CATEGORIES OF AC SYSTEM

UNITARY AC
WINDOW AC – SPLIT AC

SEMI-CENTRAL AC
DUCTED SPLIT – PACKAGED AC

CENTRAL AC
CHILLER PLANT – VRF SYSTEM
UNITARY AIRCONDITIONERS
WINDOW AIRCONDITIONER
WINDOW AIRCONDITIONER
WINDOW AIRCONDITIONER
WINDOW AC – SPLIT AC

WINDOW AC

SPLIT AC
HIWALL SPLIT AIRCONDITIONER
HIWALL SPLIT AIRCONDITIONER
HIWALL SPLIT AIRCONDITIONER
LOCATING THE INDOOR UNIT
LOCATING THE INDOOR UNIT
LOCATING THE INDOOR UNIT
INVERTER SPLITS
INVERTER SPLITS
ALL WEATHER AIRCONDITIONER
Heat Pump (Air to Air)
• Operate on simple
refrigeration cycle
• Reversing the cycle
provides heating
• Temperature
limitations
• Air to air
• Water source
• Geothermal
• Lake coupled
REMOTE CONTROL – SLEEP MODE
VERTICAL SPLIT AIRCONDITIONER
VERTICAL SPLIT AIRCONDITIONER
CONCEALED SPLIT AIRCONDITIONER
CONCEALED SPLIT AIRCONDITIONER
CASSETTE SPLIT AIRCONDITIONER
CASSETTE SPLIT AIRCONDITIONER
CASSETTE SPLIT AIRCONDITIONER
CASSETTE SPLIT AIRCONDITIONER
CASSETTE SPLIT AIRCONDITIONER
CASSETTE SPLIT AIRCONDITIONER
CASSETTE SPLIT AIRCONDITIONER
CASSETTE SPLIT AIRCONDITIONER
CASSETTE SPLIT AIRCONDITIONER
PROVISION FOR FRESH AIR
INTAKE . HENCE IAQ CAN BE
MAINTAINED

NO NEED FOR GRAVITY

SLOPE FOR DRAIN. COMES
WITH A DRAIN PUMP
DIFFERENT TYPES OF IDU
DIFFERENT TYPES OF IDU
WHERE IS THE AC ?
ART COOL INDOOR UNIT
ART COOL INDOOR UNIT
ART COOL INDOOR UNIT
MULTIPLE ODU LOCATION
MULTIPLE ODU LOCATION
UNITARY UNITS - SUMMARY

When to use :

▪If room size does not exceed 400 sq.ft.

▪If used only for light work like residences , small
office rooms etc.

When not to use :

▪If requirement is heavy duty

▪Don’t use multiple units for areas above 500 sq.ft.
▪When standards need to be followed
SEMI-CENTRAL AIRCONDITIONERS
DUCTED AIR-CONDITIONER
FLOOR MOUNTED PACKAGED AC

CEILING SUSPENDED DUCTABLE AC

CEILING SUSPENDED DUCTABLE SPLITS
DUCTABLE SPLITS-TYPICAL LAYOUT
CONDENSER COOLING
AIR-COOLED – WATER COOLED CONDENSER
▪Condenser heat directly rejected to
atmosphere
▪Used where water is in shortage ( esp
Tamilnadu )
▪Easy to install and maintain
▪Better part load performance

▪Condenser heat directly rejected to water

▪Water rejects heat thro cooling tower
▪Used where good quality water is plently ( not
in Tamilnadu )
▪Difficult to install and maintain
▪Part load performance not good
▪2 % wastage – makeup water 1 tanker load per
day for every 10000 sq.ft
AIR-COOLED CONDENSER
WATER COOLED CONDENSER

SHELL AND TUBE

CONDENSER

COOLING TOWER
AIR COOLED PACKAGED AC - LAYOUT
PACKAGED AC
AIR-COOLED PACKAGED AIRCONDITIONER
AIR-COOLED PACKAGED AIRCONDITIONER
WATER-COOLED PACKAGED A.C.
SEMI CENTRAL UNITS - SUMMARY

When to use :

▪If requirement does not exceed 4000 sq.ft.

▪If used only for light commercial applications like
offices, showrooms etc.
▪Single zone areas.
▪Fresh air can be handled.

When not to use :

▪If requirement is high sensible or high latent load.

▪Multizone areas.
SEMI CENTRAL UNITS - SUMMARY

Floor Mounted Packaged units :

Advantages :
▪Easily accessible - Service Friendly – Does not spoil
interiors.
▪Longer ducts are possible ( 100 feet ) due to fairly
heavy duty blower.
▪Multiple units can be combined.

Disadvantages :
▪Compressor noise might enter the AC area.
▪Costly real estate is used.
SEMI CENTRAL UNITS - SUMMARY

Ductable Split AC units :

Advantages :
▪No floor space required Easily accessible - Service
Friendly – Does not spoil interiors.

Disadvantages :
▪Multiple units spread out in the AC area to be
used. Hence all units to run.
▪Service accessibility is a major problem.
▪Drain water removal from indoor unit is a problem.
▪Trap door require for service. Might not gel with the
aesthetics.
PACKAGED AC – ODU LOCATION
CENTRAL AIRCONDITIONING SYSTEMS
DX – DIRECT EXPANSION SYSTEM
SEMI CENTRAL DX SYSTEM

CENTRAL DX SYSTEM
DX CENTRAL UNITS - SUMMARY

When to use :

▪If requirement exceeds 4000 sq.ft.

