Rad thera

Question 1

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A radiation exposure to a germ cell may lead to

Select one:

a. a genetic effect

b. an embryonic effect

c. a somatic effect

d. a fetal effect

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The correct answer is: a genetic effect

Question 2

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What are the three ways technologists can protect themselves from an exposure?

Select one:

a. Shielding, radiographic booth, and technical factors

b. Moving as far away as possible, high speed film screen combination, and high frequency generator

c. Time, distance, and shielding

d. Time, distance, and technical factors

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The correct answer is: Time, distance, and shielding

Question 3

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A technologist standing 3 feet from a radiation source receives 5 rad/hr. What would the technologist's
exposure dose be if he or she moves 1 foot closer to the source?

Select one:

a. 7.50 rad/hr

b. 11.25 mrad/hr

c. 11.25 rad/hr

d. 45 rad/hr

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The correct answer is: 11.25 rad/hr

Question 4

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When a photon of 1.02 MeV interacts with the nuclear force field of an atom, it is split into two
electrons?

Select one:

a. Recoil electrons

b. Identical scatter electrons

c. Positive and negative electrons

d. Position and negatron electrons

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The correct answer is: Position and negatron electrons

Question 5

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Which of the following are true regarding secondary radiation? 1. it interacts with matter and changes
direction. 2. it is the main exposure for the technologists. 3. It is 90% bremsstrahlung (braking radiation)

Select one:

a. 1,2 and 3

b. 1 and 3 only

c. 4 only

d. 1, 2, and 4

Question 6

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A photoelctric interactions is characterized by an incident photon interacting with an:

Select one:

a. Inner shell electron

b. Outer shell proton

c. Inner shell neutron

d. Outer shell electron

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The correct answer is: Inner shell electron

Question 7

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What is the primary source of leakage radiation?

Select one:
a. Technologist

b. Ragiographic table

c. Patient

d. X-ray tube housing

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The correct answer is: X-ray tube housing

Question 8

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Which of the following enforces radiation protection by making laws?

Select one:

a. NCRP ( National Council on Radiation Protection)

b. UNSCEAR (United Nations Scientific Community oin the Effects of Atomic Radiation)

c. NRC ( Nuclear Regulatory Commission)

d. ICRP (International Council on Radiation Protection)

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The correct answer is: NRC ( Nuclear Regulatory Commission)

Question 9

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What is a safe distance from a portable machine while making an exposure?

Select one:

a. 6 yards

b. 6 inches

c. 6 feet
d. 12 inches

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The correct answer is: 6 feet

Question 10

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The institution responsible for maintaining cumulative dose records for all radiation workers employed
by that institution is:

Select one:

a. The EPA

b. The institution itself

c. The FDA

d. The dosimetry company (e.g., film badge company)

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The correct answer is: The institution itself

Question 11

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After a coherent interaction with matter, the scatter photon has:

Select one:

a. Less energy than the incident photon

b. More energy than the incident photon

c. Coherent interaction do not produce scatter photons, they produce secondary photons.

d. The same energy as the incident photon

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The correct answer is: The same energy as the incident photon

Question 12

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The design of the radiographic room wil protect the technologists from:

Select one:

a. Secondary radiation after the secondary interaction

b. All of the above

c. Primary radiation

d. Secondary radiation after the first interaction

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The correct answer is: All of the above

Question 13

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Utilizing an air gap technique will

Select one:

a. more than one but not all of the above

b. increase patient exposure

c. decrease patientb exposure

d. not affect patient exposure

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The correct answer is: increase patient exposure

Question 14

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Bremsstrahlung is similar to which of the five interactions with matter?

Select one:

a. Pair production

b. Compton

c. Photoelectric

d. Coherent

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The correct answer is: Coherent

Question 15

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Which unit of measurement is used to measure radiation absorbed dose in matter?

Select one:

a. rem

b. roentgen

c. RBE

d. rad

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The correct answer is: rad

Question 16

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A cumulative time for an image intensification tube is:

Select one:

a. 15 min

b. 10 min

c. 5 min

d. 7 min

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The correct answer is: 5 min

Question 17

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The lenght of time required for a radioactive material to reduce its intensity to one half of its original
intensity is refreef to as

Select one:

a. half vale layer

b. this is not measurable

c. the 50% rule

d. half - life

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The correct answer is: half - life

Question 18

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Which of the following best describes a non stochastic effect

Select one:
a. a dose response relationship that is non threshold at which the severity of the responses will increase
rather than the probability of the response will occur

b. a dose response relationship that demonstrate a threshold at which the probability rather than the
severity of the response will occur

c. a dose response relationship that demonstrate a threshold at which the severity rather than the
probability of the response will occur

d. a dose response relationship that is non threshold at which the probability of the responses will
increase rather than the severity of the response will occur

