ENGLISH FOR ACADEMIC

AND PROFESSIONAL PURPOSES

AVOIDING PLAGIARISM
AND EFFECTIVE
NOTE-TAKING
Miss Katrina M. Coritana

 REVIEW

facebook.com / twitter.com / instagram.com / youtube.com

As a review, I want you to browse the

Internet and look for one statement that
seems to be malicious or illogical to you.
Converse with the writer/author of the
statement using strategies we previously
discussed.
 STARTER

facebook.com / twitter.com / instagram.com

Take a throwback to your posts in your social

media accounts. Choose three previous
•
posts that you uploaded in the past year.
 What You Will Learn

Nature of Plagiarism

Types of Plagiarism

Note-Taking Techniques

Contents Summarizing

Direct Quoting

Paraphrasing
 THE NATURE OF PLAGIARISM

the ter “copy and paste”

‘plagiarism’
m

 THE NATURE OF PLAGIARISM

does not only

pertain to the act of
the ter copying, but also to
‘plagiarism’ the act of taking
credit for what is
copied
m

 THE NATURE OF PLAGIARISM

Merriam Online Dictionary (used by Cayog & Datu, 2019)

• to steal and pass off the ideas, words, or works

of another person as one’s ow
• to use another person’s ideas, words, or works
without proper acknowledgement of the sourc
• to claim ownership of another person’s creative
or literary wor
• to present as new and original an idea or
product derived from an existing source
k

 THE NATURE OF PLAGIARISM

plagiarism.org

• forgetting to put quotation marks on phrases

quoted directly from a sourc
• failing to provide accurate information about the
source cited within the tex
• changing only a few words but copying the
sentence structure of a source without giving credi
• copying so many words or ideas from a source
(whether cited or not) that it makes up most of the
work
t

 WHY NOT?

Cayog & Datu (2019)

• Stealing other people’s ideas can result in

expulsion or loss of academic degree
• Academic dishonesty undermines the hard work
one has put in previous works
• Plagiarism is easily detected now with the aid of
software or applications
• Intellectual fraud can be punished by the law due
to Intellectual Property Rights.
.

 TWO TYPES OF PLAGIARISM

Plagiarism Plagiarism
of Ideas of Language

 TWO TYPES OF PLAGIARISM

This occurs when

credit for a work is
Plagiarism attributed to oneself
of Ideas untruthfully.

HOW TO AVOID PLAGIARISM OF IDEAS

PROPER CITATION
 TWO TYPES OF PLAGIARISM

This occurs when

an author uses the
Plagiarism language of
of Language another writer and
claims it as his or
her own.

 TWO TYPES OF PLAGIARISM

Idea and language

What does it are two different
mean??? things.
 PLAGIARISM OF LANGUAGE
Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, higher education intuitions in the world
are shifting to online learning or distance education programs. The
advantage is it can allow for the students to learn at their convenience
since it is needless to attend training centers and universities. This large
shift to online instruction does not need for the face to face interaction
between teachers and the students together with their classmates so
there is prevention and control over the spread of the virus. Higher
education institutions in the Philippines thereby should prepare the
courses for online transfer since another epidemic can breakout in the
future. That indicates aligning the competencies that students should
learn in the subject courses in an online format. By doing this, universities
can expedite its response for continuous learning of the stakeholders.
— Toquero, C. M. (2020). Challenges and Opportunities for Higher Education amid the
COVID-19 Pandemic: The Philippine Context. Pedagogical Research, 5(4), em0063. https://
doi.org/10.29333/pr/7947


 PLAGIARISM OF LANGUAGE
Toquero (2020) states that due to the COVID-19 pandemic, higher
education intuitions in the world are shifting to online learning or
distance education programs. The advantage is it can allow for the
students to learn at their convenience since it is needless to attend
training centers and universities. This large shift to online instruction
does not need for the face to face interaction between teachers and the
students together with their classmates so there is prevention and
control over the spread of the virus. Higher education institutions in the
Philippines thereby should prepare the courses for online transfer since
another epidemic can breakout in the future. That indicates aligning the
competencies that students should learn in the subject courses in an
online format. By doing this, universities can expedite its response for
continuous learning of the stakeholders.

