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Forced vibration
x p (t ) X cos t (3.5)
where X is the max amplitude of 𝑥𝑝 (𝑡)
F0 st
X (3.6)
k m 2
2
1
n
where 𝛿𝑠𝑡 = 𝐹0 𝑘 denotes the static deflection
Thus, F0
x(t ) C1 cos nt C2 sin nt cos t (3.7)
k m 2
x p (t ) X cos t (3.11)
Total Response
The total response of the system, Eq.(3.7) or Eq.(3.9), can also be
expressed as
st
x(t ) A cos(nt ) cos t ; for 1 (3.16)
2
n
1
n
and
st
x(t ) A cos(nt ) cos t; for 1 (3.17)
2
n
1
n
Beating Phenomenon
If the forcing frequency is close to, but not exactly equal to, the
natural frequency of the system, beating may occur. The
phenomenon of beating can be expressed as:
F0 / m
x(t ) sin t sin t (3.22)
2
The negative sign indicates that the response 𝑥(𝑡) of the plate is out of
phase with the excitation 𝐹(𝑡).
X k m 2 cost c sint F0 cos t (3.26)
Using trigonometric relations, we obtain
X k m 2 cos c sin F0
X k m sin c cos 0
2
(3.27)
and c
tan 1
2
(3.29)
k m
MCT 456 Dynamic Modeling and Simulation Dr. Ahmed Asker 17
Response of a Damped System Under Harmonic Force
The figure shows typical plots of the forcing function and steady-
state) response.
n
k c
F0
; 2 n ; st ; r
m m k n
MCT 456 Dynamic Modeling and Simulation Dr. Ahmed Asker 18
Response of a Damped System Under Harmonic Force
We obtain
X 1 1
(3.30)
st 2
2 2 1/ 2
(1 r ) (2r )
2 2 2
1 2
n n
and
2
1 n 1 2r
tan 2
tan 2
(3.31)
1 r
1
n
Total response
For an underdamped system,
x(t ) X 0e nt cos(d t 0 ) X cos(t ) (3.35)
where
d 1 2 n (3.36)
Hence,
X 0 ( X 0 cos 0 ) ( X 0 sin 0 )
2
2 1/ 2
0.023297 (E.6)
and X 0 sin 0
tan 0 0.0978176
X 0 cos 0
or 0 5.586765 (E.7)
x0 n x0 1 0.05 20
0 tan 1
tan 2.865984 (E.10)
d x0 19.974984
or r 4 r 2 (2 4 2 ) (1 8 2 ) 0 (3.40)
Thus, we obtained
1 n
Q (3.46)
2 2 1
MCT 456 Dynamic Modeling and Simulation Dr. Ahmed Asker 34
Response of a Damped System Under the Harmonic Motion of
the Base
Y k 2 (c ) 2
x p (t ) sin(t 1 )
(k m )
(3.66)
2 2
(c ) 2 1/ 2
c
where 1 tan 1 2
k m
or x p (t ) X sin(t ) (3.67)
where X k 2 (c ) 2
1/ 2
1 (2r ) 2
1/ 2
2
(3.68)
Y (k m 2 ) (c ) 2 (1 r 2 2
) ( 2 r )
mc 3 1 2r 3
and tan 1
2
tan 2
(3.69)
k (k m ) (c) 1 (4 1)r
2 2
rm
1
2
1 8 1
2
1/ 2
Force transmitted:
F k ( x y) c( x y ) mx (3.72)
F m 2 X sin(t ) FT sin(t ) (3.73)
Relative Motion:
The equation of motion can be written as
mz cz kz my m 2Y sin t (3.75)
c 1 2r
and 1 tan 1
2
tan 2
k m 1 r
MCT 456 Dynamic Modeling and Simulation Dr. Ahmed Asker 41
Response of a Damped System Under the Harmonic Motion of
the Base
c
tan 1 2
(3.81)
k M
MCT 456 Dynamic Modeling and Simulation Dr. Ahmed Asker 46
Response of a Damped System Under Rotating Unbalance
By defining
c / cc and cc 2M, n
MX r2
me
(1 r 2 ) 2 (2r ) 2
1/ 2
r 2 H (i ) (3.82)
and
2r
tan 1
2
(3.83)
1 r
4. For 1 2 , MX me , does not attain a
maximum. Its value grows from 0 at r = 0 to 1
at r → ∞ .
MCT 456 Dynamic Modeling and Simulation Dr. Ahmed Asker 49
Response of a Damped System Under Rotating Unbalance