LABORATORY REPORT CHM138

(BASIC CHEMISTRY)
NO OF EXPERIMENT: 6
TITLE OF EXPERIMENT: REDOX TITRATION-DETERMINATION OF
THE MOLARITY AND CONCENTRATION OF IRON (II) SULPHATE
(FeSO4) SOLUTION BY TITRATION WITH POTASSIUM
PERMANGANATE
DATE OF EXPERIMENT: 16 DECEMBER 2022
GROUP: HAPPY OXIDANTS
PROGRAM: DIPLOMA IN MICROBIOLOGI
CODE OF SUBJECT: CHM 138

BIL NAME OF STUDENTS MATRIC NO

1 NOOR SUHADA IDAYU BT ARBAIN 2022627316
2 NUR SHAFFIDA TAZZRIENA BINTI 2022865884
ABDULLAH
3 NUR AMIRADAMIA BINTI WAN 2022801626
ROSMAN
4 NUR LAILATUL SHAHREEN BINTI 2022679792
AZHAR

PREPARED FOR:
MR JAMIL MUHAMMAD SAPARI

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TABLE CONTENTS

CONTENT PAGE NO.

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Objective of the Experiment

Hypothesis 3

Apparatus 3

Introduction 3

Experimental Procedure 4

Data and results 5

Calculations 6

Discussion 7

Conclusion 8

Answers to Questions 9

References 10

OBJECTIVE
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To determine the molarity and concentration of iron (II) sulphate (FeSO4) using redox
titration.

HYPOTHESIS
If we find the molarity of the potassium permanganate after it is standardized, then we can
find the concentration of oxalic acid, because using a mole-to-mole conversion of the
permanganate and the moles of oxalic acid found from the data would produce the molarity if
set above the volume. 

APPARATUS
Volumetric flask (250ml), pipette (20 ml), graduated cylinder (10ml), conical flask (250 ml),
beaker (50ml), burette, burette clamp, retort stand, pipette filler, filter funnel and dropper.

CHEMICALS
Iron ii sulphate FeSO4, 0.025M standard potassium permanganate solution, KMnO4

INTRODUCTION
Redox reaction involves the transfer of electrons, and an acid-base reaction involves the
transfer of protons. Just as an acid can be titrated against a base, we can titrate an oxidizing
agent against a reducing agent using a similar procedure. We can carefully add a solution
containing an oxidizing agent to a solution containing a reducing agent. The end point is
reached when the reducing agent is completely oxidized by the oxidizing agent. Two
common oxidizing agents are potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7) and potassium
permanganate (KMnO4). The colours of the dichromate and permanganate anions are
distinctly different from those of the reduced species.

Cr2O7 2- → Cr3+
Yellow-orange Green

MnO4 - → Mn2+
Light purple Pink

Thus, these oxidizing agents can themselves be used as an indicator in a redox titration
because they have distinctly different colours in the oxidized and reduced forms. Redox s
titration requires the same type of calculations (based on the mole method) as acid-base
neutralizations. In this experiment, KMnO4 solution of known concentration will react with
an acidified solution of FeSO4 of unknown concentration. This reaction involves oxidation
and reduction reactions (redox) in which electrons are transferred from one substance to
another. In this redox reaction, Fe2+ is converted into Fe3+ and MnO4 - is converted into
Mn2+. The change in the oxidation state of manganese in MnO4 - to Mn2+ causes a change
in colour. When the reaction is complete, and excess MnO4 - is added to the reaction
mixture, the solution turns pink, and the titration is done.

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PROCEDURE
1. Burette was washed with distilled water and then rinsed with about 5-10 mL of KMnO4
solution, the second rinsing runned through the burette tip. The burette clamped to the retort
stand.

2. The burette filled with KMnO4 solution. Make sure the tip is filled and contain no air
bubbles. The initial burette reading recorded to two decimal places. Since the colour of the
KMnO4 solution is quite intense, you may be required to give a good estimate of the burette
volume.

3. On an analytical balance, 8 g FeSO4 weighed accurately using weighing paper. The mass
of FeSO4 recorded.

4. With the aid of a filter funnel, the FeSO4 transferred carefully to a 250 mL volumetric
flask. The filter funnel rinsed with distilled water into the volumetric flask. Using a graduated
cylinder, 10 mL of 2 M sulphuric acid added into the volumetric flask. Distilled water added
until the calibration mark (use a dropper to add the last few drops of distilled water). The
volumetric flask shaked by turning it upside-down a few times in order for the solution to be
homogeneous.

