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AFFAIRSCLOUD TODAY
Current Affairs 4 March 2022 : Headlines
NATIONAL AFFAIRS
Field assessment of Swachh Survekshan 2022 launched by MoHUA
On March 1, 2022, the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs (MoHUA) launched the 7th consecutive edition of
Swachh Survekshan (SS) 2022, the world’s largest urban cleanliness survey. It coincides with the celebrations of
the 75th year of India’s independence thus SS 2022 will focus on the theme of Azadi@75 spirit.
ii.Another new indicator ‘Swachh Technology Challenge‘, launched by MoHUA on December 6, 2021, has been
added in SS 2022.
• As part of this challenge, individuals/organizations and start-ups submitted innovative solutions under four
thematic categories, viz. social inclusion; zero dump (solid waste management); plastic waste management;
and transparency through digital enablement, across all ULBs.
iii.For smaller cities, it introduces two population categories under 15K and between 15-25K.
iv.District rankings have also been introduced for the first time.
About Swachh Survekshan:
Launched in 2016 by MoHUA as a competitive framework, it encourages cities to improve the status of urban
sanitation with large scale citizen participation. It creates healthy competition among cities and towns of India.
• The survey was initiated with 73 cities which has grown to 4,320 cities in SS 2021, including 62 Cantonment
Boards.
Recent Related News:
On December 2, 2021, the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs (MoHUA) extended the timeline for the
implementation of the Smart Cities Mission (SCM) for all 100 participating cities to June 2023 due to the COVID-
19 induced slowdown and other factors. The Mission was launched in the year FY2015-16 & set a target of five
years i.e.FY2019-20.
About Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs (MoHUA):
Union Minister– Hardeep Singh Puri (Constituency– Rajya Sabha, Uttar Pradesh)
Minister of State (MoS)– Kaushal Kishore (Constituency– Mohanlalganj, Uttar Pradesh)
WCD Minister Smriti Irani Announces Rs 5 lakh Insurance for OSC Workers & Launched ‘Stree
Manoraksha Project’
As a part of nationwide celebrations of ‘Azadi Ka Amrit Mahotsav’, the Ministry of Women and Child Development
(MoWCD) is celebrating the International Women’s Day week from 1st to 8th March, 2022 which was inaugurated
by Union Minister Smriti Zubin Irani, MoWCD at Vigyan Bhawan in New Delhi, Delhi on March 1, 2022.
• The inaugural event of the week was organised by the MoWCD in collaboration with Bureau of Police
Research and Development (BPR&D) to raise awareness on safety and security of women.
• During the event, an insurance cover of Rs 5 lakh was announced for the workers of One Stop
Centres (OSC), established in 2015 under Nirbhaya fund to provide mental, legal and medical aid to
distressed women.
Key Highlights:
i.Interactive sessions were held by BPR&D and National Institute of Public Cooperation and Child Development
(NIPCCD).
ii.The event highlighted the current developments in the country and the initiatives that have been implemented
through MWCD for the safety, security and enhancing psychological wellbeing of women.
Launch of Stree Manoraksha Project
MoWCD launched the ‘Stree Manoraksha Project’ in collaboration with National Institute of Mental Health and
Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS) in Bengaluru, Karnataka with an aim to improve the mental health of women in
India. The project will focus on building on capacity building of 6000 OSC functionaries on the tools and
techniques as to how to handle the cases of women approaching the OSCs, particularly the women who have
suffered violence and distress with due sensitivity and care.
• In this regard, Minister, WCD launched the advance certificate course for OSC Councilors and also released
the resource material for capacity building of OSC Staff.
• The Training module is carved out by NIMHANS.
MoWCD Collaborated with NALSA
A consultative conclave on capacity building of OSCs was organized in collaboration with NALSA (National Legal
Services Authority). During this, a collaboration of MoWCD with NALSA is announced which build on capacity and
training of OSC functionaries across the country about the legal provisions under law for safety and security of
women, awareness about pro-bono legal assistance to women through NALSA and the Victim Compensation
Scheme, among others.
• The Legal Services Authorities (LSA) Act, 1987 provides for free and competent legal services to the weaker
sections of the society including women and children.
Legal Services provided by Government
i.MoWCD is looking forward for a pilot on ‘Naari Adalat’ with the help of NALSA so that women victims can get
speedy justice.
ii.Nyaya Bandhu (Pro-bono Legal Services) is a programme to link the persons eligible to avail free legal aid under
Section 12 of LSA Act, 1987 with lawyers.
iii.Tele-law programme, provides legal advice to public including persons entitled for free legal aid under Section
12 of LSA Act, 1987, at pre-litigation stage by the Panel Lawyers through 75,000 Common Service Centre (CSC) at
the Panchayats.
