2. Find a specific “choice” (strategy) that was made by Boeing that led to this outcome.

Ans: Boeing is a major commercial aircraft manufacturer whose jets are among the most
well-known industrial items created in the United States and as well as a major military
contractor. It also has one of the shadiest ethical histories of any major firm.
The fault was discovered during testing of a newly produced 737 Max 8, which had yet to be
handed to its owner, according to Boeing and the FAA. The aircraft's electrical power
systems were discovered to be malfunctioning. Investigators discovered that a defective
sensor caused an automatic anti-stall system to activate incorrectly on both instances, driving
the plane's nose downward. Both Lion Air and Ethiopian Airlines pilots attempted to correct
their planes but were repeatedly thwarted by the automatic system.
As previously stated, Boeing chose to modify the latest generation of the 737 family, the
737NG, rather than create a completely new aircraft in order to keep up with its primary
competitor, Airbus. However, this presented Boeing with a substantial engineering issue.
Because the 737 series was built closer to the ground than the Airbus A320, mounting larger,
more fuel-efficient engines, comparable to those used on the A320neo, on the current 737
airframe faced a severe design difficulty. The bigger engines had to be positioned higher and
farther forward on the wings than prior 737 models in order to give adequate ground
clearance. The aircraft's aerodynamics were drastically altered and there was a risk of a nose-
up stall in certain flight conditions. Boeing attempted to resolve the issue by implementing
MCAS as a software correction for the potential stall condition. The AOA sensor failed in
both the Lion Air and Ethiopian Air crashes, causing MCAS to be activated repeatedly.
Boeing has made changes to the MCAS as a result of the two disasters, including relying on
input from both AOA sensors instead than just one.

4. Provide an example of ethical dilemma in Bangladesh.

Ans: Almost daily, business managers face ethical dilemmas resulting from the pressure of
the business environment. They are challenged to meet sales quotas, cut costs, increase
efficiency, or overtake competitors. Managers and employees may sometimes think the only
way to survive in the competitive world of business is by deception or cheating. In some
instances, an organization may use someone else's successful work without the permission of
the owner or originator.
In Bangladesh, physicians’ dual practice in both public hospitals and private clinics leads to
frequent absenteeism from public sector services. Unethical interactions between
pharmaceutical industries and physicians also lead to negative outcomes that compromise
patients’ well-being. Aggressive pharmaceutical promotion poses an ethical threat to
physicians’ professionalism by influencing prescribing behaviors that are not in patients’ best
interests despite endorsement of 1994 Code of Pharmaceutical Marketing Practices. In the
absence of regulation and accountability, serious incidents of medical malpractice and
exploitation have been reported, especially in the private sector, that disproportionately affect
the poor and less educated. These instances of exploitation, dehumanization, and lack of
ethical professionalism in health service delivery are also apparent in clinical and public
health research dealing with human subjects. Disadvantaged and illiterate patients with
limited access to health information are often not informed of potential risks and adverse
effects prior to medical procedures.