Submitted By: Samiksha Malhotra

50251202718

Cse 2

Mobile Computing Tutorial 1

Q1: Define Mobile Computing and its application in detail.

Q2: What are HLR, VLR and its usage.

Q3: Explain GSM Concept with detailed diagram.

Q4: Describe various different mobile services

Q5: How GSM is different from GPRS?

Ans 1: Mobile Computing refers a technology that allows transmission of data, voice and video via a
computer or any other wireless enabled device. It is free from having a connection with a fixed
physical link. It facilitates the users to move from one physical location to another during
communication.

Mobile communication can be divided in the following four types:

1. Fixed and Wired

2. Fixed and Wireless
3. Mobile and Wired
4. Mobile and Wireless
Fixed and Wired: In Fixed and Wired configuration, the devices are fixed at a position, and they are
connected through a physical link to communicate with other devices.

For Example, Desktop Computer.

Fixed and Wireless: In Fixed and Wireless configuration, the devices are fixed at a position, and they
are connected through a wireless link to make communication with other devices.

For Example, Communication Towers, WiFi router

Mobile and Wired: In Mobile and Wired configuration, some devices are wired, and some are mobile.
They altogether make communication with other devices.

For Example, Laptops.

Mobile and Wireless: In Mobile and Wireless configuration, the devices can communicate with each
other irrespective of their position. They can also connect to any network without the use of any wired
device.

For Example, WiFi Dongle.

Applications of Mobile Computing

Following is a list of some significant fields in which mobile computing is generally applied:

o Web or Internet access.

o Global Position System (GPS).
o Emergency services.
o Entertainment services.
o Educational services.

Ans 2: Home Location Register (HLR):

 It is a database for managing the mobile subscriber.

 HLR stores permanent data of subscriber which include subscribers service profile, location
information and its activity.
 A home subscriber charges are less then the roaming subscriber.

Visitor Location Register (VLR):

 It is a database which consists of temporary information about subscribers which is used by

MSC in order to provide services to visiting subscriber.
 MSC updates the VLRby determining which users are in roaming.
 Once, the roaming mobile information is updated, then MSC sends necessary information to
roaming mobile subscribers so that roaming mobile call can be properly routed.
Ans 3: The GSM network architecture provided a simple and yet effective architecture to provide the
services needed for a 2G cellular or mobile communications system.

There were four main elements to the overall GSM network architecture and these could often be
further split. Elements like the base station controller, MSC, AuC, HLR, VLR and the like are brought
together to form the overall system.

The 2G GSM network architecture, although now superseded gives an excellent introduction into
some of the basic capabilities required to set up a mobile communications phone network and how
all the entities operate together.

Ans 4: No location constraint: Mobile computing frees the user from being tied to a location and

increased bandwidth and speed of transmission makes it possible to work on the move.

 It saves time and enhances productivity with a better return on investment (RoI)
  It provides entertainment, news and information on the move with streaming data, video

and audio

 Streamlining of business processes: Mobility has enabled streamlining of business processes,

cumbersome emails, paper processing, delays in communication and transmission.

 Newer job opportunities for IT professionals have emerged and IT businesses now have an

added service in their portfolio which only will keep growing as per indicative mobile

computing trends.

Ans 5:

S.No.
GSM GPRS

GPRS stands for General Packet Radio

1. GSM stands for Global Systems for Mobile. Service.

GSM is a cellular standard for mobile phone GPRS is an up-gradation of GSM

communications to cater to voice services features over the basic features to
and data delivery using digital modulation obtain much higher data speeds and
where SMS has a profound effect on simple wireless access to packet data
2. society. networks than standard GSM.

3. System generation is 2G. System generation is 2.5G.

The frequency bands used in the

The frequency bands used in the GSM system are 850, 900, 1800 and 1900
4. system are 900 and 1800 MHz. MHZ.

The type of connection is a circuit-switched Here the type of connection is a

5. network. packet-switched network.

It provides data rates of 14.4 to 115.2

6. It provides data rates of 9.6 kbps. kbps.

In GSM billing is based on the duration of In GPRS billing is based on the features
7. the connection. amount of data transferred.
S.No.
GSM GPRS

It does not allow direct connection to the It allows direct connection to the
8. internet. internet.

9. It is based on system TDMA. It is based on system GSM.

In GSM, single time slot is allotted to a In GPRS, multiple time slots can be
10. single user. allotted to a single user.

11. It takes long time to connect. It provides faster connection.

12. In this location area concept is used. In this routing area concept is used.