MoWCD Collaborated with BPR&D
On this occasion, it has been decided that MoWCD in collaboration with BPR&D will build on capacity building and
training of OSC functionaries to deal with the cases of crimes against women.
• Further, MWCD in collaboration with BPR&D will also initiate self defense training programmes through
NIPCCD.
Recent Related News:
On the recommendations of MoWCD, the Union Cabinet chaired by Prime Minister (PM) of India, Narendra Modi
has given its nod for proposal to bring uniformity in the marriageable age of men and women, thereby, increasing
the legal age of marriage of women from 18 to 21 years.
About Ministry of Women and Child Development (MoWCD):
Union Minister– Smriti Zubin Irani(Constituency- Amethi, Uttar Pradesh)
Minister of State (MoS)– Dr. Munjpara Mahendrabhai Kalubhai (Constituency- Surendranagar, Gujarat)
Govt. approved continuation of 7 sub-schemes under ‘Relief and Rehabilitation of Migrants and
Repatriates’ from 2021-22 to 2025-26
The Government of India approved the proposal for continuation of the seven existing sub schemes under the
Umbrella Scheme “Relief and Rehabilitation of Migrants and Repatriates” for the period 2021-22 to 2025-26
with a total outlay of Rs.1,452 crore.
Key points:
i.The Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA) launched these seven schemes at different points of time.
ii.The scheme will aid and assist the migrants and repatriates to earn a reasonable income and promote their
inclusion in economic activities.
The assistance provided for 7 schemes are –
• Relief and Rehabilitation of displaced families of Pakistan Occupied Areas of Jammu and Kashmir and
Chhamb,
• Relief assistance to Sri Lankan Tamil refugees,
• Relief assistance to Brus lodged in relief camps in Tripura,
• Enhanced relief to 1984 Anti-Sikh Riot Victims,
• Financial Assistance and other facilities to the families of affected civilian victims of terrorist violence
including militancy, insurgency, communal/ Left Wing Extremism violence and cross border firing and
victims of mine/IED blasts on Indian Territory,
• Grants-in-aid to Central Tibetan Relief Committee (CTRC),
• Grants in Aid to Government of West Bengal for infrastructure development in 51 erstwhile Bangladeshi
enclaves in Cooch Behar and resettlement of 922 returnees from erstwhile Indian enclaves in Bangladesh.
About Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA):
Union Minister– Amit Shah(Constituency- Gandhi Nagar, Gujarat)
Minister of State– Ajay Kumar Mishra, Nisith Pramanik,Nityanand Rai
MoD Approves Project Under Make-I and Make-II Categories of Defence Acquisition Procedure
2020
Ministry of Defence (MoD) approves for in-principle projects under Make-I and Make-II categories of Defence
Acquisition Procedure (DAP) 2020. The project is to boost ‘Atma Nirbharta’.
i.The project aims to develop the design capabilities of Indian defence Industry and position India as a design
leader in these technologies.
About The Make-I and Make-II Projects:
i.Defence Procurement Procedure (DPP) -2016 have two subcategories of ‘Make’ Procedure.
ii.Make-I projects are Government funded.
iii.While, Make-II projects are Industry funded.
iv.This is the first time that the Indian Industry has been involved in development of big ticket platforms such as
Light tank and Communication Equipment with Indian security protocols since the launch of industry-friendly
DAP-2020.
Projects Under Make-I:
i.MoD has offered four projects to the Indian Industry for design & development under Make-I category of DAP
2020.
ii.Financial support will be provided to the industry for prototype development of these projects.
iii.Approval In-Principle (AIP) was granted to list of projects by Collegiate Committee of MoD are as follows:
Indian Air Communication Equipment with Indian Security Protocols (Routers, Switches, Encryptors, VoIP
Force Phones and their software)
Indian Air
Force Airborne Electro Optical pod with Ground Based System
Indian Air
Force Airborne Stand-off Jammer
Indian Army Indian Light Tank
Projects Under Make-II:
i.Make-II categories include prototype development of equipment/system/platform or their upgrades or their
sub-systems/sub-assembly/assemblies/components, primarily for import substitution/innovative solutions, for
Agriculture Sector Grew by 11% CAGR during 2015-20:Innovation in India’s Rural Economy
Report
Confederation of Indian Industry (CII) and Bain & Company jointly prepared a report titled ‘Innovation in
India’s Rural Economy: disruptive business models are stimulating inclusive growth in agriculture and
rural finance’ which revealed that agriculture sector grew by 11% Compound Annual Growth
Rate (CAGR) during 2015-20 & the growth of the agriculture sector with highest disruption in terms of
smartphone and internet penetration.