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The correct answer is: a dose response relationship that demonstrate a threshold at which the severity
rather than the probability of the response will occur

Question 19

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A 20 year old man is going to have an Upper GI series. What, if anything, can the technologist do to
ensure proper radiation protection for this type of procedure

Select one:

a. ask the doctor to use only intermittent flouro because of the patients age

b. carefully place a flat contact shiueld between the patient and the radiographic table

c. place a gonadal shield over the patient while the flouroscopic examination is going on

d. give the patient only half of the prescribed barium suspension to drink, hoping that the test will be
shortened

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The correct answer is: carefully place a flat contact shiueld between the patient and the radiographic
table

Question 20

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A graph that describes a response to radiation is refreed to as

Select one:

a. probability curve

b. ALARA curve

c. dose response curve

d. minimum threshold graph

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The correct answer is: dose response curve

Question 21

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One way of limiting the primary beam that is emitted from the xray tube is to use beam restriction. Why
would beam restriction be an important part of patient protection?

Select one:

a. beam restriction is not related to patient protection and has no effect on exposure dosage

b. because it increases the overall beam quality

c. beam restriction limits the arae of being exposed

d. beam restrictions increases the overall area exposed and will optimized all the ionization within that
area

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The correct answer is: beam restriction limits the arae of being exposed

Question 22

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During a Compton interaction, what happens to the energy of the incident photon that is not absorbed
by the orbital electron?
Select one:

a. It is absorbed by a neighboring electron.

b. It ejects another electron through excitation.

c. It becomes a secondary photon.

d. It becomes a scatter photon.

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The correct answer is: It becomes a scatter photon.

Question 23

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In regard to film screen speed combinations, which of the following statements is true

Select one:

a. the faster the film, the slower speed needs to be

b. Decreasing the film screen speed will decrease the mAs needed to produce quality radiographs

c. Increasing the film screen speed will increase the mAs needed to produce quality radiographs

d. Increasing the film screen speed will decrease the mAs needed to produce quality radiographs

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The correct answer is: Increasing the film screen speed will decrease the mAs needed to produce quality
radiographs

Question 24

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The safest place for a technologist to stand when making a portable exosure is:

Select one:

a. At a 180 degree angle from the tube port

b. 12 inches from the tube port

c. At a 90 degree angle from the tube port

d. At a 270 degree angle from teh tube port

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The correct answer is: At a 90 degree angle from the tube port

Question 25

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The LD 50/30 for humans is between 250 and 450 rad. What does LD 50/30 stands for

Select one:

a. Lethal dose for 50% of the population that is 30 years old

b. light dose of radiation for radiation therapy patients that will cure 30 - 50% of all cancers

c. Lethal dose for 50% of the populations resulting in death for those people within 30 years old

d. Lethal dose for the population between 30 to 59 years old

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The correct answer is: Lethal dose for 50% of the populations resulting in death for those people within
30 years old

Question 26

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A somatic effect maybe classified as an early effect or a late effect. Which of the following are also true
regarding the somatic effects

Select one:

a. they are dangerous but not cause cancer

b. they become evident in the exposed individual

c. they become evident only in future generations

d. more than one but not all of the above are true

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The correct answer is: they become evident in the exposed individual

Question 27

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A non threshold dose effect relationship can be described as

Select one:

a. a response to the dosage regardless of how large or small the dosage is

b. This tyoe of response is still being studied because its not well understood

c. no response is noted unless the exposure is specified quantity

d. a response that will increase proportionally to the dosage

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The correct answer is: a response to the dosage regardless of how large or small the dosage is

Question 28

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The rem (radiation equivalent man) isa a measurement used to express exposure doses received by:

Select one:

a. Technologists

b. Patients

c. Any human

d. Technologist and patients

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The correct answer is: Technologists

Question 29

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A high ferquency generator will minimize patient exposure doses by providing a

Select one:

a. high efficiency filter with the xray tube

b. more polyenergetic primary beam

c. more monoenergetic primary beam

d. widely varying voltage ripple

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The correct answer is: more monoenergetic primary beam

Question 30

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What type of shielding is required in a radiographic room to protect visitors and personnel in rooms and
hallways adjacent to the radiographic rooms

Select one:

a. thin sheets of lead embedded in the walls of the radiographic rooms

b. bucky slot cover or flouro drape is normally used

c. more than one but not all of the above

d. no shielding is needed in this specific areas

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The correct answer is: thin sheets of lead embedded in the walls of the radiographic rooms

Question 31
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Which of the following technical factors will create the highest skin entrance dose to the patient being
examined?

