Available online at www.sciencedirect.

com
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com
ScienceDirect
AvailableScienceDirect
Available online
online at at www.sciencedirect.com
www.sciencedirect.com
Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2016) 000–000
www.elsevier.com/locate/procedia
ScienceDirect
Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2016) 000–000
ScienceDirect www.elsevier.com/locate/procedia

Procedia Structural
Structural IntegrityIntegrity
Procedia2 (2016) 1708–1715
00 (2016) 000–000
www.elsevier.com/locate/procedia

21st European Conference on Fracture, ECF21, 20-24 June 2016, Catania, Italy
21st European Conference on Fracture, ECF21, 20-24 June 2016, Catania, Italy
Effects of crack configuration and residual stress on fracture driving
Effects of crack
XV Portuguese configuration
Conference
force foronweldedFracture, PCF and2016,
joint residual
with stress 2016,
10-12 February
embedded onflawfracture driving
Paço de Arcos, Portugal
force for welded joint with embedded flaw
Yusuke Seko , Yasuhito Imaimodeling
Thermo-mechanical
a a
, Masaki Mitsuya of a higha
, Noritake pressure
Oguchiturbine
a blade
, Fumiyoshi Minamiof an
b
Yusuke Seko , Yasuhito Imaiairplane
a a
gas turbine
, Masaki Mitsuya a
, Noritake engineOguchi , Fumiyoshi Minamib
a
Tokyo Gas Co., Ltd, Fundamental technology research institute, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
a

TokyoOsaka University, Joining and welding research

researchinstitute,
institute,Osaka, 567-0047, JapanJapan
b
a
Gas Co., Ltd, Fundamental technology Yokohama, 230-0045,
a b c
b
P. Brandão , V. Infante , A.M. Deus *
Osaka University, Joining and welding research institute, Osaka, 567-0047, Japan