 PLAGIARISM OF LANGUAGE
Toquero (2020) states that higher education intuitions in the world are
shifting to online learning or distance education programs due to the
COVID-19 pandemic. This setup has its advantage as it can allow for
the students to learn at their convenience since it is needless to attend
training centers and universities. In this learning modality, there is no
need for the face to face interaction between teachers and the students
together with their classmates so there is prevention and control over
the spread of the virus. It is recommended that Philippine education
should prepare the courses for online transfer since another epidemic
can breakout in the future. That indicates aligning the competencies that
students should learn in the subject courses in an online format. By
doing this, universities can expedite its response for continuous learning
of the stakeholder
s

 PLAGIARISM OF LANGUAGE
Toquero (2020) states that higher education intuitions in the world are
shifting to online learning or distance education programs due to the
COVID-19 pandemic. This setup has its advantage as it can allow for
the students to learn at their convenience since it is needless to attend
training centers and universities. In this learning modality, there is no
need for the face to face interaction between teachers and the students
together with their classmates so there is prevention and control over
the spread of the virus. It is recommended that Philippine education
should prepare the courses for online transfer since another epidemic
can breakout in the future. That indicates aligning the competencies that
students should learn in the subject courses in an online format. By
doing this, universities can expedite its response for continuous learning
of the stakeholder
s

 So, how can I avoid

committing plagiarism of
language if proper citation
is not enough?

EFFECTIVE
NOTE-TAKING
TECHNIQUES

 WHAT’S THE DIFFERENCE?

CITATION NOTE-TAKIN
are used to TECHNIQUE
attribute allow you to
ownership rephrase original
of ideas text into your own

 HOW TO AVOID PLAGIARISM OF LANGUAGE

Three Types
of Note-Taking Techniques
• Summarizin
• Using Direct Quotation
• Paraphrasing
g

 SUMMARIZING

• What is Summarizing
• What is Not Summarizing
• What are the Guidelines in
Summarizing?
?

 SUMMARIZING

Summary Formats

• Idea Heading Forma

• Author Heading Forma
• Date Heading Format
t

 SUMMARIZING

Using Reporting Verb

when Summarizin
g

 SUMMARIZING

The use of smartphones affects face-to-face

interactions, leading to feelings of disinterest,
boredom and distraction that bring about
negative effect on one’s well-being as a result
of missing out on the emotional rewards of
social interaction.
 SUMMARIZING

Using Reporting Verb

when Summarizin
Researchers from the University of British
Columbia and the University of Virginia claim
that there is science behind speculation that
the use of smartphones may be making people
less happy.
g

 SUMMARIZING

Using Reporting Verb

when Summarizin
Researchers from the University of British
Columbia and the University of Virginia claim
that there is science behind speculation that
the use of smartphones may be making people
less happy.
g

 How was
last session’s activity?

Were you able to change

all the words?

 DIRECT QUOTING

You use direct quotations for

statements that are closely
associated that altering the words
may lose its rhetorical impact.
 DIRECT QUOTING

“The Filipino is worth dying for”

•
~Ninoy Aquino

 PARAPHRASING

Paraphrasing is a restatement in
your own words of the main idea and
supporting details of a text.
At a glance…
Summarizing Paraphrasing Direct Quoting

does not match does not match

matches the
the original the original
original source
source word for source word for
word for word
word word
At a glance…
Summarizing Paraphrasing Direct Quoting
involves putting
the main idea(s) involves putting a
is usually a short
into your own passage from a
part of the
words, but source into your
original source
includes only the own words
main point(s).
At a glance…
Summarizing Paraphrasing Direct Quoting
changes the
presents a broad
words or phrasing
overview, so is cited part appears
of a passage, but
usually much inside quotation
retains and fully
shorter than the marks
communicates its
original text
original meaning
At a glance…
Summarizing Paraphrasing Direct Quoting

must be must be must be

attributed to the attributed to the attributed to the
original source original source original source
When to Use…
Summarizing Paraphrasing Direct Quoting

