be used as the textbooks
172. The word "it' in the passage refers to ______ .
A. the power C. the rest of the world
B. the world D. the main use
173. The phrase "at the mercy of" mostly means ______ .
A. completely dependent on C. thankful to
B. at request of D. under orders
174. According to the passage, cell phones do NOT ______ .
A. help students keep in touch with their friends
B. allow students to capture of memories
C. help students record audio of a lecture
D. enable students to write their assignment
175. The word "which" in the passage refers to ______ .
A. building better relationships
B. achieving higher self-esteem
C. that relationships lead to higher self-esteem
D. having higher-esteem and lower isolation
176. Which of the following is closest in meaning to the word "taped"?
A. recorded B. reviewed C. streamed D. seen
177. The phrase "At its heart" mostly refers to ______ .
A. the main function B. the core part C. the central unit D. the best usage
178. The word "ironic" is closest in meaning to ______.
A. lucky B. special C. funny D. particular
179. Which of the following is NOT true about the iPod according to the passage?
 A. The iPod can be used to make phone calls.
B. The iPod can be connected to the Internet.
C. The iPod can be used to record videos.
D. The iPod comes in different models.
180. Which of the following is true about the kindle according to the passage?
A. The Kindle is more economical than new textbooks.
B. Everything read on the Kindle is free of charge.
C. The Kindle comes in different models as the iPod does.
D. You cannot listen to music with a Kindle.
Exercise 5. Complete the sentences, beginning as shown, so that the meaning stays the same.
181. My wallet contained over £100. It was found in the street by a schoolboy.
→My wallet, ______________________________________.
which has found in the street by a schoolboy, contained over £100

182. I suddenly remembered where I left my keys when I was waiting for the bus.
→Waiting for ______________________________________.
the bus, I suddenly remembered where I left my keys
183. His rude behaviour is too much for me.
→I can't put _______________________________________.
up with his rude behavior
184. Jack's car had broken down. He had to take a bus.
→Jack, ___________________________________________.
whose car had broken down, had to take a bus
185. The bag was found later. The robbers put the money in it.
→The bag in _______________________________________.
which the robbers put the money was found later
Exercise 6. Complete the second sentence using the word given, so that it has a similar
meaning to the first sentence. Write between two and five words.
186. I have too much work to do so I can't go out with you tonight.
ONLY
→If____________________________
I didn't have so much work, I could go out with you.
187. We often don't think about how much technology helps us in our daily lives.
GRANTED
→We____________________________
granted how much technology helps our daily lives.
188. Daria needs to get a scholarship in order to go to that college. IF
→Daria could go to that college____________________________
if she got a scholarship.
189. You'd better start revising for the exam. TIME
→It's ____________________________
time to revising for the exam.
190. I think you should do your homework on your own from now on. HIGH
→It____________________________
is high your homework on your own.

Exercise 7: Use the word given in Capitals at the end of each line to form a word that fits in
the space in the same line. There is an example at the beginning (0).
AN EMAIL FAN
I think the computer is such a (0)...useful... invention. Take email, for example. USE
It’s such an easy and (191) ____________
painless way to write letters, when I was PAIN
younger, I rarely ever put pen to paper, not even to say "thank you" for presents
sent by (192) ____________
thoughtful relatives. They must have thought I was so (193) THOUGHT
____________
ungrateful . Now, though, you can’t keep me away from the keyboard. I GRATITUDE
can (194) ____________
cheerfully spend hours typing away on my computer, all types CHEER
of messages to all types of people.
One of the worst (195) disadvantages
____________ for me of writing by hand was ADVANTAGE
always the ((196) embarrassment
____________ of knowing that people would be able to see EMBARRASS
and criticize my untidy handwriting and (197) ____________
careless spelling. Now, CARE
of course, thanks to the spellcheck, I can edit what I’ve written quickly and EFFORT
 (198) ____________
effortlessly before I send it off. I just can’t get over how (199) WONDER
____________
wonderfully fast everything is. Teenagers nowadays take all this for granted,
but when I was their age, none of this existed. Young people don’t realize how FORTUNE
(200) ____________
fortune they are.