Select one:

a. 80 kVp, 300 mA and 1/10 sec with no filtration

b. 80 kVp, 1000 mA and 1/20 sec with 2.5 Al/eq

c. 80 kVp, 300 mA and .5 sec with no filtration

d. 80 kVp, 800 mA and 1/60 sec with .05 Al/eq

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The correct answer is: 80 kVp, 300 mA and .5 sec with no filtration

Question 32

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Characteristic radiation is similar to which type of interaction?

Select one:

a. Coherent

b. Compton

c. Photoelectric

d. Pair production

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The correct answer is: Photoelectric

Question 33

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The acronym ALARA means

Select one:

a. As low as reasonably achievable

b. as long as the radiation's potential is achieved

c. as long as it's reasonable, it's acceptable

d. none of the above

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The correct answer is: As low as reasonably achievable

Question 34

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The amount of a material needed to reduce an xray beam to one half of its original intensity is defined
as

Select one:

a. mAs = distance formula

b. half value layer

c. half life

d. the 50% rule

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The correct answer is: half value layer

Question 35

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This type of interaction may be characterized by ejection of an outer shell electron:

Select one:

a. Pair production

b. Coherent

c. Photoelectric

d. Compton

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The correct answer is: Compton

Question 36

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The ejected photon from the photoelectric interaction with matter results in a secondary radiaiton and
a:

Select one:

a. Photoelectron

b. Recoil electron

c. Photoeleectric electron

d. Scatter electron

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The correct answer is: Photoelectron

Question 37

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The most widely ised personnel monitoring device is a:

Select one:
a. Film badge

b. Scintillation dosimeter

c. pocket dosimeter

d. Thermoluminiscent dosimeter

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The correct answer is: Film badge

Question 38

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A stationary radiographic unit operating at an average beam energy of 60 kVp wiull require _____
filtration to meet the NCRP's recommendations

Select one:

a. 0.5 Al/eq

b. 1.5 Al/eq

c. 2.0 Al/eq

d. 2.5 Al/eq

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The correct answer is: 1.5 Al/eq

Question 39

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Primary radiation can be defines as radiation:

Select one:

a. Existing from the tube port

b. Interacting with matter and changing direction

c. That is produced within the tube and becomes part of the leakage radiation

d. That the tecnologist is exposed to

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The correct answer is: Existing from the tube port

Question 40

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The ALARA concept follows which dose-response relationship?

Select one:

a. Nonlinear-nontreshold

b. Linear-nontreshold

c. Nonlinear-treshold

d. Linear-treshold

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The correct answer is: Linear-nontreshold

Question 41

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Characteristic radiation is produced at higher energies because:

Select one:

a. The filament has more atoms to interact with in order to produce the electron cloud.

b. The Material used to construct the anode has a high atomic number.

c. Characteristic radiation is always of a longer frquency

d. All bremsstrahlung is produced first, then the characteristics radiation is produced.

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The correct answer is: All bremsstrahlung is produced first, then the characteristics radiation is
produced.

Question 42

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The minimum source-to-skin distance for an image intensification system such as a C-arm is:

Select one:

a. 15 inches

b. 12 cm

c. 15 cm

d. 12 inches

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The correct answer is: 12 inches

Question 43

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Which person is responsible for evaluating dosage records for employees?

Select one:

a. FDA

b. NCRP

c. UNCEAR

d. RSO

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The correct answer is: RSO

Question 44
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An embryonic or fetal effect occurs only with an exposure doasge delivered to:

Select one:

a. any member of the nuclear family

b. a pregnant women

c. an infant, several hours after delivery

d. The mother or father of the fetus just prior to conception

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The correct answer is: a pregnant women

Question 45

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Compton interactions will begin to occur at about 100 keV and will continue to occur up to what energy
level?

Select one:

a. 1.02 Mev

b. 10 keV

c. 102 MeV

d. 1.02 keV

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The correct answer is: 1.02 Mev

Question 46

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Which of the following factors are used to determine the exposure dose for an individual when the
individuals entire body is not exposed?

