Hydro Mechanical Works- Gates and

Hoists

Dr.E.Venkata Rathnam
Associate Professor in Civil Engineering
National Institute of Technology Warangal
Contents
 Classification of Gates
 Hoist Equipment
 Rubber Seals
 Erection of Gates
 Testing of Gates after Erection
 Maintenance of Gates
Gates - Hydraulic control equipment
 Gates main purpose is to control/ regulate the flow of water.
 Where the water pressures are low gates are used to control
flow of water.
 Where it is desired to regulate the flow of water at very high
pressures, valves are generally used.
 The main difference is water will be on one side only for the
gate where as valve be in contact water on both sides.
Classification of Gates
 Water Head
 Location/Purpose
 Shape (stop log, vertical
lift, radial, Flap, Fish Belly
Sector/ drum, tilting)
 Method of Movement
(sliding gates, fixed wheel
gates, stoney or roller
gates, caterpillar gates)
 Materials (wooden, steel,
R.C.C)
 Low head(<15m), medium
head (15-30m), high head
(>30m)
 Barrage gates, Spillway
gates, Draft tube gates,
intake gates, Penstock
gates, sluice gates, outlet
gates, bulk head gates,
emergency gates
 AGRO-CLIMATIC ZONES – AGRICULTURE
DEPARTMENT

1158

SRIKAKULAM
1036 969 1162
VIJAYANAGARAM
1131

VISHAKAPATNAM
874 993 1202

779 1125 EAST GODAVARI

781 1219
WEST GODAVARI
751 KRISHNA 1153

MAHABUBNAGAR 1033
GUNTUR
604 852

KURNOOL PRAKASAM
871
670
Telangana & AP
Normal Annual Rainfall: 940 mm
ANANTAPUR KADAPA (YSR) NELLORE Southwest Monsoon: 624 mm
553 699 1080 (June to September)
Northeast Monsoon: 224 mm
(October to December)
CHITTOOR Winter Season: 14 mm
936 (January to February)
Hot Weather: 78 mm
(March to May)
6
Srisailam Dam, 145 m high, 512 m long on river Krishna in Andhra Pradesh, India has
an installed capacity of 1670 MW (7 x 110 MW Francis type on right bank and 6 x
150 MW reversible Francis type on left bank) 7
8
Srisailam dam
 SRISAILAM LEFT BANK 6 X 150 MW