▪For heavy duty offices, showrooms, industries etc.
▪Single zone areas.

When not to use :

▪Multizone areas.
▪When copper pipe length is more than 50 feet.
CHILLER SYSTEM
▪Chiller plant chills
water
▪Water is pumped
wherever required

▪Chilled water then

cools air thro air
handling unit
▪AHU distributes
cold air thro
ducting system
WATER COOLED SCREW CHILLER SYSTEM
WATER COOLED SCREW CHILLER SYSTEM
AIR-COOLED CHILLER
AIR-COOLED CHILLER
CHILLED WATER COIL UNITS
CHILLER SYSTEM - SUMMARY

When to use :
▪If requirement does exceeds 20000 sq.ft.
▪If used for heavy duty commercial and industrial
applications like IT Parks, Star Hotels, Hospitals, Major
offices, Major showrooms, Industries, non-standard
application etc.
▪ Multizone Zone areas.
▪If plant has to be located far way from usage

When not to use :

▪If requirement is highly variable and may go down
to less than 40 %.
VARIABLE REFRIGERANT FLOW - VRF
VARIABLE REFRIGERANT FLOW - VRF
VARIABLE REFRIGERANT FLOW - VRF
VARIABLE REFRIGERANT FLOW - VRF
VRF SYSTEM - SUMMARY

When to use :
▪If requirement is highly variable and as low as 10 %.
▪ Only meant for light duty commercial and
residential use.
▪ Multi Zone small areas.

When not to use :

▪If requirement is almost constant and does not
vary below 60 %.
▪Never attempt heavy duty and non-standard
applications.
AIR DISTRIBUTION DUCTING SYSTEM
AIR DISTRIBUTION DUCTING SYSTEM
AIR DISTRIBUTION DUCTING SYSTEM
 What is a Duct
A Duct can be described as a device used to provide an isolation path to carry an item

from one place to other place without bringing the product in contact with the

atmosphere before the delivery point.

 Air Distribution System Components
TRANSITION
FITTING

SUPPLY GRILL

SUPPLY FAN RETURN

AIR DUCT RETURN
COIL AIR GRILL

FRESH
AIR DUCT
FILTER

The major purpose of a duct is to carry the air from one point to the other without bringing

it in contact with the outside atmosphere. This can be either Supply Air or Return Air
 Aspect Ratio

Height

Aspect Ratio = Long Side / Short Side

= Width of the duct / Height of the duct

Best Aspect Ratio is 1 : 1

Maximum permissible aspect ratio is 4 : 1

 Effect of Aspect Ratio
In rectangular ducts the best aspect ratio is 1:1 i.e. 1, as the aspect ratio increases
the friction per running feet of the duct increases due to increase in surface area

Aspect Ratio 1 : 1 Aspect Ratio 4 : 1

2 Feet
1 Feet 4 Feet
1 Feet

16 Feet 20 Feet

1F 1F

4F 8F 2F
For 1 Feet Length of the Duct For 1 Feet Length of the Duct

Surface Area of the Contact between duct and air Surface Area of the Contact between duct and air

= 16 x 1 = 16 Sq. Feet = 20 x 1 = 20 Sq. Feet More Area !!

More Friction !!
PLACEMENT OF GRILLES AND DIFFUSERS
PLACEMENT OF GRILLES AND DIFFUSERS
PLACEMENT OF GRILLES AND DIFFUSERS
PLACEMENT OF GRILLES
PLACEMENT OF GRILLES AND DIFFUSERS
PLACEMENT OF GRILLES AND DIFFUSERS
PLACEMENT OF GRILLES AND DIFFUSERS
PLACEMENT OF DIFFUSERS
SPIRAL DUCTS
SPIRAL DUCTS
AIR TERMINAL PRODUCTS
DIFFERENT TYPES OF GRILLES -DIFFUSERS
 DESCRIPTION OPTION-1 OPTION-2
SYSTEM HIWALL SPLITS DUCTABLE SPLIT
CAPACITY 4 NOS 1.5 TR 1 NO 5.5 TR
POWER CONSUMPTION-KW 4 X 1.9 KW = 7.6 KW 1 NO. 6.5 KW
PER DAY OPERATION 8 HOURS 6 HOURS
PER YEAR 300 DAYS 300 DAYS
TARRIF- RS/KW 6 6
POWER COST PER YEAR 109440.0 70200.0
INVESTMENT-RS 120000.0 150000.0
DIFFERENCE 30000.0

TOTAL COST OF OWENRSHIP

INVESTMENT-RS 120000.0 150000.0
POWER + MAINTENANCE
1 109440.0 70200.0
2 128384.0 89220.0
3 141222.4 98142.0
4 155344.6 107956.2
REPLACEMENT 120000.0
5 170879.1 118751.8
6 187967.0 130627.0
7 206763.7 143689.7
8 227440.1 158058.7
9 250184.1 173864.5
10 275202.5 191251.0

2092827.6 1431760.9