a
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa,
Abstract Portugal
b
IDMEC, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa,
Abstract
Portugal
IncCeFEMA,
this study, the effects of crack configuration and welding residual stress on the Weibull stress for high strength
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa,
steel plate
In this withthe
study, embedded
effects ofcrack
crackwere investigated
configuration andby conducting
welding
PortugalresidualFEM analysis.
stress on theFirstly,
Weibullhigh strength
stress for high wide steel
strength
plates (length:
steel plate with200 mm, width:
embedded crack200were
mm,investigated
thickness: 25 bymm) having an
conducting FEM embedded
analysis.crack which
Firstly, highhasstrength
height 6wide
or 9 steel
mm,
length 40 mm, 200
plates (length: depth mm, 2 ~width:
9.5 mm 200were
mm, created using25iso-parametric
thickness: mm) having an elements
embedded withcrack
eight which
nodes.has Theheight
welding6 orresidual
9 mm,
stress of K-groove
Abstract
length 40 mm, depthwelded 2 ~ 9.5joint
mm made by 780 MPa
were created usingclass steel was introduced
iso-parametric elements with aroundeightthe embedded
nodes. crack, and
The welding then
residual
these
stress models were welded
of K-groove tensioned along
joint made thebyvertical
780 MPa direction to the
class steel wascrack surface.
introduced Finally,
around the CTOD,
embedded overall
crack,strain, the
and then
During
Weibull
these their were
stress
models operation,
crackmodern
and tensioned opening aircraft
along the engine
stress (localcomponents
vertical stress nearto
direction are
the
thesubjected
crack
cracktip towhich
increasingly
surface. demanding
is parallel
Finally, to crack
CTOD, operating
surface)
overall conditions,
strain,were
the
especially
in the high pressure turbine (HPT) blades. Such conditions
obtained
Weibull all cases.
stress and crackCTOD was calculated
opening stress (localby tangential
stress near thecause
method. crackthese parts to undergo different types of time-dependent
tip which is parallel to crack surface) were
degradation, one of which is creep. A model using the finite element method (FEM) was developed, in order to be able to predict
The Weibull
obtained in all stress
cases.of embedded
CTOD crack without
was calculated welding method.
by tangential residual stress which has the same crack height and length
the creep behaviour of HPT blades. Flight data records (FDR) for a specific aircraft, provided by a commercial aviation
asThe
previously mentioned
stress of was
embedded foundcrackto have
withoutincreased
company, were used to obtain thermal and mechanical dataresidual
Weibull welding with
for decreasing
threestress crack
which
different depth
has
flight theatsame
cycles. theorder
In same
cracktoCTOD
height level,
and
create the this
length
3D model
means
as neededplastic
previously
for theconstraint
mentioned
FEM analysis,of
wasshallow
a HPTembedded
found toblade
havescrap crack
increased was
withhigher
was scanned, and than
decreasing one
crack
its chemical of depth
deep embedded
at theand
composition same crack.
CTOD
material The Weibull
level,
properties this
were
stress
means ofplastic
obtained.shallow datacrack
The constraint model
that was with was
of gathered
shallow crack feddepth
embedded 2 FEM
mmwas
crack
into the at the same
higher
model overone
than
and different all ofstrain
deepwas
simulations bigger
embedded
were than
crack.
run, first theThe
with aother cases3D
Weibull
simplified
caused
stress ofbyshallow
rectangular high
blockcrack
crack
shape, driving
model force
in order with and
crack
to better plastic
depthconstraint.
establish 2 mm
the model,at Based
the then
and sameonwith
the
over Weibull
the all 3Dstress
realstrain wascriterion,
mesh it can
bigger from
obtained than thebe
the found
other
blade thatThe
cases
scrap.
theoverall
brittle
caused fracture
byexpected
high crack limit
behaviour of embedded
driving forceofand
in terms crack decrease
plastic
displacement waswith
constraint. decreasing
Based
observed, in on crack
the
particular depth
Weibull
at in all strain
stress
the trailing ofregion.
criterion,
edge theitblade.
can be found that
Therefore such a
themodel
The can
Weibull
brittle be useful
stress
fracture in
limitofthe
of goal
embedded of predicting
embedded crack
crack turbine
with blade
welding
decrease life, givenstress
residual
with decreasinga set crack
ofatFDR data. inCTOD
thedepth
same level
all strain was higher than that
region.
with
The welding
Weibull residual
stress ofstress.
embeddedThis crack
tendency withwas sameresidual
welding as the relationship
stress at thebetween
same CTOD the Weibull
level was stress andthan
higher overthat
all
© 2016
strain
with The overall
before
welding Authors. Published
residualstrainstress. by Elsevier
reaches
This tendency B.V.wasAfter
yield strain. sameyield
as the strain, the Weibull
relationship between stresses were almost
the Weibull stresssame
and between
over all
Peer-review
embedded
strain before under
crack with
overall responsibility
and without
strain of the
reaches Scientific
welding
yield Committee
residual
strain. After of It
stress.
yield PCF
can2016.
strain, bethe
found that the
Weibull welding
stresses wereresidual
almost stress
same decrease
between
the
embedded crack with and without welding residual stress. It can bereaches
brittle fracture limit of embedded crack before overall strain found yield
that the strain basedresidual
welding on the stress
Weibull stress
decrease
Keywords: High Pressure Turbine Blade; Creep; Finite Element Method; 3D Model; Simulation.
criterion.
the brittle fracture limit of embedded crack before overall strain reaches yield strain based on the Weibull stress
criterion.
© 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.
Copyright © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license
Peer-review under responsibility
© 2016 The Authors. Published by of Elsevier
the Scientific
B.V. Committee of ECF21.
(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee
Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of ECF21.
of ECF21.
Keywords: Weibull stress, Brittle fracture, Plastic constraint, Welding residual stress, Embedded crack, Finite element analysis
Keywords: Weibull stress, Brittle fracture, Plastic constraint, Welding residual stress, Embedded crack, Finite element analysis

2452-3216 © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.

Peer-review underThe
* Corresponding
2452-3216 © 2016 responsibility
author. of218419991.
Tel.: +351
Authors. theby
Published Scientific Committee of ECF21.
Elsevier B.V.
E-mail address:
Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of ECF21.
amd@tecnico.ulisboa.pt

2452-3216 © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.

Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of PCF 2016.
Copyright © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license
(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
Peer review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of ECF21.
10.1016/j.prostr.2016.06.216
 Yusuke Seko et al. / Procedia Structural Integrity 2 (2016) 1708–1715 1709
2 Author name / Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2016) 000–000

