ED260

Bachelor in Education Science (Hons.)

Chemistry
Faculty of Education

CHM 420
Name : Nur Fatma Hanis binti Abdullah Sani
Matrix no : 2014665254
Title of Experiment : Chemical Equilibrium
Group : ED2601A
Group Partner : Nur Syawanie Nabilah binti Ismail
Date of Submission : th 2014
Lecturer’s name : Mr Yong Soon Kong
EXPERIMENT 5

OBJECTIVE
The objective of conducting this experiment is to observe the effects to equilibrium system when
certain stresses are introduced.

INTRODUCTION

CHEMICAL AND APPARATUS

Suction Filtration Set :
 0.5 M CaCl2  Burette  Crucible and cover
 Unfolded filter
 1.5 M Na2CO3  Conical flask  Bunsen burner
paper
 Watch glass  Tripod stand
 Buchner funnel
 Oven  Clay triangle
 Adapter
 Analytical  Test tubes
 Vacuum filter
balance  Wooden splint
flask
 Rubber tube

METHODOLOGY

1. 0.5 M CaCl2 and 1.5 M Na2CO3 at required volume were dispensed from the burette into
a clean conical flask.
2. The flask was swirled and was left aside for five minutes to allow precipitate completely
formed.
3. The product was filtered using Buchner funnel and suction filtration set.
4. The filter paper was removed from the Buchner funnel and was placed on a pre-weighed
watch glass. The product was dried in the oven for 30 minutes.
5. The product (CaCO3) was scraped from the filter paper onto the watch glass.
6. The watch glass that filled with the product was returned to the oven for further 10
minutes.
7. The mass of the product was obtained.
8. The product was reheated and re-obtained for three times to complete dryness.
9. The amount of product that obtained were compared with that expected. The limiting
reactant and excess reactant were identified and the percentage yield was calculated.
DATASHEET EXPERIMENT 3

Name : Nur Fatma Hanis binti Abdullah Sani Date : 21/10/2014

Student ID : 2014665254 Group : ED2601A

Reactions
1 2
Mass of the product, g
(1st heat) 0.9070 0.5789
Mass of the product, g
(after reheating) 0.8871 0.5622
Mass of the product, g
(after reheating) 0.8859 0.5588
Mass of the product, g 0.8854 0.5588

CALCULATION

(REACTION 1)

A. Determination of limiting reactant.

CaCl2 + Na2CO3  CaCO3 + 2NaCl

Number of mole of CaCl2 = 0.5 M × 0.02 L

= 0.010 mole

Number of mole of Na2CO3 = 1.5 M × 0.01 L

= 0.015 mole

So, CaCl2 is the limiting reactant.

B. Number of mole of CaCO3.

1 mole CaCl2 equal to 1 mole CaCO3 so,

0.010 mole CaCl2

------------------------- × 1 mole CaCO3
1 mole CaCl2

No mole of CaCO3 = 0.010 mole

C. Theoretical mass of CaCO3.

0.010 mole CaCO3 × 100.087 g/mole = 1.00087 gram.

 D. Percentage Yield.

Actual mass CaCO3 = 0.8854 gram.

Theoretical mass CaCO3 = 1.00087 gram.

(0.8854 gram / 1.00087 gram) × 100% = 88.46 %

The percentage yield for reaction 1 = 88.46 %

(REACTION 2)

A. Determination of limiting reactant.

CaCl2 + Na2CO3  CaCO3 + 2NaCl

Number of mole of CaCl2 = 0.5 M × 0.02 L

= 0.0100 mole

Number of mole of Na2CO3 = 1.5 M × 0.005 L

= 0.0075 mole

So, Na2CO3 is the limiting reactant.

B. Number of mole of CaCO3.

1 mole Na2CO3 equal to 1 mole CaCO3 so,

0.0075 mole Na2CO3 × 1 mole CaCO3

1 mole Na2CO3

No mole of CaCO3 = 0.0075 mole

C. Theoretical mass of CaCO3.

0.0075 mole CaCO3 × 100.087 g/mole = 0.75065 gram.

