ED260

Bachelor in Education Science (Hons.)

Chemistry
Faculty of Education

CHM 420
Name : Nur Fatma Hanis binti Abdullah Sani
Matrix Number : 2014665254
Title of Experiment : Redox Titration
Group : ED2601A
Group Partner : Nur Syawanie Nabilah binti Ismail
Date of Submission : 17 November 2014
Lecturer’s name : Mr Yong Soon Kong
EXPERIMENT 7

OBJECTIVE

The objective of this experiment is to standardize the potassium permanganate solution and to
determine the composition of metal by titration method.

INTRODUCTION

In redox reactions, the permanganate ion is commonly used as an oxidizing agent. Under acidic
conditions, the permanganate ion is reduced to manganese (II). The purple colour of the
permanganate ion can be used as an indicator to determine when the titration reaction is
complete.

CHEMICAL AND APPARATUS

 0.1 M potassium permanganate solution  Burette

 Solid sodium oxalate (Na2C2O4)  Conical flask
 1.0 M sulfuric acid  Hot plate
 Iron ore  Volumetric flask

METHODOLOGY

A. Standardization of the Potassium Permanganate Solution

1. Dried sodium oxalate, Na2C2O4 was weighed accurately between 0.2 to 0.25 g and was
added into conical flask.
2. 40 ml of 1.0 M sulfuric acid solution was added into the conical flask.
3. The conical flask was heated gently to 60 ֯C and was titrated with permanganate solution
until the first persistent pink color appeared. (Temperature should be maintained at
55-57 ֯C)
4. The titration was repeated to obtain 2 acceptable results.

B. Analysis of Ore

1. Iron ore was weighed accurately between 0.2 to 0.4 g and was added into conical flask.
2. 30 ml of distilled water and 30 ml of 1 M sulfuric acid solution were added the conical
flask.
3. A glass funnel was placed on the conical flask.
4. The conical flask was heated gently on a hot plate for 20-30 minutes until ore was
dissolved.
5. The mixture was filtered into a 100 ml volumetric flask and was filled up to the mark
with 1.0 M sulfuric acid solution.
6. 25 ml of the solution was pipetted into conical flask and was heated gently to 60 ֯C.
 7. The solution was titrated with permanganate solution until the first persistent pink color
appeared.
8. The titration was repeated to obtain 3 acceptable results.

DATASHEET EXPERIMENT 3

Name : Nur Fatma Hanis binti Abdullah Sani Date : 11/11/2014

Student ID : 2014665254 Group : ED2601A

A. Standardization of the Potassium Permanganate Solution.

Table 7.1

Trial 1 Trial 2
Weight of Na2C2O4, g 0.2588 0.2660
Final burette reading, ml 38.40 26.80
Initial burette reading, ml 50.00 39.30
Volume of KMnO4, ml 11.60 12.50

B. Analysis of Ore.
Table 7.2

Trial 1 Trial 2
Weight of iron ore, g 0.4000 0.3950
Final burette reading, ml 49.30 49.20
Initial burette reading, ml 50.00 50.00
Volume of KMnO4, ml 0.7000 0.8000
QUESTIONS

1. A) Actual molarity of potassium permanganate solution.

 From the balanced equation, the oxalate-permanganate molar ratio is five to two.

Moles of sodium oxalate,

 Average weight of solid sodium oxalate,

(0.26 g+0.27 g) / 2 = 0.27 g
 Molar mass of sodium oxalate = 134.00 g/mole
 Moles of sodium oxalate,
0.27 g ÷ 134.00 g/mole = 2.0 × 10-3

Actual molarity of potassium permanganate solution,

 2.0 × 10-3 mole of sodium oxalate × (2 mole permanganate / 5 mole oxalate)

= 8.0 × 10-4 mole permanganate.
 Average of volume of KMnO4, (11.60 ml + 12.50 ml) / 2
= 12.05 ml
 Actual molarity, 8.0 × 10-4 mole / 0.01205 L = 0.07 M

Actual molarity of potassium permanganate solution is 0.07 M

B) Concentration of iron (II) in iron ore solution (initial volume of 100 ml)

 Average mass of iron ore,

(0.40 g + 0.39 g) / 2 = 0.40 gram
 Number of mole of iron ore, (0.40 g × 100 ml) / 1000 = 0.04 mole
 Concentration, 0.04 mole ÷ 0.1 L = 0.4 M

Concentration of iron (II) in iron ore solution (initial volume of 100 ml) IS 0.4 M.

C) Percent purity of iron (II) in unknown iron sample.