1. Introduction

It is known that an excessively conservative safety assessment for brittle fracture assessment of steel components
is obtained by standards such as BS7910 (2013) and WES2805 (2011) due to difference of plastic constraint. To
overcome this problem, the Weibull stress has recently been used as a fracture-driving force against brittle fracture
assessment. It was demonstrated that the Weibull stress is material property independent of size and geometry. A
constraint-loss correction procedure that uses the Weibull-stress criterion was specified as ISO 27306 (2009). This
standard provides the equivalent critical crack tip opening displacement (CTOD) ratio, , for the brittle fracture
assessment of a structural component with a flaw based on the Weibull stress criterion. However, ISO 27306 is
applicable to assessment of flaws in the base metal.
The Weibull stress criterion has been applied to assessments of a welded joint. For example, Minami (1996,
1997) applied the Weibull stress criterion to brittle fracture assessment of an X80 steel weld with a surface notch.
Yamashita (2010) presented the effect of welding residual stress on brittle fracture of a welded joint with a through
notch based on the Weibull stress criterion. In addition, the authors (2015) presented brittle fracture limit of wide
plate welded joints with surface crack and embedded crack in heat-affected zone can be predicted by 3-point bend
tests based on Weibull stress criterion. However, this method requires the complex finite element analyses, so the
establishment of simple assessment method to correct the plastic constraint for welded joint with welding residual
stress is expected.
In this study, the effect of crack depth and welding residual stress on the brittle fracture limit of embedded flaw
based on Weibull stress criterion in order to establish the simple assessment method to predict the brittle fracture
limit of welded joint with welding residual stress.

2. Weibull stress criterion

The Weibull stress shown to be independent of size and geometry by Beremin (1983) and Mudry (1987) was used
for the assessment of the fracture driving force in this study. The Weibull stress, w, is defined by the following
equation (1):
1
1 m
(1)
w   V f  m
( eff ) dV f 
 V0 
where V0 is a reference volume defined for the Weibull stress, eff is an effective stress normally represented by
the maximum principal stress, m is a shape parameter, and Vf is the volume of the fracture process zone. In this
research, the shape parameter m = 20 was used, as specified in ISO 27306. The maximum principal stress of each
element was used as eff. The fracture process zone Vf was defined from the plastic region around crack. A unit
volume was taken for V0 because the selection of the reference volume does not affect the value of m.

3. The effect of crack depth on brittle fracture limit of embedded crack

Brittle fracture limit of the shallow embedded crack (crack location is near the surface in the thickness direction)
is smaller than that of the deep embedded crack (crack location is near the center of the thickness) in conventional
flaw assessment standards such as BS7910 and WES2805. However, plastic constraint of shallow embedded crack
would be lower than that of deep embedded crack because high stress region around the crack tip near the surface is
relieved. Therefore, the effect of crack depth on brittle fracture limit of embedded flaw was investigated based on the
Weibull stress criterion using finite element analysis.
1710 Yusuke Seko et al. / Procedia Structural Integrity 2 (2016) 1708–1715
Author name / Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2016) 000–000 3

3.1. Condition of finite element analysis

Center embedded crack panel model for finite element analysis were created as shown in Figure 1. Quarter model
of center embedded crack panel with 25 mm thickness, 200 mm width and 200 mm length was modeled because of
symmetry. Crack length, 2c, was set to 40 mm, Crack depths, h, were set to 2, 6, 9.5 mm in the case of crack height
2a = 6 mm, and 2, 6, 8 mm in the case of 2a = 9 mm. The minimum element size at the crack tip was 0.05 × 0.05 ×
0.2 mm for each model. Iso-parametric elements with eight nodes, C3D8, were employed. The material properties of
780 MPa class steel shown in Table 1 was applied to all region of this analytical model. The relationship between
true stress and true plastic strain was calculated using Swift type raw shown in the following equation (2):
 eq   y 1   P An
(2)
where eq is the equivalent stress, y is the yield stress, p is the equivalent plastic strain, n is the strain hardening
coefficient, and A is the material constant.
ABAQUS standard ver. 6.13.3 was used for FE-analysis. Analytical model was tensioned along vertical direction
to crack surface (X direction in the Figure 1), then, CTOD (), Weibull stress (w), and overall strain (∞) were
calculated. CTOD was calculated by tangential method.

Figure 1 Center embedded crack panel model

Table 1. Mechanical properties of 780MPa-class steel used in FEA.

