DESIGN AND SIMULATION OF A PLANT TO CONVERT BIOMEDICAL

WASTE TO ENERGY

RAHUL N, E SRIHARIKA
AGENDA

INTRODUCTION
CAUSES
CLASSIFIFACTION OF BIOMEDICAL WASTE
SEGREGATION OF BIOMEDICAL WASTE
STEPS IN THE MANAGEMENT OF BIOMEDICAL WASTE
PLASMA PYROLYSIS

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 INTRODUCTION
• What is Biomedical waste
(BMW)?
• Biomedical waste is any type
of waste either solid or liquid
comprising of harmful
materials produced by
healthcare facilities
• E.g. Hospitals, Health Camps
etc.
• Biomedical waste
management is significant to
defend the environment and
health of the population

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CAUSES

IMPROPER HANDLING
• Packing
• Segregation
• Treatment and disposal of biomedical waste
ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS
• Air pollution
• Water pollution
• Land pollution
CLASSIFICATION OF BIOMEDICAL WASTE

 Infectious waste – Bacteria, viruses

 Pathological waste – Body parts, organs
 Sharps – Needles, knives
 Pharmaceutical waste – Pharmaceutical products, drugs
 Genotoxic waste – vomit, urine or feces from patient treated with drugs chemicals and radioactive material
 Chemical waste – Solid, liquid and gaseous chemicals
 Pressurized containers – pressurised cylinders, aerosol cans
 Radioactive waste – x-rays, protons and neutrons

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COLOUR CODING FOR SEGREGATION OF BIOMEDICAL WASTE
CATEGORY TYPE OF WASTE TYPE OF BAG OR TREATMENT AND
CONTAINER TO BE DISPOSAL OPTION
USED

Yellow Human tissues, organs, Yellow coloured non Incineration or deep burial
body parts chlorinated plastic bags
Red Contaminated waste Red coloured non- Autoclaving or microwaving
(Recyclable) chlorinated plastic bags or chemical treatment
or containers

Black Discarded Black coloured non- Disposal in secured landfill

medicines/cytotoxic drugs, chlorinated plastic bags
incineration ash, chemical
waste

Blue/white Waste sharps(needles, Cardboard boxes with Autoclaving or microwaving

scalpels, blades) blue colored marking or chemical treatment &
destruction
SAMPLE FOOTER TEXT 20XX 6
STEPS IN THE MANAGEMENT OF BIOMEDICAL WASTE

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PLASMA PYROLYSIS
 PLASMA PYROLYSIS – Ideal technology for waste disposal.
 POTENTIAL GRAPHITE PLASMA – The work horse in pyrolysis technology.
 It provides extremely high temperature.
 It doesn’t require cooling and hence more efficient.
 It has high electrical to heat conversion efficiency.

Why Plasma Pyrolysis over Incineration?

• Incineration is merely the burning of waste material in the
presence of oxygen.
• Incinerators have significant air emission control problems.
• There is a possibility of the survival of pathogens if the
incineration is incomplete or done at low temperature.
• Due to insufficient temperature generated in the process
chamber, incinerators produce extremely toxic products like
furanes and dioxins. This can cause air pollution or the toxic
pollutants can remain in the bottom ash, eventually finding
their way into landfills.
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REACTIONS INVOLVED
 Pyrolysis Products:
 C6H10O5 (cellulose) + heat → CH4 + 2CO + 3H2O + 3C
 [–CH2–CH2–]n (polyethylene) + H2O + heat → xCH4 + yH2 + zCO
 Exothermic Reactions:
 CO + 1/2O2 = CO2 ∆H = – 67.63 kcal
 H2 + 1/2O2 = H2O ∆H = – 57.82 kcal
 Estimated Recovery Results:
 Combustion of 2200–2800 L (2.2–2.8 normal m3 ) of gas mixture (that contains ~ 50% combustible gases) generates1kWh
energy.
 2.5 kWh energy is generated from burning 1 kg of plastic waste

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PRELIM DESIGN AND SIMULATION OF A PLANT FOR ENERGY
RECOVERY IN ASPEN PLUS

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PLANS FOR PROJECT WORK PART B (4 - 2)

 Data collection from dispensary or nearby hospital to determine the average composition of medical waste
 Simulation of plant design in Aspen Plus to calculate the energy recovered.
 Demo of a miniature design to calculate accuracy of energy recovered through the simulation.

SAMPLE FOOTER TEXT 20XX 11

THANK YOU
References:

1. Plasma pyrolysis of medical waste S. K. Nema* and K. S. Ganeshprasad Facilitation Centre for Industrial Plasma
Technologies, Institute for Plasma Research, GIDC Electronic Estate, Sector 25, Gandhinagar 382 044, India
2. https://youtu.be/nIZFEjy1ROE
3. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z_xI1cKIWLg
4. https://www.wastetoenergysystems.com/medical-waste-and-gasification-the-covid-19-waste-solution/
5. https://www.wastetoenergysystems.com/waste-to-energy-gasification-science/
6. https://chemicalengineeringworld.com/plastic-to-fuel-pyrolysis-process/

Project advisor – Dr. DINESH P SHANKAR REDDY

Presenter name – Rahul N (211817)
E Sriharika (211805)

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