Northern Technical University

Technical Engineering College\ Mosul

Medical Instrumentation Technology Engineering

C
SUPERVISED BY
Dr, Asmaa Baker
 EXB 1 Oxidation-Reduction Titration

Aim of Experiment:
Determination of oxalate by titration with potassium permanganate
Principle:
Titration of KMnO2 vs. H2C2O4 is oxidation-reduction reaction in which
the electrons are transferred from the reducing agent (oxalic acid) to the
oxidizing agent, (Potassium permanganate) resulting in a net change in
the oxidation state numbers of one or more elements in the reacting
substances. Oxidation: is the process of electron loss by reducing agent.
Reduction: is the process of electrongain by the oxidizing agent. Oxidizing
agent: is one that gains electron and goes to a more, negative oxidation
state. Reducing agent: is one that loses electrons and goes to a more
positive oxidation state. Oxidation and reduction occur simultaneously
and the number of electrons lost in the oxidation must be equal to the
number of electrons gained in the reduction. The titration of KMnO4 vs
oxalic acid is a used example of the oxidation-reduction reaction in which
KMnO4 solution is considered a strong standard oxidizing agent and
H2C2O4 a strong reducing agent acting as the solution of unknown
concentration to be calculated in terms of normality units (gm.eg/l).

Reaction:
2KMnO4 + 3H2SO4 + 5H2C2O4 K2SO4 + 2MnSO4 + 10CO2 +
8H2O
K+1 Mn+7 O-24 +5e Mn+2SO4-2
H2C2O4+2e CO2
Eq.wt = Mwt/5
Eq.wt = Mwt/3
Reagents :
0.01N KMnO4 :Dissolve 3.16 g of KMnO4 / L of water. To prepare
0.01 N KMnO4dilute as necessary (1:10).
0.01 N H2C2O4: dissolve 6.3 g of H2C2O4 / L of water. To prepare
0.01 N H2C2O4,dilute as necessary (1:10).
2N H2SO4: 56.4 ml of conc. H2SO4 / L of water.

Procedure :
1- Put 2.0 ml of oxalic acid in an Erlenmeyer flask.
2- Add 2.0 ml of 2N H2C2O4.
3- Add 1.0 ml of distilled water.
4- Heat the solution to about 80° C.
5- Titrate (with the test tube still in the water bath) with 0.01 N of
KMnO4 solution, which is added from a graduated 2 ml pipette,
until the appearance of a pink color indicating the end point of the
reaction.
6- Record the volume of KMnO4 used. Repeat the whole process at
least induplicate. The difference between result should not exceed
0.2 ml.

Calculations :
(H2C2O4) N1 V1 = N2 V2 (KMnO4)
2 × 0.1 = N2 × 7.4 N2=2×0.1/7.4= 0.02 N
Discussion :
1- Why we did this experiment?
Determination of oxalate by titration with potassium permanganate

2- Define: oxidation , reduction , oxidation agent, reduction agent

Oxidation:- It is a chemical process that leads to an increase in the
percentage of oxygen or a decrease in the percentage of hydrogen.

Reduction:- is a chemical process that leads to a decrease in the

percentage of oxygen or an increase in the percentage of hydrogen in a
substance.

Oxidation Agent:- An oxidizing agent gives oxygen or removes hydrogen

from a substance during a chemical reaction.

Reducing Agent:- The reducing agent gives hydrogen or removes oxygen

from a substance during a chemical reaction.

3- Why do we add (H2SO4) and (H2C2O4)?

This is because it does not affect the permanganate in dilute solutions It
is not recommended to use hydrochloric acid because some
permanganate will be in Oxidation of hydrochloric acid because some of
the permanganate will be consumed in acid oxidation hydrochloric to
chlorine.

4- What is meant by endpoint?

The endpoint is also called equivalence point or stoichiometric point
means the conclusion of the chemical reaction. It is the point where no
more titrant is required and the reaction is complete.
5- What is the guide user in the titration?
There is no guide for calibration because potassium permanganate itself
is considered the guide (evidence auto) because it is violet in color and
when preduced it becomes colorless.

6- What are the reasons for the failure of the experiment?

(a) The temperature may be lower than 60°C. Heat up temperature the
heat.
(b) The addition of the permanganate happened quickly.
(c) Insufficient amount of sulfuric acid.

7- Why should the solution be heated?

Heat the oxalic acid solution to about 60-90°C so that no brown precipitate
forms during Calibration.