Strain Material
Elastic limit 0.2% Yield Tensile Elongation Yield Ratio
hardening Constant
(MPa) Stress (MPa) Strength (MPa) (%) (%)
coefficient, n 
677 700 853 11.4 82 0.1176 0.0087

3.2. Analytical results

Figure 2 (a) shows the effect of crack depth on the relationship between overall strain and CTOD for crack height
6 mm. “TOP” and “BOT” indicate shallowest and deepest crack tip point of embedded crack in the legend of Figure,
respectively. In the case of shallow crack model with h = 2 mm, CTOD at TOP was bigger than that at BOT in all
strain level. On the other hand, there was no big difference between CTOD at TOP and BOT in the case of deep
 Yusuke Seko et al. / Procedia Structural Integrity 2 (2016) 1708–1715 1711
4 Author name / Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2016) 000–000

crack model with h = 6, 8 mm. In addition, CTOD at both TOP and BOT increased with decreasing crack depth at
the same overall strain level. This tendency was same as the case of crack height 9 mm as shown in Figure 2 (b).
Figure 3 (a) shows the effect of crack depth on relationship between Weibull stress and CTOD for crack height 6
mm. Weibull stress of shallow crack model with h = 2 mm was bigger than the other cases in all CTOD level. In the
cases of deep crack model with h = 6 and 8 mm, these were almost same in all CTOD level. Crack opening stress,
x, near the crack tip at CTOD = 0.05 mm was shown in Figure 4 (a) for crack height 6 mm. In the case of shallow
crack model with h = 2 mm, crack opening stress at TOP was smaller than the other cases, this means plastic
constraint of TOP of shallow crack model was locally lower than the other cases. However, crack opening stress at
BOT was bigger than the other cases. Therefore, the plastic constraint of embedded crack increased with decreasing
crack depth, h. This tendency was same as the case of crack height 9 mm as shown in Figure 3 (b) and 4 (b).
Figure 5(a) (b) shows the effect of crack depth on relationship between Weibull stress and overall strain. It can be
confirmed that Weibull stress of shallow crack model with h = 2 mm was bigger than the other cases over ∞ = 0.2 %
caused by high crack driving force and plastic constraint referred in Figure 2 and 3. Based on the Weibull stress
criterion, brittle fracture limit of embedded crack decrease with decreasing crack depth in all strain region.

0.4 0.4
(a) 2a=6mm, 2c=40mm (b) 2a=9mm, 2c=40mm
0.35 h=2mm (TOP)
0.35 h=2mm (TOP)
0.3 h=2mm (BOT) 0.3 h=2mm (BOT)
CTOD ,  (mm)

CTOD ,  (mm)
h=6mm (TOP) h=6mm (TOP)
0.25 h=6mm (BOT) 0.25 h=6mm (BOT)
h=9.5mm (TOP) h=8mm (TOP)
0.2 h=9.5mm (BOT) h=8mm (BOT)
0.2
( ) : Calculation ( ) : Calculation
0.15 point for CTOD 0.15 point for CTOD

0.1 0.1
0.05 0.05
0 0
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6
Overall strain, ∞ (%) Overall strain, ∞ (%)
Figure 2 Effect of crack depth on relationship between overall strain and CTOD

2000 2000
(a) 2a=6mm, 2c=40mm (b) 2a=9mm, 2c=40mm
m=20
m=20
Weibull stress, w (MPa)

1800
Weibull stress, w (MPa)

1800

1600 h=2mm (TOP) 1600 h=2mm (TOP)

h=2mm (BOT) h=2mm (BOT)
h=6mm (TOP) h=6mm (TOP)
1400 h=6mm (BOT) 1400 h=6mm (BOT)
h=9.5mm (TOP) h=8mm (TOP)
h=9.5mm (BOT) h=8mm (BOT)
1200 ( ) : Calculation 1200 ( ) : Calculation
point for CTOD point for CTOD

1000 1000
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4
CTOD ,  (mm) CTOD ,  (mm)

Figure 3 Effect of crack depth on relationship between Weibull stress and CTOD
1712 Yusuke Seko et al. / Procedia Structural Integrity 2 (2016) 1708–1715
Author name / Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2016) 000–000 5

2000 2000
1800 (a) 2a=6mm, 2c=40mm 1800 (b) 2a=9mm, 2c=40mm

Opening stress, x (MPa)

Opening stress, x (MPa)

1600 at CTOD = 0.05mm 1600 at CTOD = 0.05mm

1400 1400
1200 1200
1000 1000
h=2mm (TOP) h=2mm (TOP)
800 h=2mm (BOT) x 800 h=2mm (BOT) x
600 h=6mm (TOP) 600 h=6mm (TOP)
h=6mm (BOT) y h=6mm (BOT) y
400 h=9.5mm (TOP) Crack tip
400 h=8mm (TOP) Crack tip
h=9.5mm (BOT) h=8mm (BOT)
200 ( ) : Calculation point for opening stress 200 ( ) : Calculation point for opening stress
0 0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
Distance from crack tip, y (mm) Distance from crack tip, y (mm)
Figure 4 Crack opening stress distribution near crack tip at CTOD = 0.05 mm