Key Points:
i.The agriculture sector has grown by a CAGR of 11 percent during 2015 -20 with the support of government
and other private sectors initiatives towards physical and digital infrastructure.
• The rural economy contributed nearly half the nation’s overall GDP in 2019–2020 and employs 350 million
people (68 percent of the total workforce).
• Agriculture contributes approximately 37 percent of total rural GDP in 2019–20.
ii.The private equity investment in agri-tech space reached more than 50 percent per annum between 2017
and 2020 that reaches an aggregate of upto Rs. 6600 Crores.
iii.Over the last 5 years, the rural ecosystem has grown over 10 percent per annum and have also shown 30
percent increased growth of rural smartphone and internet penetration.
Growth in digital platform:
i.The number of children with access to smartphones increased by 42 percent between 2018 and 2020 due to
COVID-19 pandemic outbreak and online classes.
ii.Unified Payment Interface (UPI) – Digital payments penetration is increasing, driven by government
interventions like the Payment Infrastructure Development Fund, Digital-first banking models and lowering of
operational costs.
• According to the report, 30 percent of the rural ecosystem is adopting digital payment and digital commerce
solutions to avail agri-financial services.
iii.The Indian government is also paving way for more digital and UPI payments post-demonetisation, along with
digital payment players like Paytm and PhonePe.
Some examples of digital platform for farmers:
i.Ninjacart, a supply-chain platform, built an online marketplace to connect farmers to retailers without any
intermediaries.
• It provides pricing, demand visibility, and payment assurance to drive engagement and support farmers.
ii.Indigo Ag is a platform that delivers services across the agriculture value chain, including agronomy advisory,
quality testing to increase yields, and a marketplace to connect buyers and sellers.
iii.Aadhaar identity number accelerates digital payments and innovations in banking, which improves citizens’
access to cash and credit.
• As of March 2021, about 1.3 billion Indian residents have been issued an Aadhaar identity number.
Growth in microfinance sector:
i.The rural microfinance sector showed a growth in gross loan portfolio of about Rs 1,22,500 crore in December
2019 to Rs 1,46,700 crore in March 2021.
ii.Agri credit has also shown a growth at 10 percent CAGR in the last 5 years, reaching nearly Rs 14 lakh crore in
2019–2020 with Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, and Uttar Pradesh having around 35 percent of agri-credit
business.
Community Involvement:
i.Farmer producer organisations (FPOs) have become critical access points to farmers, and can generate
awareness and support new initiatives.
• Government policies, such as the Model Contract Farming Act, 2018, and initiatives led by private and
nonprofit entities have boosted the formation and development of FPOs.
ii.Access to credit options for farmers are increasing as more rural and agriculture focused players, like Jai Kisan
and Samunnati, connect farmers to financing partners.
• Additionally, government schemes like the Agriculture Infrastructure Fund and Pradhan Mantri MUDRA
Yojana (PMMY) are offering low-interest loans to farmers.
Overview of India’s rural population:
i.Among two-thirds of India’s population in 2019–20, about 60 percent concentrated in 6 states. Uttar Pradesh
has the highest rural population (~18 crore), followed by Bihar (~11 crore), Maharashtra, West Bengal, Madhya
Pradesh and Rajasthan.
ii.Since 2017, the rural workforce has been increasing at a rate of 8 percent to 12 percent per annum in states like
Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, and Bihar.
Contribution towards India’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP):
Sector Contribution (Percentage)
Agriculture 37 %
Trade, hotels, transport, and communication 16 %
Manufacturing 14 %
Recent related news:
In september 2021, the Department of Animal husbandry & Dairying (DAHD) of Ministry of Fisheries, Animal
Husbandry and Dairying (MoF&AHD), signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with Ministry of Rural
Development (MoRD) for rural economic growth where the Self Help Group (SHG) platform will be utilised as a
livestock resource person and primary service provider for the development of the Indian rural economy.
