LABORATORY REPORT (CHM 131)

NUMBER OF EXPERIMENT: 5

TITLE OF EXPERIMENT: REDOX TITRATION:

DETERMINATION OF THE MOLARITY AND

CONCENTRATION OF SODIUM THIOSULPHATE

SOLUTION BY TITRATION WITH POTASSIUM

PERMANGANATE

GROUP: A4AS120127

LECTURER: ADIBAH MOHD NOOR

GROUP MEMBERS:

N NAME STUDENT
O NUMBER
1 ABDUL HAFIZ BIN ABD GHAFAR 2022699322
2 HAZIM BIN HAWARI 2022854202

CRITERIA FULL OBTAINED

Results / Data / Observation 2%
(Datasheet)
Data Analysis/ Justification/ Validation 3%
Question 2%
Discussion 4%
Conclusion 2%
Format 2%
Total
1. Introduction

A redox reaction involves the transfer of electrons, whereas an acid-base reaction

involves the transfer of protons. An oxidising agent can be titrated against a reducing
agent in the same way that an acid can be titrated against a base. We can carefully mix
an oxidising agent into a reducing agent solution. The end point is reached when the
reducing agent is completely oxidised by the oxidising agent. Potassium dichromatic
(K2Cr2O7) and potassium permanganate (KMnO4) are two commonly used oxidising
agents. The colours of the dichromate and permanganate anions differ from those of the
reduced species.
Sodium thiosulphate is a reducing agent. It is regarded as an absolute standard, meaning
that if you weigh something, you will know exactly how many moles of the product
you have, without losing any product between weighing and making the solution, and
there are no inescapable impurities (like absorbed water) to taint the measurement.
Because these oxidising agents have distinctly different colours in their oxidised and
reduced forms, they can therefore be used as internal indicators in a redox titration. The
calculation process for redox titration is the same as for acid-base neutralisations (based
on the mole method).

2. Objectives

1) To determine the molarity and concentration of solution by titration with potassium

permanganate.

3. Apparatus and chemicals

• Apparatus:
- Volumetric flask (250 mL)
- Pipette (20 mL)
- Graduated cylinder (10 mL)
- Conical flasks (250 mL)
- Beaker (50 mL)
- Burette

• Chemicals:
- Sodium thiosulphate (Na2S2O3)
- 0.025 M standard KMnO4 solution
- 2.0 M sulphuric acid

4. Procedure

1. The burette was washed with tap water followed by distilled water. Then, it was
rinsed with about 5-10 mL of KMnO4 solution. Through the burette tip, the second
rinsing was ran. The burette was then clamped to the retort stand.

2. The burette was filled with KMnO4. The tip of the burette was completely filled and
contained no air bubbles. The initial burette reading was then recorded to two
decimal places.
 3. 4 g of Sodium thiosulphate was weighed accurately using weight paper on an
analytical balance. The mass of Na2S2O3 was then recorded.

4. With the aid of a filter funnel, the weighed sample was carefully transferred to a
250 mL volumetric flask. The funnel was rinsed with distilled water into the
volumetric flask. Using a graduated cylinder, 10 mL sulfuric acid was added into
the volumetric flask. Distilled water was then added until the calibration mark. The
flask was capped and shook to obtain a homogenous solution.

5. About 50 mL of Na2S2O3 solution was poured into a small beaker. A pipette was
washed with distilled water and rinsed with Na2S2O3 solution. Then, 20 mL of
Na2S2O3 solution was pipetted into a conical flask.

6. Using a graduated cylinder, 10 mL of sulphuric acid was added into the conical
flask.

7. The solution with the standard KMnO4 solution was titrated from the burette until
the end point is reached. The final burette reading was recorded to obtain the result
of the ROUGH TITRATION.

8. The titration process was then repeated until two consecutive titrations agree to ±
0.10mL.

5. Data Sheet

Number of ROUGH Titration 1 Titration 2 Titration 3

titration TITRATION
Final burette 17.80 31.70 48.40 17.60
reading (mL)
Initial burette 0.00 17.80 31.70 01.00
reading (mL)
Volume of 17.80 13.90 16.70 16.60
KMnO4 used
(mL)

Mass of sample Na2S2O3 used = 4.066 g

Volume of Na2S2O3 used (pipette volume) = 20.00 mL
Concentration of standard KMnO4 = 0.025 M
Average volume of KMnO4 = (16.70 + 16.60) / 2 = 16.65 mL

6. Calculations

Calculate the molarity (M) and concentration (g/L) of sodium thiosulphate:

Molarity of sodium thiosulphate , MAVA = MBVB

MA(20.00) = (0.025 M) x (16.65 mL)

MA = 0.021 M
 Concentration of sodium thiosulphate , MA = g/L
𝑔
0.021 M = (2𝑥23)+(2𝑥32)+(3𝑥16)
g = 3.318 g

3.318 𝑔
Concentration , g/L = 0.02 𝐿
= 165.9 g/L

7. Questions

Why did the solution turn to pink at the end of the titration?

It turns pink at a certain pH because the absence of a hydrogen ion on an ionizable

group changes the frequency of light that the solution absorbs and thus the
complementary colour that it transmits.

8. Discussion

In this experiment, a homogenous solution was obtained by combining 4 g of sodium

thiosulphate, distilled water and 10 mL sulfuric acid. After that, 20 mL of the solution
was pipetted to a conical flask along with an addition of 10 mL sulfuric acid via
graduated cylinder. The solution was titrated with the KMnO4 solution from the burette
until two consecutive titrations agree to ± 0.10 mL so that an average could be reached.
It took three titrations to get 16.70 mL and 16.60 mL which in average is 16.65 mL.
The colour of the solution changes with the reaction without any use of indicator as the
KMnO4 solution is a self indicator. Based on the results achieved, the molarity and
concentration of sodium thiosulphate was calculated. The molarity was calculated using
the MAVA = MBVB formula while the concentration was calculated using the g/L
formula. The calculations determined the molarity to be 0.021 M and the concentration
to be 165.9 g/L. Even though the experiment was conducted carefully and free of errors,
the possible errors in the experiment cannot be ignored. For example, overtitration
could lead to an inevitable incorrect molarity and concentration results. Other than that,
incorrect titration technique could also sabotage the results of the experiment. To avoid
contaminating the experiment results, the solution from the burette should be
transferred slowly and carefully while swirling the flask.

9. Conclusion

In conclusion, the molarity of solution by titration with potassium permanganate was

found to be 0.021 M while the concentration was found to be 165.9 g/L. The titration
must be done with care because a single error can disrupt the entire experiment and
produce inaccurate results.
10. References

Standardization of potassium permanganate in 7 steps - praxilabs (no date). Available

at: https://blog.praxilabs.com/2020/12/06/standardization-of-kmno4-in-7-steps/

Why is titration pink? - BYJUS (no date). Available at: https://byjus.com/question-

answer/why-is-titration-pink/

Libretexts (2021) Redox titration, Chemistry LibreTexts. Libretexts. Available at:

https://chem.libretexts.org/Ancillary_Materials/Demos_Techniques_and_Experiments/
General_Lab_Techniques/Titration/Redox_Titration#:~:text=When%20we%20add%20
a%20redox,color%2C%20signaling%20the%20end%20point.