 The reaction equation is, 5Fe2+ + MnO4- + 8H+ → 5Fe3+ + Mn2+ + 4H2O. So that means,
iron react with permanganate in 5:1 ratio.
 Average volume of KMnO4 used, (0.7 ml + 0.8 ml) / 2 = 0.8 ml
 Mole of KMnO4, 0.008 L × 0.1 M = 8×10-5 mole.
 Mole of iron, 5 × 8×10-5 mole = 4×10-4 mole.
 Mass of iron, 4×10-4 mole × 55.854 g/mol = 0.022 gram
 Percent purity of iron (II), (0.022 g/0.40 g) ×100% = 5.5 %

Percent purity of iron (II) in unknown iron sample is 5.5 %.

2. Why no indicator is needed in this experiment?

 In KMnO4 titrations, there is a distinct color difference between the reactant and product;
the product is almost colorless, whereas the reactant has an intense purple color. This
allows auto-indication to be used.

3. Typically, a solid iron ore is dried in an oven before analysis. How would the
percentage of Fe determined be affected if he ore had not been dried?

 Results would be higher than they are supposed to be if the iron is not dried out because
the water adds mass to the sample.
DISCUSSION

A. Interpretation.

 When using KMnO4, it must be standardized before used.

 Permanganate ion is a powerful oxidizing agent, especially in acidic solution, which can
be used to analyze (by titration) solutions containing many different species. In these
titration reactions, the intensely colored MnO4- ion is reduced to form the colorless
Mn2+ ion.
 An advantage of using the permanganate ion in the titration of colorless unknown
solutions is that it is "self-indicating". As long as the reducing agent remains present in
the sample, the color of MnO4-quickly disappears as it is reduced to Mn 2+. However, at
the endpoint, all the reducing agent has been used up so the next drop of MnO 4- solution
is sufficient to cause an easily detected color change. So we know that at the endpoint,
the oxidizing agent (MnO4-) and reducing agent (Fe2+) have reacted in exactly in
proportion to their stoichiometry in the balanced redox equation.
 The half reactions for the process are:
MnO4 + 8H + 5e - Mn + 4H + 4H2O
- + 2+ +
(Reduction)
Fe - Fe + e
2+ 3+
(Oxidation)

B. Error

 Weighing errors, simple misreading of the balance and/or loss of sample when
transferring it to the flask.
 Weighing errors, simple misreading of the balance and/or loss of sample when
transferring it to the flask.
 The end point of a titration is when the reaction between the two solutions has stopped.
Indicators, which change color to indicate when the reaction has stopped, do not change
instantly. In the case of acid-base titration, the indicator may first lighten in color before
changing completely. Also, each individual perceives color slightly differently, which
affects the outcome of the experiment. If the color has changed slightly, too much of the
titrant, which comes from the burette, can be introduced into the solution, overshooting
results.

C. Safety Precaution

• Wear safety goggles at all times while in the laboratory.

• Potassium permanganate is a strong oxidizing agent and can be damaging to skin, eyes,
and clothing.
• Wash thoroughly after handling.
 • Potassium permanganate solutions will stain skin and clothing if spilled.
• Sulfuric acid solutions are damaging to the skin, eyes, and clothing–especially if allowed
to concentrate through evaporation of water. If the sulfuric acid solution is spilled on the
skin or clothes, wash immediately and inform the instructor.
• Iron salts may be irritating to the skin. Wash after handling.
• Dispose of any excess KMnO in the appropriate waste container after insuring that no
other groups need additional solution.

D. Suggestion Mark.

 For an accurate result, we can carry out this experiment in the unlimited working time.
 We can repeat this experiment to obtain accurate results and use the average in the
calculation.

CONCLUSION

• MnO4- ion is reduced to form the colorless Mn2+ ion.

• the oxidizing agent (MnO4-) and reducing agent (Fe2+) have reacted in exactly in
proportion to their stoichiometry in the balanced redox equation.
• The half reactions for the process are:
MnO4 + 8H + 5e - Mn + 4H + 4H2O
- + 2+ +
(Reduction)
Fe - Fe + e
2+ 3+
(Oxidation)

REFERENCES

 Brooklyn College, (15, November, 2014). Redox Titration with Potassium Permanganate
and determination of Iron in an Ore. Retrieved from
http://academic.brooklyn.cuny.edu/chem/maggie/teach/chem41/files/feo.pdf
 Scuffruff, (15, November, 2014). Titrations. Retrievd from
http://www.slideshare.net/scuffruff/titrations
 Bridgett D. Smith, (15,November,2014). Acid-Base Titration. Retrieved from
https://salve.digication.com/bridgettsmith/Conclusion11