About Confederation of Indian Industry (CII):
Establishment– 1895
Headquarter– New Delhi, Delhi
President – T V Narendran
INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS
Nepal-India signs MoU on supply of Urea and DAP under G2G Agreement
A Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) has been signed between India and Nepal during a virtual ceremony for
long-term supply of Urea and DAP (Di-ammonium Phosphate) fertilizers from India to Nepal under
• SWISS is set to become the world’s first airline to use Solar Aviation fuel (“sun-to-liquid” fuel).
Solar Fuel Facility:
Synhelion is set to build the world’s first facility to industrially produce solar fuel in Jülich, Germany. The plant
will become operational from 2022 onwards.
SWISS will become the first customer of solar kerosene in 2023.
• As per the agreement, SWISS and Lufthansa will also support the commercial fuel production facility of
Synhelion in Spain.
Solar Aviation fuel:
i.SWISS and the Lufthansa Group have concluded a strategic collaboration with Synhelion, Swiss Federal Institute
of Technology (ETH Zurich) spinoff, to bring solar aviation fuel to market.
ii.Synhelion has developed a key technology for manufacturing sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) from renewable
energy sources.
• The process uses concentrated solar heat to manufacture syngas which can then be synthesized into carbon-
neutral kerosene using standard industrial processes.
• This sun to liquid fuel will only produce as much as carbon dioxide as used in to its manufacture.
• This fuel will contribute to effectively decarbonizing air transport.
About Swiss International Air Lines AG(SWISS):
SWISS is Switzerland’s largest airline which is operating one of Europe’s youngest and most fuel-efficient aircraft
fleets.
Chairman– Reto Francioni
• 2022 marks the 75th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations between India and the
Netherlands.
• The Netherlands was one of the first European countries to have bilateral relations with India. The official
relations between India and the Netherlands were established in 1947.
About the logo:
i.The logo features a lotus and a tulip, the national flowers of India and the Netherlands respectively.
ii.The logo has a Chakra in the middle which depicts the bond of friendship between both countries.
iii.The flag colours of both the countries in the logo enhance the existing connections between the people of India
and the people of the Netherlands.
Additional info:
i.As a part of the celebration of the 75th Anniversary, several events and activities are planned in a wide range of
areas of cooperation including water, agriculture, innovation, energy, climate and culture.
ii.As a part of the celebration of the Azadi Ka Amrit Mahotsav, the Netherlands presented 3000 fresh tulips to
India, as a symbol of friendship. The tulips were planted in the gardens of the Jawaharlal Nehru Bhawan,
headquarters office building of the MEA.
About The Netherlands:
Prime Minister– Mark Rutte
Capital– Amsterdam
Currency– Euro
Key highlights:
i.LoanTap’s technology platform ‘LT-Flow’ will help entities to start digital Know Your Customer (KYC), National
Automated Clearing House (NACH) and agreement, along with Artificial Intelligence (AI) powered credit decision
making, to easily operate end to end digital lending.
• It also enables lenders to source, share risk (co-lend), underwrite, plug-in capital, and manage loans.
ii.LoanTap recently launched the Limitless Credit Card and also caters to loans for millennials and young
working professionals.
About LoanTap:
Establishment – 2016
Headquarters – Pune, Maharashtra
Co-founder & CEO – Satyam Kumar
About Arka Fincap Limited:
Establishment – 2018
Headquarters – Mumbai, Maharashtra
Executive Vice Chairman & CEO – Vimal Bhandari
About MAS Financial Services Limited:
Establishment – 1995
Headquarters – Ahmedabad, Gujarat
Chairman & Managing director (MD) – Kamlesh Gandhi
RBI cancels the license of Sarjeraodada Naik Shirala Sahakari Bank Limited, Maharashtra
On 2 March 2022, the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) canceled the license of Sarjeraodada Naik Shirala Sahakari
Bank Ltd of Shirala, Sangli (Maharashtra) due to compliance failure with the regulation under Section 11(1)
,Section 22 (3) (d) and Section 56 Banking Regulation Act 1949.
• The bank is found to lack adequate capital and earning prospects under section 11(1) and section 22(3) (d)
read with section 56 of the Banking Regulation Act, 1949.
Highlights:
i.The Bank is debarred to carry its banking business and operation with effect from 2 March 2022.
ii.The bank is unable to carry acceptance of deposits and repayment of deposits as defined in Section 5(b) and
Section 56 of the Banking Regulation Act, 1949.
iii.The order for winding up the entity and appointment of a liquidator will be passed by the Registrar of
Cooperative Societies of Maharashtra.
iv.According to the provision of Deposit Insurance and Credit Guarantee Corporation (DICGC) Act 1961, every
depositor entitled to receive deposit insurance claims an amount of deposits up to a monetary ceiling of Rs.