1.Summarize a 1.Paraphrase a short 1.Quote a text that

text with one or conveys a powerful
text that has
two sentences or a message whose
long sections paragraph with a impact lessens if it
maximum of five is paraphrased.
sentences.
 When to Use…
Summarizing Paraphrasing Direct Quoting

2. Summarize when you 2. Paraphrase when you 2. Quote directly when

want to want to you want to
a. avoid or minimize a. avoid or minimize a. begin your
direct quotations; direct quotations; discussion with
b. use the main idea b. use your own the author’s
of the text and words to state the stand;
write it in your author’s ideas b. highlight the
own words authors expertise

 DIRECT QUOTING

Guidelines in Direct Quoting, p. 133

 DIRECT QUOTING

Guidelines in Direct Quoting

• If the text is too long, you may omit certain parts and replace
them with an ellipsis (three dots). If the words omitted are at
the end of the statement, another dot is added, making it
four.

“Smartphones resulted from global innovations in technology...

and there, consumers need to be updated on the latest trends if
they want to maximize opportunities offered by these gadgets to
make daily activities more convenient.” (De Claro, 2010, p.7).

 DIRECT QUOTING

Guidelines in Direct Quoting

• As a rule of thumb, twenty percent of the
total length of the work may employ
direct quotations.
 PARAPHRASING

Guidelines in Paraphrasing, p. 133

 PARAPHRASING

Ways to Employ Paraphrasing

• Literal Paraphrasing - This type
only replaces vocabulary terms
from the original text.
 PARAPHRASING

Ways to Employ Paraphrasin

Literal

 Paraphrasing
Original Text: Overlocking is a process that is capable
of improving a computer’s performance through
overloading electricity.


Paraphrased Text: Overlocking is an operation that has
the capacity to enhance computer’s performance
through overloading electricity.
g

 PARAPHRASING

Ways to Employ Paraphrasing

• Structural Paraphrasing - This type
changes the sentence structure as 

well as the word class of key words
of the original text.
 PARAPHRASING

Ways to Employ Paraphrasin

Structural

 Paraphrasing
Original Text: Differentiation as an instructional approach
promotes a balance between a student’s style and a
student’s ability. Differentiated instruction provides the
student with options for processing and internalizing the
content, and for constructing new learning in order to
progress academically.
g

 PARAPHRASING

Ways to Employ Paraphrasin

Structural Paraphrasing
Paraphrased Text: Differentiation is a way to encourage
equality between the approach and the talent of the
student. This type of instruction gives students different
ways to deal with and grasp information, and for
establishing new learning to move on in education.

 Mobile and computer

technology may also affect SUMMAR
children’s sociability. The use of Subia and Tatel (2014) view
this technology may take away technology as something that
hours from children’s social and may affect the social lives of
playing time. Yet from another children in a negative and positive
perspective it can help cultivate way.
their communicative and social
skills through using different
social media platforms and
sharing apps with friends. (Subia
and Tatel, 2014)

 Mobile and computer
technology may also affect
children’s sociability. The use of
this technology may take away
hours from children’s social and
playing time. Yet from another
perspective it can help cultivate
their communicative and social
skills through using different
social media platforms and
sharing apps with friends. (Subia
and Tatel, 2014)
PARAPHRASE
Subia and Tatel (2014) indicate
that though technology may have a
negative impact in children’s ability
to socialize since it minimizes
chances of real life interaction with
others, they believe that through
interactive features of technology
such as sharing apps and varying
platforms for exchange, technology
can enhance social skills among its
young users.


SUMMAR
Subia and Tatel (2014) view
technology as something that
may affect the social lives of
children in a negative and positive
way.
PARAPHRASE
Subia and Tatel (2014) indicate
that though technology may have a
negative impact in children’s ability
to socialize since it minimizes
chances of real life interaction with
others, they believe that through
interactive features of technology
such as sharing apps and varying
platforms for exchange, technology
can enhance social skills among its
young users.