Select one:

a. QF (quality factor)

b. Wt (weight factor)

c. LET (linear energy transfer

d. RBE (relative bioligical effectiveness

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The correct answer is: Wt (weight factor)

Question 47

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When an incoming photon carries an energy level of at least 1.02 MeV, the interaction that will occur
will most likely be:

Select one:

a. Photodisintegration

b. Compton

c. Coherent

d. Pair production

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The correct answer is: Pair production

Question 48

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A device to detect and quantify radiation is a:

Select one:

a. Modified Adrian-crooks cassette

b. Oscilloscope

c. electronic digital dosimeter

d. Spinning top

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The correct answer is: electronic digital dosimeter

Question 49

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Film badges are able to record various types of radiation because:

Select one:

a. They have different sensitivity settings on the plastic housing that can be adjusted to a variety of
radiation types.

b. They have different filters built into the plastic housing that holds the film.

c. Different film thickness are used depending upon the type of machines being used (e.g., diagnostic,
therapeutic, or mamographic).

d. Film badges record only one type of radiation, x-radiation.

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The correct answer is: They have different filters built into the plastic housing that holds the film.

Question 50

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The purpose of a cumulative timer is:

Select one:

a. To inform the technologist how long the exposure time is

b. None of the above

c. To stop the production of x-rays when the timer reaches its limit

d. To allow the doctor to cut the procedure short, even if the diagnosis is not confirmed

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The correct answer is: None of the above

Question 51

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To experience a central nervous systems syndrome due to radiation, the exposed individual would need
to recieve a dosage of

Select one:

a. 5000 - 8000 rad

b. 20 - 5000 rad

c. 2000 - 5000 rad

d. 200-500 rad

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The correct answer is: 2000 - 5000 rad

Question 52

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If there was no response to a specific quanity of radiation, it would be stated that the exposure fell
below the:
Select one:

a. graph numbers

b. quadratic formula

c. threshold

d. minimum response time

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The correct answer is: threshold

Question 53

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A basic method of technologist shielding to time. Which of the following best describes what is meant by
time?

Select one:

a. Minimizing teh length of time the technologist is in an area that may be exposed to radiation

b. Wotking only part-time as a radiographer

c. Doing the least amount of work possible

d. Doing only the projection that the technologist feels is importanct regardless of the order by the
physician

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The correct answer is: Minimizing teh length of time the technologist is in an area that may be exposed
to radiation

Question 54

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The ALARA principle applies to:

Select one:
a. patients only

b. All people who may be exposed to radiation

c. Technologist only

d. Service engineers

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The correct answer is: All people who may be exposed to radiation

Question 55

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Increasing the total filtration will have what effect on skin entrance dose?

Select one:

a. they will be reduced by half of the distance required

b. it will remain the same

c. it will decrease

d. it will increase

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The correct answer is: it will decrease

Question 56

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The total filtration for a high-frequency portable generator is:

Select one:

a. 2.5 mm Al/eq

b. 3.5 mm Al/eq

c. 2.0 mm Al/eq
d. 3.0 mm Al/eq

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The correct answer is: 2.5 mm Al/eq

Question 57

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This type of interaction is usually caused by a photon with an energy of 10 keV or lower:

Select one:

a. Coherent interaction

b. Photoelectric interaction

c. Pair production interaction

d. Compton interaction

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The correct answer is: Coherent interaction

Question 58

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Which of the following exposure factors will yield the lowest patient exposure dose?

Select one:

a. 100 kVp and 50 mAs

b. 75 kVp, 300 mA and 0.5 sec

c. 80 kVp, 1000 mA and 10 msec

d. 80 kVp, 10 mA and 1 sec

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The correct answer is: 80 kVp, 10 mA and 1 sec

Question 59

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On which side of the radiographic tube will most of the radiation travel?

Select one:

a. Toward the cathode

b. Toward the anode

c. Toward the top

d. Toward the focal track

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The correct answer is: Toward the cathode

Question 60

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The electron that is ejected during a Compton interaction is reffered to as a:

Select one:

a. Negatron electron

b. Compton electron

c. Photoelectron

d. Recoil electron

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The correct answer is: Recoil electron

Question 61

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What limits the leakage radiation from exiting from the tube housing?

Select one:

a. Lead and copper

b. Distance

c. lead and steel

d. Aluminum and lead

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The correct answer is: lead and steel

Question 62

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During which period of development is the fetus least sensitive?

Select one:

a. second trimester

b. third trimester

c. first trimester

d. none of the above

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The correct answer is: third trimester

Question 63

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All the following are basic properties of x-radiation except:

Select one:

a. X-rays are available in a variety of wavelengths.

b. X-rays travel at the speed of sound.

c. X-rays are highly penetrating invisible rays

d. X-rays have the ability to cause secondary and scatter radiation.

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The correct answer is: X-rays travel at the speed of sound.

