Health Care Facilities

HEALTH CARE FACILITIES
 L I F E SA F ETY CODE , N F PA 1 0 1 , 2 0 1 8
 HEA LT H CA R E FACI LI TY CODE – N F PA 9 9 , 2 0 1 8
 HOS P I TAL F I R E P R E V ENTI ON A N D E VAC UATIO N G U I DE
Mehboob Shaikh
BE | CFPS | CFI-1 | AMIE
INFO@MITIONLINE.COM | +91914861270
PART- A
Health Care Facilities vs Health Care Occupancies
All health care occupancies (and ambulatory health care
occupancies) are considered health care facilities; however, not all
health care facilities are considered health care occupancies), as
health care facilities also include ambulatory health care
occupancies and business occupancies.
Main Causes of Hospital Fires
PREVENTIONS
Construction and Design Considerations
H H Laundry
96” H H 96”
Kitchen Dining Room
Mechanical Storage Exam Room
Corridor wall shall be 1 hr.

Smoke Barrier
rated or sprinklered
Waiting Lounge Nurse Station
Smoke Barrier
Nurse Station
Toilet and shower area
Administrative Offices Exit Sign

96” 96”
Toilet and shower area
H Hazardous Area requires 1 hr.
enclosure, AS or both
Patient sleeping Room
Selection of Structural Materials
Large sections of timber can perform better than
equivalently sized steel or aluminum. Timber has a low
thermal conductivity, and the charred surface helps to
protect the interior section from burning
Most types of timber have charring rates of 20 mm (0.8 inches) in

30 minutes and 40 mm (1.6 inches) in 60 minutes
Solid units tend to be more fire resistant than hollow units of

equivalent thickness. Solid units 100 mm (3.9 inches) in thickness
can provide up to 2 hours of fire resistance if they are load bearing
and 4 hours if they are not load bearing.
The fire resistance provided by different structural
components depends on their minimum dimension and
the concrete cover to reinforcement distance;
25 mm (1 inch) cover to reinforcement can provide

between 60 minutes and 90 minutes of protection, and up
to 45 mm can provide 2 hours of protection depending on
the structural element
Up to 3 hours of fire protection can be achieved with boards and

vermiculite concrete spray.
Up to 2 hours can be achieved with “intumescent” paint and flexible
blankets (although the latter are not optimal aesthetically).
Fire-resistant types of glass, such as wire interlayer glass,

intumescent laminated glass, and pre-stressed
borosilicate (as known as Pyrex) glass, can achieve a fire
rating of up to 60 minutes.
Minimum Construction Requirements
For New
Occupancies
For Existing
Occupancies
Can’t we have HCO in five story building ?
Table 18.1.6.1 is applied with respect
to the number of stories in height,
and not to the total number of stories
in the building
Cl. 18.1.3.4 (2) has the provision !!!
Subdivision of Building Spaces
Multiple Occupancy with Mixed Uses
When the entire facility to be treated as a mixed

occupancy then its needs to comply with the
provisions that are the most stringent of the
occupancies involved.
Multiple Occupancy with Separated Uses
Separation of Patient Sleeping Rooms
Smoke Compartment in a New Health
Care Facility
In new health care construction,
smoke barriers are generally required
to subdivide into at least two
compartments every story used for
inpatient sleeping and treatment and
any story in the building, regardless
of occupancy, that has an occupant
load of greater than 50 people
Every floor used by inpatients

should be subdivided into at least
two compartments by smoke
barriers that also have a 1-hour
fire resistance rating
Smoke Compartment in a Existing
Health Care Facility
Smoke
Compartment &
Smoke dampers are required in non-fully-ducted smoke barrier penetrations
in both new and existing facilities, as well as in those ducted smoke barrier
Smoke Damper penetrations where sprinkler protection is not provided in each adjacent
smoke compartment & if engineered smoke control system requires Smoke
dampers
NEW
Vs
EXISTING
Typical Standard Fire Door
Protection of Vertical Openings
All shafts should be provided with fire-rated enclosures.

