ADVANCES IN PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY

OF MARI GOLD

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 MARI GOLD
Botanical Name: Tagetes spp.
Family : Asteraceae
Origin : Mexico

The name Tagetes was given after Tages, a demigod

known for his beauty

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 IMPORTANCE AND USES
• Landscape plant
• Ideal for newly planted shrubberies
• Leaf extract is remedy for ear ache and have
fungicidal effect
• Trap crop in tomato and tobacco
• Oil is used in the perfume industry
• Petals used for decoration and extraction of
xanthophill which has become as one of the organic
sources of edible color for processing products and
for poultry feed
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 Contd…
• Garland
• Therapeutic uses
• Gardens, pots, bedding
• Herbaceous border
• Rockery, edging, hanging baskets, window boxes
(French marigold)
• The carotenoid extracted from petals are added to
poultry feed for intensification of yellow color of
egg yolk.
• Lutein which is the major constituent of
xanthophylls is used for coloring food stuffs.
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 Contd…
• Leaves – odoriferous oil
• Wild marigold (Tagetes minuta) oil has valuable
and precious essential oil which is used in high
grade perfumes and cosmetics.
• Ketones present in the oil are base material for
synthesizing aroma chemicals.
• Marigold – insect repellent activities
• The floral extract – treating eye diseases and ulcers
• Nematodes (Meloidogyne incognita, M. javanica).

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 Types and species

Tagetes erecta (African

marigold):
 Flower heads single to
fully double
 Lemon-yellow to yellow,
golden yellow or orange
 Large size flowers
 Florets 2 – lipped or
quilled

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 Contd..
• Giant Double African Orange
• Giant Double African Yellow
• Pusa Narangi Gainda, Pusa Basanthi Gainda
• Yellowstone
• Riverside
• Cracker Jack
• Climax
• Dubloon
• Golden Age
• Chrysanthemum Charm
• Crown of Gold
• Spun Gold 7
 F1 hybrids
• Apollo
• Climax
• First Lady
• Gray Ladies
• Moon Shot
• Orange Lady
• Showboat (3x, sterile)
• Inca Gold
• Inca Orange
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Chrysanthemum flowered (A.Marigold)

Tall, 60-80 cm
 Double flowered
 Yellow and orange
flowers

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Carnation flowered (A. marigold)

 Flowers up to 10 cm
across
Orange, golden
yellow, deep orange,
lemon-yellow flowers

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Tagetes patula (French marigold)

Flower heads small

Single or double
Yellow to mahogany
– red, peduncles
long

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 Contd..
• Red Brocade
• Rusty Red
• Butter Scotch
• Valencia
• Sussana
• Disco Red
• Marvelous Orange
• Lemon Drop
• Bonanza Blend
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Tagetes tenuifolia (Syn. T. signata

Flowers 5 rays, yellow,

roundish to obovate
T.signata cv. pumila
dwarf, bushy, less than
30 cm
Small, bright yellow
flowers

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 Contd..

• Golden Gem
• Lulu
• Pumila
• Ursula

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Tagetes lucida (Sweet scented marigold)

Flowers 2-3 rayed

More odour than
others
Mostly yellow colored

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Tagetes lemmonii

Shrubbery plant
Showy flowers
2-3 cm diameter

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 Other varieties

Dwarf double Inca yellow hybrid

Tiger marigold Inca orange hybrid 17

 Contd..

