Bridgestone

Off-The-Road Tire
Technical Seminar & Training
--- Basic of Tire ---

BRIDGESTONE CORPORATION
Off-The-Road Tire
Jakarta Representative Office
WismaNusantara12F, Jl.M.H.Thamrin59
Jakarta 10350, Indonesia
Telephone :62-21-3190-8077
BSJKT OTR SEMINAR BASIC Facsimile :62-21-3983-5881 1
 Uses and Characteristics of Off -The-Road Tires
Main tire characteristics
Type/Service Function Vehicles Required

Dump trucks
Heat-resistance,
Cut-resistance,
Earthmover Transporting Wear-resistance,
Articulated dump trucks
Shock burst-
Coal haulers resistance

Scrapers
Traction,
Grading, Maneuverability,
Grader
Leveling (directional stability)
Graders

Loader and Loading and Cut-resistance,

dozer dozing Shovels, Loaders, Wear-resistance
Bulldozers

BSJKT OTR SEMINAR BASIC 2

 FUNGSI DAN STRUKTUR
BAN
(FUNCTION AND STRUCTURE OF TIRE)

BSJKT OTR SEMINAR BASIC 3

 Empat Fungsi Penting dari Suatu Ban
(Four Important Functions of a Tire)
Menahan Beban Menyerap Guncangan
(Supporting Load) (Absorbing Road Shocks)

Meneruskan fungsi pengereman Mengendalikan arah gerak

Dan traksi ke permukaan jalan (Changing and Maintaining
(Transferring Traction & Direction of Travel)
Braking Forces to the Road
Surface)

BSJKT OTR SEMINAR BASIC 4

 Material
Natural
Natural Rubber
Rubber
SBR
SBR
RUBBER
RUBBER Sintetic Rubber BR
BR
IR
IR
Others
Others
Regenerated
Regenerated Rubber
Rubber
Fibra Natural Algodón
Algodón
Component Rayón
Rayón
Material of TYRE
TYRE Orgánic Nylon
Nylon
Fibra
CORD
CORD
TYRES Sintetic Poliester
Poliester
Aramida
Aramida
Acero
Acero
Inorgánic Fibra
Fibra de
de Vidrio
Vidrio
Reinforce Agent Carbon
Carbon
Chemicals
Chemicals
Vulcanizing Agent Azufre
Azufre
Other
Other Chemicals
Chemicals

BSJKT OTR SEMINAR BASIC 5

BSJKT OTR SEMINAR BASIC 6
 Komponen Dasar Ban
(Basic Components of a Tire)
Suatu ban secara umum tersusun dalam 4 komponen
(A tire can be broadly classified into four component groups):

Struktur
StrukturBan
Ban
(Tire
(TireStructure)
Structure)

Casing Belts
Tread Bead
Carcass Breakers

BSJKT OTR SEMINAR BASIC 7

 Konstruksi
(Construction):
RADIAL BIAS / NYLON
Tread

Belt Breaker

Bead Wire

Carcass
Casing
Inner Liner

BSJKT OTR SEMINAR BASIC 8

 TIRE CONSTRUCTION FOR BRIDGESTONE
RADIAL OFF-THE-ROAD TIRE

BSJKT OTR SEMINAR BASIC 9

 Tire construction (Function of belt package)
Kontruksi Ban (Fungsi dari belt)

Outer 2 layers / Bagian Dalam 2 Lapis

Function / Fungsi
Protection for cut/Pelindungan dari cut
Features/Karateristik
High elongation/Perparjangan tinggi
Rubber penetrated/Penetrasi Karet

Inner 4 layers/Bagian Luar 4 Lapis

Function/Fungsi
Control tire growth/Menguntro
pertumbungan ban
Dynamic performance/Day guna dinamis
Deep cut protection/Proteksi terhadap cut
yang dalam
Features/Karakteristik
Rigid/Kaku
High tensile strength/Kuat tarik yang
tinggi

BSJKT OTR SEMINAR BASIC 10

 TIRE CONSTRUCTION FOR BRIDGESTONE
BIAS OFF-THE-ROAD TIRE

BSJKT OTR SEMINAR BASIC 11

 Cap compound
Side tread (RUBBER)
(RUBBER)
Base compound
(RUBBER)

Rubber Chafer
(RUBBER)
Stiffner
(RUBBER)