PART 3: Advanced level

LEARNING BY EXAMPLES
A. Learning Theory is rooted in the work of Ivan Pavlov, the famous scientist who discovered and
documented the principles governing how animals (humans included) learn in the 1900s. Two
basic kinds of learning or conditioning occur, one of which is famously known as the classical
conditioning. Classical conditioning happens when an animal learns to associate a neutral stimulus
(signal) with a stimulus that has intrinsic meaning based on how closely in time the two stimuli
are presented. The classic example of classical conditioning is a dog's ability to associate the sound
of a bell (something that originally has no meaning to the dog) with the presentation of food
(something that has a lot of meaning to the dog) a few moments later. Dogs are able to learn the
association between bell and food, and will salivate immediately after hearing the bell once this
connection has been made. Years of learning research have led to the creation of a highly precise
learning theory that can be used to understand and predict how and under what circumstances most
any animal will learn, including human beings, and eventually help people figure out how to
change their behaviours.
B. Role models are a popular notion for guiding child development, but in recent years very
interesting research has been done on learning by examples in other animals. If the subject of
animal learning is taught very much in terms of classical or operant conditioning, it places too
much emphasis on how we allow animals to learn and not enough on how they are equipped to
learn. To teach a course of mine, I have been dipping profitably into a very interesting and
accessible compilation of papers on social learning in mammals, including chimps and human
children, edited by Heyes and Galef (1996).
C. The research reported in one paper started with a school field trip to Israel to a pine forest where
many pine cones were discovered, stripped to the central core. So the investigation started with no
weighty theoretical intent, but was directed at finding out what was eating the nutritious pine seeds
and how they managed to get them out of the cones. The culprit proved to be the versatile and
athletic black rat,(Rattus rattus), and the technique was to bite each cone scale off at its base, in
sequence from base to tip following the spiral growth pattern of the cone.
D. Urban black rats were found to lack the skill and were unable to learn it even if housed with
experienced cone strippers. However, infants of urban mothers cross-fostered by stripper mothers
acquired the skill, whereas infants of stripper mothers fostered by an urban mother could not.
Clearly the skill had to be learned from the mother. Further elegant experiments showed that naive
adults could develop the skill if they were provided with cones from which the first complete spiral
of scales had been removed; rather like our new photocopier which you can work out how to use
once someone has shown you how to switch it on. In the case of rats, the youngsters take cones
away from the mother when she is still feeding on them, allowing them to acquire the complete
stripping skill.
E. A good example of adaptive bearing we might conclude, but let’s see the economies. This was
determined by measuring oxygen uptake of a rat stripping a cone in a metabolic chamber to
calculate energetic cost and comparing it with the benefit of the pine seeds measured by
calorimeter. The cost proved to be less than 10% of the energetic value of the cone. An acceptable
profit margin.
F. A paper in 1996, Animal Behaviour by Bednekoff and Baida, provides a different view of the
adaptiveness of social learning. It concerns the seed caching behaviour of Clark's Nutcracker
(Nucifraga columbiana) and the Mexican Jay (Aphelocoma ultramarina). The former is a
specialist, caching 30,000 or so seeds in scattered locations that it will recover over the months of
winter; the Mexican Jay will also cache food but is much less dependent upon this than the
Nutcracker. The two species also differ in their social structure: the Nutcracker being rather
solitary while the Jay forages in social groups.
G. The experiment is to discover not just whether a bird can remember where it hid a seed but also
if it can remember where it saw another bird hide a seed. The design is slightly comical with a
cacher bird wandering about a room with lots of holes in the floor hiding food in some of the holes,
while watched by an observer bird perched in a cage. Two days later, cachers and observers are
tested for their discovery rate against an estimated random performance. In the role of cacher, not
only the Nutcracker but also the less specialised Jay performed above chance; more surprisingly,
however, jay observers were as successful as jay cachers whereas nutcracker observers did no
better than chance. It seems that, whereas the Nutcracker is highly adapted at remembering where
it hid its own seeds, the social living Mexican Jay is more adept at remembering, and so exploiting,
the caches of others.
Questions 201-204: Reading Passage has seven paragraphs A-G. Which paragraph contains
the following information?
201. ________
D A comparison between rats’ learning and human learning
202. ________
A A reference to the earliest study in animal learning
203. ________ The discovery of who stripped the pine cone
C
204. ________
E A description of a cost-effectiveness experiment
Questions 205-208: Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading
Passage?
TRUE if the statement agrees with the information
FALSE if the statement contradicts the information
NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this
205. ________
F The field trip to Israel was to investigate how black rats learn to strip pine cones.
206. ________
T The pine cones were stripped from bottom to top by black rats.
207. ________ It can be learned from other relevant experiences to use a photocopier.
T
208. ________
F Stripping the pine cones is an instinct of the black rats.
Questions 209-213: Complete the summary below using words from the box.
less cacher Nutcracker More social
watched solitary observer Jay

While the Nutcracker is more able to cache seeds, the Jay relies (209)_________
less on caching
food and is thus less specialised in this ability, but more (210)_________
social . To study their
behaviour of caching and finding their caches, an experiment was designed and carried out to
test these two birds for their ability to remember where they hid the seeds.
In the experiment, the cacher bird hid seeds in the ground while the other (211)_________
watched . As a
result, the Nutcracker and the Mexican Jay showed different performance in the role
of (212)_________
observer at finding the seeds - the observing (213)_________
nutracker didn’t do as well as its
counterpart.