5,00,000 on liquidation.
• More than 99 % of the depositors of Sarjeraodada Naik Shirala Sahakari Bank are entitled to receive the
full amount of their deposits from DICGC.
Related information:
In February 2022, the RBI also canceled the license of Independence Co-operative Bank, Nashik (Maharashtra)
as it does not have adequate capital and earning prospects. The bank failed to comply with the requirements of
the Banking Regulation Act, 1949.
About Deposit Insurance and Credit Guarantee Corporation (DICGC):
i.DICGC is one of the wholly owned subsidiaries of the Reserve bank of India (RBI).
ii.It was established under Deposit Insurance and Credit Guarantee Corporation Act, 1961.
Founded- 15 July 1978
Chairman– Dr M D Patra
LICHFL Partners with CSC to Provide Loans through over 4 Lakh VLEs
LIC Housing Finance Limited (LICHFL) and Common Service Centre e-Governance Services India
Limited (CSC) have entered into a strategic partnership to provide loans to citizens through CSC’s network of
over 4 lakh Village Level Entrepreneurs (VLEs).
• Aim – To provide credit to largely unbanked and underbanked borrowers and small entrepreneurs.
About the partnership:
i.Through this partnership, salaried customers can avail a personal loan of up to Rs. 1 lakh from IIFL Finance by
downloading the NIRA app from Google’s Play store.
ii.This will enable NIRA to continue scaling up its business and help IIFL build its unsecured lending book.
• It will also boast a small-ticket short-term digital lending portfolio.
About NIRA:
NIRA is a consumer finance business platform operating pan-India offers loans to borrowers starting at incomes
as low as Rs. 10,000 per month.
Headquarters – Bengaluru, Karnataka
Co-founder & CEO – Rohit sen
About IIFL Finance Limited:
Establishment – 1995
Headquarters – Mumbai, Maharashtra
Chairman – Nirmal Jain
• Bharti AXA Life Insurance is a joint venture of Bharti, India’s leading business groups and AXA, one of the
world’s leading organizations in financial protection and wealth management.
Key points:
i.Vidya Balan as the brand ambassador will help in promoting the #DoTheSmartThing of Bharti AXA Life
Insurance.
ii.She got the National Award for her movie “The Dirty Picture’’ and she is also a recipient of Padma Shri in Arts.
About Bharti AXA Life Insurance:
MD & CEO-Parag Raja
Commenced operation– 2006
Headquarters– Mumbai, Maharashtra
• This will be the 1st year-round Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) terminal which is located at JSW Jaigarh Port in
the Ratnagiri district, MH.
• The Jaigarh port is the 1st deep water, 24×7 operational private port in MH.
About Höegh Giant:
i.Höegh Giant was built in 2017 with storage capacity of 170,000 cubic metres and installed regasification
capacity of 750 million cubic feet per day (that equals to about 6 million tonnes a year).
• The Hoegh Giant, an environment friendly system that is equipped with an open loop system using
seawater as heating medium and is paired with propane closed loop intermediate regasification system.
ii.This will deliver regasified LNG to the 56-km long Jaigarh-Dabhol natural gas pipeline, connecting the LNG
terminal to the national gas grid.
• The facility also includes the delivery of LNG through truck loading facilities for onshore distribution and
also reloads LNG onto small-scale LNG vessels for bunkering services.
About H-Energy:
Headquarters – Mumbai, Maharashtra
Managing Director (MD) & CEO – Darshan Hiranandani
SPORTS
Dubai 2022 World Archery Para Championships: Pooja Jatyan Became 1st Indian to Win
Individual Silver in Para Championships
24-year-old Indian Para Archer, Pooja Jatyan (World Rank 21) won the silver medal in Recurve Women Open at
the Dubai 2022 World Archery Para Championships (13th edition of the World Archery Para Championships),
held at Dubai Club for People of Determination, Dubai, United Arab Emirates(UAE) from 19th to 27th February
2022.
• She became the first Indian to win a silver medal in Individual Category in a Para Championships. Pooja
Jatyan hails from Gurugram, Haryana.
Indian compound para archers Shyam Sundar Swami (World Rank 20) and Jyoti Baliyan (World Rank 28) have
won silver in the compound mixed team event at the 13th World Archery Para Championships.