Cracker Jack African Giant Tall Orange

African Giant Tall Yellow

African Giant
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 Inter specific hybrids
• Produced in the USA which are intermediate in
characters
• Early flowering, medium in height, 60 cm tall
• Red and Gold hybrids
• Nugget type (Yellow), Show Boat (Golden yellow)
and Red Seven Star etc.
• Alaska, Fire Glow, Golden Jubilee, Yellow Fluffy
(African marigold)
• Brownie Scout, Burpees Nugget, Cupid Yellow,
Petite Gold and Yellow Pygmy ( French marigold)
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 Other varieties
• TNAU, Coimbatore

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 Varieties suitable for growing

• Cracker Jack and Local varieties

Summer

• African Giant Tall Orange, African Giant Tall Yellow,

Calcuttia, Jaffri ( yellow and Orange) and Laddu
Rainy Gainda

• Pusa Narangi Gainda, Pusa Basanti Gainda, Tiger (yellow

and red), African Giant (double orange and double yellow)
Winter and Inca Hybrid ( orange and yellow)

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Soil

pH 7.0 – 7.5

Fertile sandy loam

Red loam + leaf

mixture soil

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Climate

Mild climate

14.5 – 28.6 0C

26.2 – 36.4 0C

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Propagation

Seed

Cutting

Micro propagation

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Seed propagation

200-300 g seed/acre for

summer, rainy
150-200 g/acre for winter

Fresh seeds good for

better germination

Mancozeb 3g +
Imidachloprid 5 g +
Sandovit 1ml / Kg of seed

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Nursery raising

Width 60-75 cm
15-20 cm height

3 m X 60 cm size bed
15-20 kg FYM

6-8 beds/ acre

Line distance: 4-5 cm
Sowing depth: 2-3 cm

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 Cuttings

• Followed for maintaining the purity of the

varieties
• 6-10 cm long cuttings from apical portion
• IBA (Seradix B – 1 and Rootex- 1)
• Planted in the sand + red soil first
• Roots develop within 10 -15 days.

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 Micro propagation

• Leaf explants produced large yellow calluses on

MS medium containing 5.0 mg NAA and 0.2-5.0
mg BA/l
(Belarmino et al., 1992)
• Tissue cultured plants in ventilated containers
(Aguilar et al., 2000).

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Transplanting of seedlings

One month old seedlings

3-4 leaves and stocky

Staggered planting

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Spacing

40 x 30 cm
60 x 45 cm

20 x 20 cm

20 x 10 cm

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 Time for the crop

Sowing time T. planting Flowering

Mid June time season
• Mid Mid July • Late rains
September • Mid October • Winter
• January- • February - • Summer
February March

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 Manures and fertilizers

• 20 -25 tonnes of well rotten FYM / ha

• 150 Kg (330 kg Urea)
N • 30, 50,70 and 100 DAT

• 60 Kg (375 kg SSP)
P
• 60 Kg (100 kg MOP)
• Micro nutrients:
• 0.5 % ZnSo4, 0.5% FeSo4 30 & 45 DAT showed earliness in
K flowering and increased flower yield.

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 Irrigation
• 55-60 days to complete vegetative stage
• Vegetative and flower production – sensitive
stages
• 8-10 days during rainy season
• Requires 6-8 irrigations during winter
• At 4-5 days interval from April-June

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 Growth regulators
• GA3 at 400 ppm, CCC (Chlormequat) 600 ppm gave
highest flower yield (127.71 g/plant) and flower
number (78.83/plant) in French type.
Tripathi et al., 2003

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 Weed management
• Deep ploughing with MBP during summer
• 3-4 manual weedings
• Glyphosate 8-10 ml + urea 10-15 g per liter water
before transplanting in the main field
(or)
• Pendimethalin @ 1 litre/acre

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 Pinching
• Tall varieties
• Apical dominance
• At 30-40 cm height/ before bud formation
• Pinching 35 - 40 DAT
• Plants dwarf and flowering delayed - pinching at
50 or 60 DAT.

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 • Irrigate before plucking
Harvesting • Pluck early morning or evening time
• Regular plucking for high productivity

• Gunny bags (Local market)

Packing • bamboo baskets (Distant market)

• 200-225 Q/Ha – rainy season

Yield • 150-175 q/ha – winter season
• 100-120 q/ha - summer season
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Seed production

Cross pollinated
crop

1-1.5 Km

Winter crop

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