5. About 50 mL of FeSO4 solution poured into a small beaker. 20 mL pipette washed with
distilled water and rinsed with FeSO4 solution (all rinsing solutions must be discarded). 20
mL of FeSO4 solution pipette into a 250 mL conical flask (ensure there no air bubbles at the
tip of the pipette)

6. 10 mL of 2 M sulphuric acid added into the conical flask by using a graduated cylinder.

7. Conical flask was placed on a piece of white paper or white tile (DO NOT USE FILTER
PAPER) under the burette and the burette tip lowered into the conical flask.

8. The titration apparatus was setup. This solution titrated with the standard KMnO4 from the
burette until the end point reached. During the titration, the conical flask kept swirling. The
end point is indicated when the solution turns to a LIGHT PINK permanently. The final
burette reading recorded. This is the result of the ROUGH TITRATION.

9. The titration process repeated until two consecutive titrations (meaning, one titration after
another) agree to +/- 0.10 mL.

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DATA AND RESULTS

NUMBER OF ROUGH 1 2 3 4
TITRATION
FINAL BURETTE 27.40 44.70 27.30 44.70 27.50
READING (ml)
INITIAL 00.00 27.40 00.00 27.30 00.00
BURETTE
READING (ml)
VOLUME OF 22.60 17.30 22.50 17.40 22.50
KMnO4 USED
(ml)
Table 1 results of happy oxidants group.

Mass of FeSO4 used = 8.00 g

Volume of FeSO4 solution (pipette volume) = 20.00 ml

Concentration of standard KMnO4 = 0.025 M

Average volume of KMnO4 = 22.60 + 17.30 + 22.50 + 17.40 + 22.50

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= 20.46 ml

GROUP AVERAGE VOLUME OF KMnO4 USED /

ml
HAPPY OXIDANTS 20.46

GOLD 23.63

DORA 23.36

BARBIE 22.24

SHINY 22.80

BREAKING BAD 21.54

MIL 22.98

Table 2 comparison of average volume of KMnO4 used between another group.

CALCULATIONS

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1. In this experiment, MnO4 - is reduced to Mn2+ and Fe2+ is oxidized to Fe3+. The
reaction happened in the acidic solution. With the help of ionelectron method, balance
the redox equation.

Fe2+ + MnO4 - → Fe3+ + Mn2+

Half reaction
Fe2+ → Fe3+ (oxidation)
MnO4 - → Mn2+ (reduction)

Balance
Fe2+ → Fe3+ + e
MnO4 - + 8H + 5e → Mn2+ + 4H2O

Combine the half reaction

5Fe2+ + MnO4 - + 8H+ → 5Fe3+ + Mn2+ + 4H2O

2. Determine the molarity (M) of FeSO4 solution

Molarity = moles of solution
litres of solution

Given that mass = 8.0 g

Volume = 20 ml / 0.020 L
Molar mass of FeSO4 :
molar mass of Fe = 56
Molar mass of S = 32
Molar mass of O = 16
Total molar mass = 56+32+16(4) = 152g /mol

No of mole = mass (g)

Molar mass
= 8.00 g
152 g/mol
= 0.0526 mol
Molarity FeSO4 = 0.0526 mol
0.020 L
= 2.63 M

3. Calculate the concentration in g/L of FeSO4

Concentration = Molarity × molar mass
= 2.63 mol/L × 152g/mol
= 399.76g/L

DISCUSSION
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 First, this experiment about iron (II) sulphate where Iron has an oxidation number of
+2 and Potassium permanganate where Mn has an oxidation number of +7, react with
each other in an acidic condition. That means FeSO4, KMnO4, and H2SO4 react to
produce the Iron (III) sulfate, Manganese sulfate, potassium sulfate as well as water. This
is a Redox (oxidation-reduction) reaction. Now, if we concentrate on the chemical
reaction equation which is our main fact of discussion in this article, we will notice that
the Iron (Fe) in the reactant releases one electron in the meantime the Manganese takes up
5 electrons from the reaction. Therefore, it is an oxidation-reduction reaction as the
electron transfer occurred in this reaction.