BSJKT OTR SEMINAR BASIC 12

 Keuntungan Ban Radial Terhadap Ban Bias

Radial Bias

Umur Ban
Lebih Tahan Thd Panas (Heat Resistance)
Lebih Tahan Thd Tusukan Pada Tread (Tread Cut Resistance)
Lebih Tahan Thd Tusukan Pada Sidewall (Side Cut Resistance)
Daya Cengkram (Traction)
Gaya Menapak (Flotation)
Stabilitas
Hemat Konsumsi Bahan Bakar
Kemudahan di-Repair
Variasi Ukuran

Ban Radial memberikan performans lebih baik dibanding

ban ply bias untuk berbagai aplikasi.
BSJKT OTR SEMINAR BASIC 13
 TIRE NOMENCLATURE
(NOMENKLATUR BAN)

BSJKT OTR SEMINAR BASIC 14

 The sidewall nomenclature of an off road tire
provides a wealth of information about a specific
tire:
(Tatanama pada sidewall ban off road memberikan banyak informasi
mengenai spesifikasi suatu ban)
For Example
(Sebagai Contoh):
27.00R49 ** VRLS E2A E4 or 23.5-25 16PR VL2 DE2 E3 tell us:
A. Tire Size (ukuran ban) D. Pattern Type
- Physical Dimensions - Pattern Classification
(Dimensi Fisik) - Manufacturers Description
B. Construction E. Applications (Aplikasi)
- Radial Ply - Compounds
- Bias Ply - Heat Resistance (Tahan Panas)
C. Strength (Kekuatan) - Cut Resistance (Tahan Potong)
- Load Carrying Capacity
(Daya Angkut Beban)
- Inflation Pressure Limits
BSJKT OTR SEMINAR BASIC
(Batas Tekanan Angin) 15
 -Physical Dimensions (Dimensi Fisik)
Overall Width (OW)
Section Width (SW)
Tread Width

Section
Height
(SH)
Free Radius
Rim Flange Height

Rim Width
Overall Nominal Rim
Diameter
Diameter
Dual
Spacing

Static Loaded
Radius (SLR)

Static Loaded
Width (SLW)
BSJKT OTR SEMINAR BASIC 16
 Tire Size:
(Ukuran Ban) Definitions

A. Overall Diameter (OD)/Diameter Keseluruhan:

"Overall Diameter" adalah dua kali section height ban baru, termasuk
pertumbuhan setelah 24 jam diberi angin.
B. Section Width (SW)/ Lebar:
"Section Width" adalah lebar ban baru, termasuk pertumbuhan setelah
24 jam diberi angin dan termasuk normal sidewall, tetapi tidak ter-
masuk rib pelindung samping, penghalang dan dekorasi.
C. Overall Width (OW)/ Lebar Keseluruhan:
"Overall Width" adalah lebar ban baru termasuk pertumbuhan setelah
24 jam diberi angin, dan termasuk pula rib pelindung samping, peng-
halang dan dekorasi.
D. Static Loaded Radius and Width (SLR and SLW):
" Static Loaded Radius" adalah jarak terdekat dari sumbu roda ke
bagian kontak ban dengan permukaan jalan. ”Static Loaded Width”
adalah lebar keseluruhan ban yang terpasang pada rim yang sesuai,
terletak vertikal, terbebani pada kisaran beban yang direkomendasikan.
BSJKT OTR SEMINAR BASIC 17
 Tire Size:
(Ukuran Ban)
27.00R49 ** VRLS E2A E4
Conventional Tire Size Designation
Radial Construction (".00" = 95 -100 Aspect Ratio)
(OLD TRA STD) 27.00 = Section Width in Inches
R = Radial Ply Construction
49 = Rim Diameter in Inches

Wide Base 23.5-25 16PR VL2 DE2 E3

Tire Size Designation
Bias Ply Construction (".5" = 80 Aspect Ratio)
(OLD TRA STD) 23.5 = Section Width in Inches
“ - ” = Bias Ply Construction
25 = Rim Diameter in Inches
45/65R45 * VSDL D2A L5
Ultra Wide Base
Tire Size Designation
Radial Ply Construction 45 = Section Width in Inches
(Current TRA STD) 65 = Aspect Ratio (SH = 0.65 X SW)
R = Radial Ply Construction
45 = Rim Diameter in Inches

BSJKT OTR SEMINAR BASIC 18

 Strength:
(Kekuatan)
27.00R49 ** VRLS E2A E4
Conventional
Radial Construction Star Rating (Ply Rating Equivalent)
(OLD TRA STD) Higher Star Rating indicates higher
load capacity (*<**<***)
(Makin tinggi Star Rating menunjukkan makin tingginya load capacity)