Vertical openings connecting not more than three floors
should be enclosed with fire barriers having a minimum 1-
hour fire resistance rating.
Two-hour rated enclosures should be provided for vertical

openings connecting more than three floors.
Openings to shafts should be limited to those necessary, and

such openings must be protected.
Means of Egress Design
A horizontal exit implies that occupants will be transferred from one side of
a partition to the other (horizontal evacuation), adequate space must be
available to house occupants after movement. In hospitals, at least 30 net
ft2 (2.79 SM) per patient should be available on each side of the horizontal
exit, allowing for accumulation of the total number of patients in adjoining
compartments.
Means of Egress Design
Stairs should be enclosed with fire barriers, and openings

into stair enclosures should be limited to those necessary
for access and discharge purposes. Stairs must be
properly protected from the effects of fire.
Minimum of two exits accessible from all parts of floor
18.2.4.1 Not less than two exits shall be provided on every story.
18.2.4.3 Not less than two exits shall be

accessible from each smoke compartment,
and Egress shall be permitted through an
adjacent compartment(s) but shall not require
return through the compartment of fire origin.
Area B is deficient in that it has no exit other than horizontal

exits.
18.2.4.2 Not less than two separate exits shall be accessible from every part
of every story.
18.2.4.3 Not less than two exits shall be
accessible from each smoke compartment, Shift this door to
and Egress shall be permitted through an location XX to meet
adjacent compartment(s) but shall not require requirement of cl.
return through the compartment of fire origin. 18.2.4.3
Might be a source of fire of fire origin hence exit

for area C will get blocked as it has to pass
through to get an access of exit stair 1 and 2
SUITS
SLEEPING SUITS
Maximum Size :
5000 SF
7500 SF ( If fully sprinklered or outfitted with the smoke detectors)
10000 SF ( If Sprinklered and outfitted with smoke detectors and provided with direct staff
supervision)
Suits greater than 1000 SF requires two exit access doors
Travel distance from any point in the suit shall not exceed 100 ft.
Separated from the remainder of the building by barriers meeting the corridor separation
requirements.
NON-SLEEPING SUITS
Maximum Size :
 10000 SF
 Suite greater than 2500 SF requires two exit access doors
 Travel distance from any point in the suite to a corridor must not exceed 100 ft.
Alcohol-based hand-rub
dispenser(ABHR)
Dispensers must be spaced at least 48 in.

(122 cm) from one another and strategically
located relative to ignition sources, such as
light switches and outlets
Alcohol-based hand-rub dispenser
Where dispensers are installed in a corridor, the corridor shall have a minimum width of 1830 mm or
72 inches.
The maximum individual dispenser fluid capacity shall be 1.2 liters or 0.32 gallons for dispensers
located in rooms, corridors, and areas open to corridors.
The maximum fluid capacity for dispensers in suites of rooms will be 2.0 liters or 0.53 gallons.
The dispensers shall have a minimum horizontal spacing of 1220 mm or 48 inches from each other.
No more than an aggregate of 37.8 liters or 10 gallons of alcohol-based hand-rub solution shall be in
use in a single smoke compartment outside of a storage cabinet.
Storage of quantities greater than 18.9 liters or 5 gallons in a single smoke compartment shall meet
the requirements of NFPA 30 (Flammable and Combustible Liquids Code).
Dispensers shall not be installed over or directly adjacent to an ignition source.
In locations with carpeted floor coverings, dispensers installed directly over carpeted surfaces shall be
permitted only in sprinkled smoke compartments.

Health Care Facilities

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HEALTH CARE FACILITIES

Corridor wall shall be 1 hr.

Toilet and shower area

Administrative Offices Exit Sign

Most types of timber have charring rates of 20 mm (0.8 inches) in

Solid units tend to be more fire resistant than hollow units of

25 mm (1 inch) cover to reinforcement can provide

Up to 3 hours of fire protection can be achieved with boards and

Fire-resistant types of glass, such as wire interlayer glass,

Can’t we have HCO in five story building ?

Cl. 18.1.3.4 (2) has the provision !!!

When the entire facility to be treated as a mixed

Every floor used by inpatients

All shafts should be provided with fire-rated enclosures.

Two-hour rated enclosures should be provided for vertical

Openings to shafts should be limited to those necessary, and

Stairs should be enclosed with fire barriers, and openings

18.2.4.3 Not less than two exits shall be

Area B is deficient in that it has no exit other than horizontal

Might be a source of fire of fire origin hence exit

Dispensers must be spaced at least 48 in.

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