9
 Nagarjuna Sagar Masonry Dam,
124 m high, 1450 m long, built across Krishna River in Andhra
10
Pradesh with an installed capacity: 816 MW.
11 UPSTREAM VIEW OF NAGARJUNASAGAR DAM
DOWNSTREAM VIEW OF NAGARJUNASAGAR DAM
DURING SUMMER 12
NAGARJUNASAGAR DAM UNDER CONSTRUCTION
13
Nagarjunasagar Dam 14
Essential features of gate
 The closing members of the gate ( the gate should be strong
enough to withstand the hydraulic pressure and it should be
water tight. It consists of skin plate and other structural
members)
 Grove ( The groove in which the gates moves should be
supported by members strong enough to withstand the water
pressure transmitted by the gate. These are called embedded
metal plates)
 Hoisting arrangement ( the hoisting arrangement should be
capable of lifting the gate leaf up and down in order to close
or open the water passage).
Radial Gates- I.S.4023-(1984)
 Cheapest type of gates- mechanical simplicity.
 The basic idea of the design is to put the main struts
supporting the gate frame into compression. The hydrostatic
forces acting on the gate skin plate has a radial resultant
which passes through the gate trunion or pivot. These gates
are self closing by weight.
Hoisting Equipment
 The hoist which are meant for lifting the gates irrespective of
the type of the gate.
 Types- Positive driven and Loose driven.
 In the positive driven hoists, the screw rod and the link
connected to the gates should withstand both compression
and tension during closing and opening.
 In the Loose driven type-hoist connecting link can not
transmit or withstand compression. Therefore the gate
weight should be more than the friction and buoyancy effect.
Hoist Equipment
 Positive driven type hoist-
Screw rod hoist, hydraulic
hoist, Rock& Pinion type
hoist.
 Loose driven type hoist-
Rope hoist, chain hoist
 The capacity of the hoist
depends on the weight of
the gate leaf, weight of the
moving parts, wheel and
track friction, seal friction,
hydraulic down pull etc.
Hoist Bridge
 Erection of the hoist bridge follows immediately after the
completion of the radial gate steel work. Reference for the
placement of the hoist bridge on the piers is again taken from
the trunion centre line.
 Incase of vertical lift gates the reference is the axis of the
drum and also the hoist bridge should be installed properly
with reference to the centre of gravity of the gate or
according to E.M. parts already fixed.
Manual operation
 The manual operation should invariably be provided for
emergency operation in the event of electric power failure.
 Electric inter-locks shall be provided to prevent operation
by electric power when the manual drive is engaged.
Erection of Gates
 Erection of radial gate or a vertical lift gate, dry sill is an
essentiality.
 An erectors job is basically divided into 3 parts-(i) those
parts which are to be embedded (ii) the gate (iii) lifting
mechanism.
 Though the electro-mechanical (E.M) parts may look
insignificant either in size/ weight or in money value in
relation to the more visible portion of the gate, the real
success in the gates performance will depend on the accuracy
with which E.M parts are erected.
Rubber Seals
 Rubber seals are the last items to be fitted to the skin plate
before painting the steel work is taken up.
 Normally the rubber seals are considered to be the most
effective way to make the gates watertight. Sometimes metal
cladded seals are also used (i) to reduce frictional load (ii) to
prevent the seal from extruding or being jammed into the
clearance space available between the calmp bar and the seal
plate due to the venturi action of the water when the gate is
being closed under unbalanced head.
Testing of the gates after erection
 The gate should be tested preferably in dry condition with
hoist duly connected for its smooth working.
 The gate should move up and down and it should be ensured
that there is no obstruction and no undue effort required for
its operation. If the gate is not going down on its own weight
or found tight in some position reasons should be
investigated and remedied instead of forcing the gate down.
 PRAKASAM BARRAGE – ROAD BRIDGE

28
 PRAKASAM BARRAGE
DOWNSTREAM VIEW FROM RIGHT BANK

29
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31
• Major Irrigation Projects :- Ayacut above
10,000 ha.
• Medium Irrigation Projects:- Ayacut above
2000 ha and up to 10,000 ha.
• Minor Irrigation Projects:- Ayacut up to
2000 ha
• In addition, the Irrigation & Command Area
Development Department is also in charge
of command area development works,
Flood Control and Drainage works in the
34
State.
Maintenance of Gates
 The maintenance of gates and hoists of a dam, canal
regulators is equally important when compared with the
quality of manufacture and erection.
 Poor maintenance of the gates and hoist of a flood control
structure may lead to a local or even a national disaster.
 Negligence of the maintenance staff for the proper upkeep of
the various parts of the gates and hoist will give raise to
several difficulties and even sometimes make the gates in-
operative during heavy flood and thereby causing danger to
the entire structure.
Maintenance
 Sometimes the enaction of the maintenance crew to open the
gates for the passage of flood as per the operational manual
will also cause several problems.
 In view of this, the maintenance aspect has also assumed
greater importance.
 The maintenance gang and operating stall must be
completely familiar with every part of the hydraulic
equipment and should examine and operate all items of the
equipment at regular intervals.
Maintenance
 Of course operation of the gates at certain intervals may
cause interruption to the regular activities like generation of
power, water regulation to the canals etc.,
 and this inconvenience must be faced in the interest of the
safety and fixed period maintenance should be arranged in
each season for the testing of all the parts of the equipment.
Periodical Check-up
 Periodical maintenance has to be arranged for the different
parts of the gates and hoists depending upon their wear and
tear and accessibility,
 Generally period of maintenance is recommend for every
three months, six months and one year for the different
parts.
 A chart has to be prepared for strict adherence.
Periodical Check-up
 After every 25 operations or 3 months whichever occurs
first.
 Check up and ensure that all electrical connections are tight
and in order.
 Check up the wire rope for any cut strands, corrosion,
abrasion etc., throughout the length of wire rope.
 Spares to be Maintained: complete set of rubber seals for
one gate, bolts and nuts required for fixing one set, HR Fuse
units (fuse wire-5A,10A,15A each 3 Pcs.) and, Motor
40