2000 2000
(a) 2a=6mm, 2c=40mm (b) 2a=9mm, 2c=40mm
m=20 m=20
Weibull stress, w (MPa)

Weibull stress, w (MPa)

1800 1800

1600 1600

1400 h=2mm 1400 h=2mm

h=6mm h=6mm
h=9.5mm h=8mm
1200 1200

1000 1000
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6
Overall strain, ∞ (%) Overall strain, ∞ (%)
Figure 5 Effect of crack depth on relationship between Weibull stress and overall strain

4. The effect of welding residual stress on Weibull stress of embedded flaw

Welding residual stress has a large effect on the brittle fracture limit of a welded joint. Yamashita and author
presented the welding residual stress decrease the brittle fracture limit of a welded joint with a through notch and
surface notch based on the Weibull stress criterion. However, in the case of embedded crack, the Weibull stress of
embedded crack would not increase due to compressive welding residual stress around the center of thickness.
Therefore, the effect of welding residual stress on the Weibull stress of embedded crack was investigated by finite
element analysis.

4.1. Finite element analytical model

Half model of Center embedded crack panel with 25 mm thickness, 200 mm width and 200 mm length was
modeled because of symmetry. Crack length, 2c, was set to 40 mm, Crack depths, h, were set to 2, 9.5 mm in the
case of crack height 2a = 6 mm, and 2, 8 mm in the case of 2a = 9 mm. Other conditions regarding to modeling was
same as chapter 3.
ABAQUS standard ver. 6.13.3 was used for FE-analysis. The welding residual stress of K-groove welded joint
made by 780 MPa class steel was introduced to analytical model. Introduced welding residual stress distribution was
 Yusuke Seko et al. / Procedia Structural Integrity 2 (2016) 1708–1715 1713
6 Author name / Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2016) 000–000

good agreement with actual measured welding residual stress distribution as shown in Figure 6. Then, analytical
model was tensioned along vertical direction to crack surface. Output parameter was same as chapter 3.

4.2. Analytical result

Figure 7 (a) shows the effect of welding residual stress on relationship between CTOD and overall strain for crack
height 6 mm. In the case of shallow crack model with h = 2 mm, welding residual stress does not affect CTOD
because crack tip at TOP and BOT were located in low residual stress region. On the other hands, in the case of deep
crack model with h = 8 and 9.5 mm, welding residual stress increased CTOD at TOP and decreased CTOD at BOT
because crack tip at TOP was located in positive residual stress region and crack tip at BOT was in negative region.
This tendency was same as the case of crack height 9 mm as shown in Figure 7 (b).
Figure 8 (a) (b) shows the effect of welding residual stress on relationship between Weibull stress and CTOD.
Weibull stresses of shallow and deep crack model with residual stress was higher than the other cases without
residual stress before overall strain reaches yield strain (y = approx. 0.34 %). This means welding residual stress
would increase the plastic constraint of embedded flaw regardless of crack depth and crack height.
Figure 9 (a) (b) shows the effect of welding residual stress on relationship between Weibull stress and overall
strain. Weibull stresses of shallow and deep crack model with residual stress was higher than the other cases without
residual stress before overall strain reaches yield strain. After yielding, Weibull stresses were almost same between
with and without residual stress. This result was in agreement with the previous research results for high-strength
welded joint steels with residual stress by authors (2015). Based on above results, it was clarified that the welding
residual stress decrease the brittle fracture limit of embedded crack before overall strain reaches yield strain.
25
Thickness direction (mm)

20 Simulated, x=0
Simulated, x=8
15 Simulated, x=16
Experiment, x=0
Experiment, x=8
10 Experiment, x=16

0
-600 -400 -200 0 200 400 600
Transverse residual stress (MPa)
Figure 6 Introduced welding residual stress in FEM model

0.4 0.4
(a) 2a=6mm, 2c=40mm (b) 2a=9mm, 2c=40mm
0.35 h=2mm (TOP) 0.35 h=2mm (TOP)
h=2mm (BOT) h=2mm (BOT)
0.3 0.3 h=8mm (TOP)
CTOD ,  (mm)