Question 64

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The quantity of radiation required to increase a known disease by twofold in all live births is called

Select one:

a. genetic effect

b. none of the above

c. doubling dose

d. genetically significant dose

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The correct answer is: doubling dose

Question 65

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The unit of measurement for radiation exposure that is used to calibrate radiographic equipment is:

Select one:

a. roentgen

b. rem
c. rad

d. roentgen or rad

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The correct answer is: rad

Question 66

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A late somatic effect is one that manifest

Select one:

a. 30 -60 days after the exposure

b. in the evening, after the exposure

c. several months or years after the exposure

d. 3-5 days after the exposure

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The correct answer is: several months or years after the exposure

Question 67

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Which regulatory agency makes recommendations for radiation safety?

Select one:

a. ICRP (International Council on Radiation Protection)

b. all of the above

c. NAS BEIR (National Academy of Science, Advisory committee, Biological Effects of IOnizing Radiation)

d. NCRP ( National Council on Radiation Protection)

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The correct answer is: all of the above

Question 68

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A field survey instrument that determines ecposure rates based upon the quantity of ion pairs detected
by the unit is a:

Select one:

a. ionization chamber

b. Film badge

c. Geiger-Muller counter

d. Scintillation counter

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The correct answer is: ionization chamber

Question 69

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To comply with NCRP guidelines, leakage radiation must not exceed:

Select one:

a. 100 mr/hr at 1 foot

b. 100 mr/hr at 1 meter

c. 10 mr/hr at 1 meter

d. 10 rad/hr at 1 meter

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The correct answer is: 100 mr/hr at 1 meter

Question 70
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A wall in the radiographic room is considered to be a primary barrier. What thickness of lead is required
to provide adequate shielding?

Select one:

a. 1/4" lead equivalent

b. 1/8"lead equivalent

c. 1/16" lead equivalent

d. 1/32" lead equivalent

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The correct answer is: 1/16" lead equivalent

Question 71

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After a photoelectric interaction has occured, the resulting photon(s) may be reffered to as:

Select one:

a. Secondary radiation

b. Photoelectric radiation

c. Scatter radiation

d. Recoil radiation

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The correct answer is: Secondary radiation

Question 72

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What is the source of off-focus radiation?

Select one:

a. Anywhere outside of the radiographic tube

b. Anywhere on the surface of the anode's target

c. Anywhere within the radiograhic tube

d. Anywhere within the radiographic tube, except the anode's target

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The correct answer is: Anywhere within the radiographic tube, except the anode's target

Question 73

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Why are the effects of radiation diffcult to study?

Select one:

a. Large groups of populations needs to be studied for a specific period of time

b. radiation does not have specific oathology unique to itself

c. The effects of radiation are random in nature

d. all of the above

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The correct answer is: all of the above

Question 74

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For a photon to interact with the nucleus of an atom and cause the release of a nuclear fragment, the
incident photon mudt be at which energy level?

Select one:

a. 50 MeV

b. 10 MeV

c. 10 keV

d. 3000 keV

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The correct answer is: 10 MeV

Question 75

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Which dose response curve would best describe a response to radiation exposure in direct proportion to
that exposure?

Select one:

a. quadratic

b. curvilinear

c. linear

d. non linear

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The correct answer is: linear

Question 76

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The main purpose of the fluoro drape is to minimize the exposure from:
Select one:

a. The patient

b. The table

c. The tube

d. The radiologist and radiographer

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The correct answer is: The patient

Question 77

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The radiation syndrome that is responsible for a gross depletion of epithelial cells resulting in
widespread infection of the body's own flora is

Select one:

a. arnold - chiari syndrome

b. central nervous sytem syndrome

c. gastrointestinal syndrome

d. hematopoietic syndrome

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The correct answer is: gastrointestinal syndrome

Question 78

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Radiation is potentially dangerous because

Select one:

a. has the ability to cause only chemical changes

b. it is invisible

c. has the ability to cause chemical and biological changes

d. Has the ability to cause only biological changes

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The correct answer is: has the ability to cause chemical and biological changes

Question 79

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In reference to radiation sickness, which of the following characterizes the period of time that the
exposed individuals would be asymptomatic

Select one:

a. prodomal period

b. latent period

c. manifest period

d. hematopoietic formation

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The correct answer is: latent period

Question 80

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Which of the following statements is false?

Select one:

a. Family members are permitted to hold patients as long as they are not pregnant and use protective
apparel.

b. Patients are never held during radiographic procedures by a radiographer or student radiographer.
c. Technologists are permitted to hold patients as long as thyey wear protective devices.

d. Patients are not held if specially designed restraining devices are available from moving.

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The correct answer is: Technologists are permitted to hold patients as long as thyey wear protective
devices.

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