 Contracts without Quantities - These contracts are normally restricted to

minor works and the contract documents comprise of drawings,

specifications and form of agreement. 
 Drawings
 Specification
 Form of agreement
Cost Based Contracts - Here a contractor agrees that his expenditure on labor and
materials will be met by the client (thus cost reimbursed)
Cost Plus Percentage - In this type of contract, the contractor charges a certain
agreed percentage on the amount spent on the materials, labor and plants, for his
profits and overheads.
Cost Plus Fixed Fee -  In this form the contract, the contractor is paid the actual
cost of work plus a fixed lump-sum, which has been previously agreed upon and
which does not fluctuate with the cost of the job 
Cost Plus Fluctuating Fee - Here the contractor is paid the actual cost of work plus
a few, with the amount of the fee being determined by the reference to the
allowable cost of works, the lower the actual cost of the works, the greater will be
the fee that the contractor receives.
Schedule contracts - means the schedule of Contracts conveyed to the Trust
pursuant to this Agreement, executed and delivered on the Closing Date, which
schedule shall identify the applicable Financing Originator with respect to each
Contract identified.
Schedule of rates -  Here, expected items of work to be done are listed (without
their quantities) for the contractor to price. It is used where it is not possible to
pre-determine the nature and full extent of the proposed work. It is difficult for
the contractors to price the schedule realistically in absence of quantities. It is
commonly used on repair works, agent works, etc. 
Schedule of materials - This is alternative to the schedule of rates. Here a list of
all materials to be used for the expected works is given and the contractor
attaches the price on each. The contractor may then add a percentage of the total
sum for the materials for hos labor, profit and overheads. (Cost for running the
contract) 
 Package Deal/ Design and Construct/ All-In Contract -With this type of
contract, the employer gives his requirement in broad outline to the
contractor who submit full detail of the design, construction and cost of the
project. 
 It is suitable for specialized work 
 The contractor can commit himself to a price and completion date at
an early stage 
 In case of competitive tendering, prices are based on different
designs which makes evaluation hard 
Direct labor - The client employs labor, buys materials and engages sub-
contractors on the items that require so. The client does all the organization of
the work and bears all the risks. The client may employ a technical adviser.
 Lump- Sum Contracts - In a lump sum fixed price contract, the contractor
undertakes to carry-out the contract work for a fixed sum of money. The
details of the contract are normally shown on the drawings and described
in the specifications but no BOQ is supplied. It is often used where: 
 The job is reasonably certain in nature and small in extent
Contracts with quantities - These contracts are normally prepared for major
works and they are based on bill of quantities (BoQ). The BoQs are prepared by
the quantity surveyor on behalf of the client. Several copies of BoQs are repaired
and sent out to the contractors who are interested in doing the work to enter in
their prices or rate for the execution of the work.
Price In Advance - Under this type of contract, the contractor agrees to carry-out
his obligation for the sum of money agreed upon in advance. The contractor is
responsible for all the labor, materials, and plants.
Contracts based on BOQ  - This is generally the soundest form of contract. It is
suitable for all projects, provided all planning and design work has been
completed at tender stage. 
Target Cost Contracts - In a target contract a basic fee is quoted as a percentage
of the agreed target estimate obtained from a priced bill of quantities. The target
estimate may be adjusted for variation in the quantity and design and fluctuations
in labor and material costs. The actual fee paid to the contractor is determined by
increasing or reducing the basic fee by an agreed percentage of the savings or
excess between the actual cost and adjusted target estimate, 
 It discourages wastes 
 There is an incentive to the contractor to complete the work speedily
and economically as possible
Open tendering/contracting - The procedure is to advertise in the press inviting
any firm that wishes to do so to submit a tender; bid or offer. The advertisement
will give an outline detail of the type of work, the scale program and any other
key features
Selective tendering/contracting - Here the procedure is to select a limited
number of firms known to the architect/client and invite them to tender and this
procedure is mainly used by private firms or institutions. 
Single tendering/contracting - There may be circumstances in which only one
firm will be able to satisfy the criteria for selection. This likely happens when
specialist or nominated contractors e.g in installation of lifts, gas pipes works,
supply of some selected materials are involved. 
Merits Single tendering/contracting 
 It is cheap to evaluate the tender. 
 The firms with tested results are employed. 

Demerits Single tendering/contracting 

 It’s usually expensive as a single contractor tenders.
 It’s somewhat undesirable and perhaps an un health state of affairs and can
be embarrassing is un satisfactory tender is received.
Serial tendering/contracting – It is a premeditated (deliberate) form of extension
and comes essentially into the category of tendering rather than negotiation
Negotiated tender/contracting - This is usually used for construction of a very
difficult nature of work, where the magnitude of the contract may be unknown at
first or where early completion is most important,

Ppt 2 .