CTOD ,  (mm)

h=9.5mm (TOP)
h=9.5mm (BOT) h=8mm (BOT)
0.25 h=2mm with RS (TOP) 0.25 h=2mm with RS (TOP)
h=2mm with RS (BOT) h=2mm with RS (BOT)
0.2 h=9.5mm with RS (TOP) 0.2 h=8mm with RS (TOP)
h=9.5mm with RS (BOT) h=8mm with RS (BOT)
0.15 ( ) : Calculation
0.15 ( ) : Calculation
point for CTOD point for CTOD
0.1 0.1 RS : Residual stress
0.05 0.05
0 0
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6
Overall strain, ∞ (%) Overall strain, ∞ (%)
Figure 7 Effect of welding residual stress on relationship between CTOD and overall strain
1714 Yusuke Seko et al. / Procedia Structural Integrity 2 (2016) 1708–1715
Author name / Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2016) 000–000 7

2000 2000
(a) 2a=6mm, 2c=40mm m = 20
m = 20

Weibull stress , w (MPa)

Weibull stress , w (MPa)

1800 1800
( ) : Calculation (b) 2a=9mm, 2c=40mm
1600 point for CTOD 1600
h=2mm (TOP) RS : Residual stress h=2mm (TOP) ( ) : Calculation
h=2mm (BOT) h=2mm (BOT) point for CTOD
1400 h=9.5mm (TOP) 1400 h=8mm (TOP) RS : Residual stress
h=9.5mm (BOT) h=8mm (BOT)
h=2mm with RS (TOP) h=2mm with RS (TOP)
1200 h=2mm with RS (BOT) 1200 h=2mm with RS (BOT)
h=9.5mm with RS (TOP) h=8mm with RS (TOP)
h=9.5mm with RS (BOT) h=8mm with RS (BOT)
1000 1000
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4
CTOD,  (mm) CTOD,  (mm)
Figure 8 Effect of welding residual stress on relationship between Weibull stress and CTOD

2000 2000
(a) 2a=6mm, 2c=40mm (b) 2a=9mm, 2c=40mm
m = 20 m = 20
Weibull stress , w (mm)

Weibull stress , w (mm)

1800 1800

1600 1600

1400 1400
h=2mm h=2mm
h=9.5mm h=8mm
h=2mm with RS h=2mm with RS
1200 h=9.5mm with RS 1200 h=8mm with RS
RS : Residual stress RS : Residual stress
1000 1000
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6
Overall strain, ∞ (%) Overall strain, ∞ (%)
Figure 9 Effect of welding residual stress on relationship between Weibull stress and overall strain

5. Conclusion

In this study, the effect of crack depth and residual stress on the brittle fracture limit of embedded flaw based on
the Weibull stress criterion using finite element analysis. The brittle fracture limit of embedded crack without
welding residual stress decrease with decreasing crack depth in all strain region. The welding residual stress decrease
the brittle fracture limit of embedded crack with welding residual stress before overall strain reaches yield strain.
After yielding, the Weibull stresses were almost same between with and without residual stress

References

BS7910:2013. Guide to methods for assessing the acceptability of flaws in metallic structures, British Standard Institution, 2013.
WES2805:2011. Method of Assessment for Flaws in Fusion Welded Joints with respect to Brittle Fracture and Fatigue Crack Growth, The Japan
Welding Engineering Society, 2011.
ISO27306:2009. Method of constraint loss correction of CTOD fracture toughness for fracture assessment of steel components, 2009.
F. Minami, 1996, Fracture toughness requirement for fracture performance evaluation of welded joints based on the local approach, Proceedings
of the International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering, pp. 193-202.
F. Minami, 1997, Prediction of specimen geometry effect on fracture resistance of HAZ-notched welds by local approach, Mis-Matching of
Interfaces and Welds, pp. 319-330.
 Yusuke Seko et al. / Procedia Structural Integrity 2 (2016) 1708–1715 1715
8 Author name / Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2016) 000–000

Y. Yamashita, 2010, Constraint loss correction for assessment of CTOD fracture toughness under welding residual stress. Part 1 : Methodology,
Engineering Fracture Mechanics.
Y. Seko, 2015, Application of Weibull Stress Criterion to Brittle Fracture Assessment of HAZ-Notched Welds with Residual Stress, Journal of
Pressure Vessel Technology, 138(2).
Y. Seko, 2015, Brittle fracture assessment of embedded flaw in heat affected zone based on Weibull stress criterion, 68th IIW annual assembly,
X-1816-15.
F. M. Beremin, 1983, A local criterion for cleavage fracture of a nuclear pressure vessel steel, Metallurgical Transactions A, 14A, pp.2277-2287.
F. Mudry, 1987, A local approach to cleavage fracture, Nuclear Engineering Design, 105, pp.65-76.