D. Percentage Yield.

Actual mass of CaCO3 = 0.5588 gram.

Theoretical mass of CaCO3 = 0.75065 gram.

(0.5588 gram / 0.75065 gram) × 100% = 74.44 %

The percentage yield for reaction 2 = 74.44 %

QUESTION

1. A) Balanced chemical equation for reaction.

CaCl2 + Na2CO3  CaCO3 + 2NaCl

B) Limiting reactant.

For reaction 1, CaCl2 is the limiting reactant.

For reaction 2, Na2CO3 is limiting reactant.

C) The theoretical yield.

(Reaction 1)

Number of mole of CaCl2 = 0.5 M × 0.02 L

= 0.010 mole

1 mole CaCl2 equal to 1 mole CaCO3 so,

0.010 mole CaCl2

------------------------- × 1 mole CaCO3
1 mole CaCl2

No mole of CaCO3 = 0.010 mole

0.010 mole CaCO3 × 100.087 g/mole = 1.00087 gram.

The theoretical yield for reaction 1 = 1.00087 gram.

(Reaction 2)

Number of mole of Na2CO3 = 1.5 M × 0.005 L

= 0.0075 mole

1 mole Na2CO3 equal to 1 mole CaCO3 so,

0.0075 mole Na2CO3

--------------------------- × 1 mole CaCO3
1 mole Na2CO3

No mole of CaCO3 = 0.0075 mole

0.0075 mole CaCO3 × 100.087 g/mole = 0.75065 gram.

The theoretical yield for reaction 2 = 0.75065 gram.

D) The percent yield.

(Reaction 1)

Actual mass CaCO3 = 0.8854 gram.

Theoretical mass CaCO3 = 1.00087 gram.

(0.8854 gram / 1.00087 gram) × 100% = 88.46 %

The percentage yield for reaction 1 = 88.46 %

(Reaction 2)

Actual mass of CaCO3 = 0.5588 gram.

Theoretical mass of CaCO3 = 0.75065 gram.

(0.5588 gram / 0.75065 gram) × 100% = 74.44 %

The percentage yield for reaction 2 = 74.44 %

2. Yes, the yield that I obtained was satisfied as the percentage yield is more than 50%.
I think it is not common to get an accurate yield because there are many sources of errors
in this experiment.
DISCUSSION

A. Interpretation.
 The expected (theoretical) mass of CaCO3 in reaction 1 is 1.00087 gram.
 The expected (theoretical) mass of CaCO3 in reaction 2 is 0.75065 gram.
 Steps to calculate theoretical yield.
i. Balanced the reaction equation and determine the ratios of reactants to
products.
ii. Calculate the number of moles of each reactant used.
iii. Calculate and determine the limiting reactant.
 Formula to calculate the percentage yield :-
 [Actual yield (gram) / Theoretical yield (gram)] × 100%

B. Error
 Zero error may occur as we use analytical balance to weigh the product which the result
shown is not precise.
 The product may still stick at the filter paper as we not scrape it perfectly so caused the
percentage yield to be decreased.
 Errors also can be introduced by immediate working environment. Students have limited
time to carry out the experiment so the rate of reaction may be incomplete.

C. Safety Precaution
 We must wear safety goggles and gloves as a protection.
 Place the filter paper and the product in the waste containers in the hood.

D. Suggestion Mark.
 For an accurate result, we can carry out this experiment in the unlimited working time.

CONCLUSION

By using the formula and calculation above :-

 CaCl2 is the limiting reactant for reaction 1.
 Na2CO3 is limiting reactant for reaction 2.
 The percentage yield for reaction 1 = 88.46 %
 The percentage yield for reaction 2 = 74.44 %
 We cannot have the accurate percentage yield as there are many sources of errors in this
reactions.
REFERENCES

1. http://mit-ot.blogspot.com/2012/05/chm11l-experiment-no-5-stoichiometry.html
2. https://docs.google.com/document/d/
1vYU6cYBFm6HVWRYiP3TzleBE0idc3w5h6TCBCAUgijA/edit?pli=1