Wide Base 23.5-25 16PR VL2 DE2 E3

Bias Ply Construction
(OLD TRA STD)
Numeric Ply Rating

45/65R45 * VSDL D2A L5

Ultra Wide Base
Radial Ply Construction
Star Rating (Ply Rating Equivalent)
(Current TRA STD) Higher Star Rating indicates higher
load capacity (*<**<***)

BSJKT OTR SEMINAR BASIC 19

 Tire Size:
(Ukuran Ban)

New TRA Sizing Method:

(Metoda Baru TRA dalam menyatakan ukuran)

New TRA method describes all newly

designed tires by their aspect ratio:

46/90R57 ** VELS E1A E4

Tire Size Designation (90 Aspect Ratio)

46 = Section Width in Inches
90 = Aspect Ratio SH/SW
R = Radial Ply Construction
57 = Rim Diameter in Inches

BSJKT OTR SEMINAR BASIC 20

 Pattern Type:

27.00R49 ** VRLS E2A E4

Conventional TRA Classification
Radial Construction (E4 = Earthmover Rock Deep)
(OLD TRA STD) Tread Pattern
VRLS = V-Steel R-Lug S

Wide Base 23.5-25 16PR VL2 DE2 E3

Bias Ply Construction TRA Classification
(OLD TRA STD) (E3 = Earthmover Rock )
Tread Pattern
VL2 = V-LUG 2
45/65R45 * VSDL D2A L5
Ultra Wide Base TRA Classification
Radial Ply Construction (L5 = Loader Rock Extra Deep)
(Current TRA STD) Tread Pattern
VSDL = V-Steel D-Lug

BSJKT OTR SEMINAR BASIC 21

 Tread Pattern & TRA Classification

BSJKT OTR SEMINAR BASIC 22

 E4

E4

BSJKT OTR SEMINAR BASIC 23

 TRA Classifications (Tread Class)

100% 150% 250%

Regular Tread Deep Tread Extra Deep Tread

E2/L2/G2 E4/L4/G4 G5/L5
E3/L3/G3

BSJKT OTR SEMINAR BASIC 24

 Applications (Compounding):

27.00R49 ** VRLS E2A E4

Conventional
Radial Construction
Compound Designation (Optional)
(OLD TRA STD)
E2A = Earthmover Cut Resistant

Wide Base 23.5-25 16PR VL2 DE2 E3

Bias Ply Construction
(OLD TRA STD) Compound Designation (Optional)
DE2 = Earthmover Cut Resistant
Loader/Dozer Cut Resistant
45/65R45 * VSDL D2A L5
Ultra Wide Base
Radial Ply Construction
(Current TRA STD) Compound Designation (Optional)
D2A = Loader/Dozer Cut Resistant

BSJKT OTR SEMINAR BASIC 25

 Tire Structures Classified by Type of Service
and Bridgestone’s Designations

S e r v ic e B S C ode No. St ruc t ure

1A Standard
Earthmover Service 2A Cut-resistant
3A Heat-resistant
1A Standard
G rader Service
2A Cut-resistant
2A Cut-resistant
Loader & Dozer Service 2V* Special cut-resistant (T ype "V")
2Z* Special cut-resistant (T ype "Z")
Logging Service 2V **Standard

* Bias Tire Only

A: Standard
2 A V: Cut-resistant type “V”
Structure:
(Steel Breaker)
Z: Cut-resistant type “Z”
(Side Steel Breaker)
1: Standard
Characteristics: 2: Cut-resistant
3: Heat-resistant

BSJKT OTR SEMINAR BASIC 26

 Tire Structures Classified by Service and
Designated by Bridgestone

For For For

Earthmover service Loader and Dozer service Grader service

E2A D2A G2A

BSJKT OTR SEMINAR BASIC 27

 Applications (Compounding):

- Cut Resistant

- Standard
Heat Resistance (Index)

130 - Heat Resistant

100

80

80? 90 100 120?

Cut Resistance (Index)

BSJKT OTR SEMINAR BASIC 28

 Tread Rubber .
.
Steel Breaker .
Textile .
Carcass Plies

Type V Type Z

Steel breaker Side steel breaker

construction construction
Steel Brekaer Tire (Loader Tire Only)

BSJKT OTR SEMINAR BASIC 29