The balanced equation for the reaction discussed above is–

10FeSO4 + 2KMnO4 + 8H2SO4 = 5Fe2(SO4)3 + 2MnSO4 + K2SO4 + 8H2O

From the above discussion, there is no doubt that the reaction is a redox reaction. As it
is an oxidation-reduction reaction, it can easily be balanced by the ion-electron method
where we take into concern the number of electron(s) transfers from the reducing agent to
the oxidizing agent. So, further not do any delay, let’s get started.

Reducing agent: FeSO4

Oxidizing agent: KMnO4

We should know that the oxidizing agents are responsible for the reduction reaction in
a redox reaction. Here, in the above reaction manganese takes 5 electrons and the
oxidation number becomes +2. So, reduction takes place in terms of KMnO4 or MnO4–.
On the other hand, the Iron in the reactant part of the reaction released only one electron
and produced an iron (III) ion, as it is a reducing agent. The oxidation number of reducing
agent iron (II) ion becomes +3 from +2. As the oxidizing agent, KMnO4 has to take 5
electrons to become Mn+2, on the country, the reducing agent iron (II) sulfate releases
only one electron to get oxidized. So, there are five times reducing agents needed to
reduce the KMnO4. Therefore, we should multiply the number (2) equation by 5 and then
add them together to get the full oxidation-reduction reaction.

Based on the results that we got, our group which is Happy oxidants, got are same
with the theory said. Reduction of purple permanganate ion to the colourless Mn+2 ion,
the solution will turn from dark purple to a faint pink colour at the equivalence point. The
initial and final readings of the burette is recorded and repeated three times includes
rough titration. The final burette reading of the titration are fixed to all the titrations. So,
the average volume of KMnO4 used is 20.46 ml. While the average volume of KMnO4
that other groups used is shown in table 2 above. It was slightly different. There are a few
precautions steps that we need to follow to make sure we get the accurate results. First,
potassium permanganate is dark, so always read the upper meniscus. Rinse the pipette
and burette before use. Use dilute sulfuric acid for acidifying the potassium
permanganate.
Take accurate readings once it reaches the endpoint and doesn’t go with average readings.
Use the antiparallel card or auto parallax card while taking the burette readings.
The strength of the unknown solution should be taken up to two decimal places only.

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CONCLUSIONS

From this redox titration lab, we were able to determine the unknown molarity of a
substance that went through a redox chemical reaction. For our lab, the molarity of
FeSO4 solution is 2.63 mol/L. For the concentration of FeSO4 is 399.76 g/L. As a result,
the unknown molarity of the Fe2+ solution was determined in this lab using a redox
titration. The experiment helps to find the molarity of solution by titration. The
experiment also helps to know the concept of redox reaction and titration. The possible
reasons of error in the experiment due to inappropriate amount of chemicals,
contaminated burette and measurements. These errors could be reduced by taking
appropriate amount of chemicals and using clean vessel or burette. The experiment could
be used in future to determine the molarity of other compounds through titration of redox
reactions. After titration, the purple color of the potassium permanganate was found
colourless and complete neutralization was obtained.

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 QUESTIONS
1. Why did the solution turn to light pink at the end of the titration?

In this experiment, Mn2+ has a visible colour at the concentrations, so the purple KMnO4 is
reduced to Mn2+ it seems to disappear. At the endpoint, one drop after the equivalence point,
that drop falls in the conical flask can't oxidized any more Fe2+ and that purple drop stays
unreacted in the flask, it spreads out and gives a light pink colour to the solution.

2. Identify which species is oxidized and reduced in this experiment.

Oxidation is the loss of electrons or hydrogen atoms or gain of oxygen atom. It was identified
that Fe2+ is oxidation species. Meanwhile reduction is the gain of electrons or hydrogen
atoms or loss of oxygen atom. It was identified that Mn2+ is reduction species.

3. Differentiate between oxidation and reduction.

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REFERENCE

1) Haneef, J. (2016, April 7). Difference between oxidation and reduction. Major
Differences. Retrieved January 2, 2023, from
https://www.majordifferences.com/2016/04/difference-between-oxidation-and-
reduction.html

2) Khan Academy. (n.d.). Oxidation–reduction (redox) reactions (article). Khan

Academy. Retrieved January 2, 2023, from https://www.khanacademy.org/science/ap-
chemistry-beta/x2eef969c74e0d802:chemical-reactions/
x2eef969c74e0d802:oxidation-reduction-redox-reactions/a/oxidation-number

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