OBITUARY
Oscar-winning producer Alan Walbridge Ladd Jr passes away
The Oscar winning ‘Braveheart’ producer, Former Executive at Twentieth Century Fox greenlit ‘Star Wars’
and MGM/United Artists, Alan Walbridge Ladd Junior passed away at the age of 84 years.
i.Alan Walbridge Ladd Jr. was born on 22 October 1937 in Los Angeles, California, United States (US). He was
affectionately known as “Laddie”.
ii.He won the Academy Award (Oscar award) for Best Picture ‘Braveheart’ directed by Mel Gibson in 1995.
iii.He was one of the founders of the Ladd Company, established in 1979.
iv.In 1979 he also greenlit Ridley Scott’s classic sci-fi horror film ‘Alien’– which was also made into a franchise
among a few others during his tenure at 20th Century Fox.
Popular movies produced by Alan Walbridge Ladd Junior:
• Outland (1981),
• Night Shift (1982),
• Chariots of Fire (1981),
• The Right Stuff (1983)
• Gone Baby Gone (2007).
IMPORTANT DAYS
World Wildlife Day (WWD) 2022 – March 3
The United Nations(UN)’s World Wildlife Day (WWD) is annually observed across the globe on 3rd March to
celebrate and create awareness about the importance of wild fauna and flora.
The Secretariat of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES),
in collaboration with other relevant UN organizations, facilitates the implementation of World Wildlife Day.
The theme of World Wildlife Day 2022 is “Recovering key species for ecosystem restoration”.
• The 2022 theme highlights the conservation status of some of the most critically endangered species of wild
animals and plants and drives discussions towards solutions to conserve them.
• This is in line with the UN Sustainable Development Goals 1, 2, 12, 13, 14 and 15.
Background:
i.In 2013, Resolution Conf. 16.1 adopted during the 16th meeting of the Conference of the Parties (CoP 16), held
in Bangkok, Thailand, declared the 3rd March of every year, the date of adoption of the Convention on
International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) in 1973, as World Wildlife Day.
ii.The United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) (During the 68th session) adopted the resolution A/C.2/68/L.48
on 20th December 2013 and proclaimed the 3rd March of every year as World Wildlife Day.
iii.The first World Wildlife Day was observed on 3rd March 2014.
CITES:
i.The CITES resolution was sponsored by the Kingdom of Thailand.
CITES plays a major role in ensuring that international trade does not threaten the survival of the species.
• CITES is one of the world’s most powerful tools for biodiversity conservation through the regulation of trade
in wild fauna and flora.
• Members- 184 states
Significance:
i.The 2022 World Wildlife Day focuses on the need to reverse the fate of the most critically endangered species, to
support the restoration of their habitats and ecosystems and to promote their sustainable use by humanity.
ii.World Wildlife Day 2022 also highlights the importance of the UN Decade on Ecosystem Restoration (2021-
2030).
• More than 8,400 species of wild fauna and flora are critically endangered and around 30,000 more are
understood to be endangered or vulnerable. This estimation suggests that more than a million species are
threatened with extinction.
About United Nations(UN):
Secretary-General– António Guterres
Members– 193 Member States
Headquarters– New York, United States of America
Founded in 1945
About United Nations General Assembly (UNGA):
UNGA is the main policy-making organ of the United Nations.
President (76th session)– Abdulla Shahid(Maldives)
• Annually, The World Health Organization(WHO) decides the theme and develops evidence-based advocacy
materials for World Hearing Day.
Background:
i.‘Beijing Declaration’ adopted during the 1st International Conference on Prevention and Rehabilitation of
Hearing Impairment held in Beijing, China in 2007, recommended establishing “International Ear Care Day,” for
promoting global actions on hearing care.
ii.The conference was jointly hosted by the China Rehabilitation Research Centre for Deaf Children (CRRCDC),
Beijing, China Disabled Persons’ Federation (CDPF), Beijing and WHO.
iii.The International Ear Care Day was first held in 2007.
iv.In 2016, the International Ear Care Day was renamed as “World Hearing Day”.
Launches on World Hearing Day 2022:
i.WHO estimates that around 1 billion people aged 12 to 35 years across the globe are at risk of hearing loss due
to sound exposure in recreational settings. To address this WHO as a part of its Make Listening Safe initiative,
developed the “WHO Global Standard For Safe Listening Venues & Events”.
• This provides a common understanding of safe listening in entertainment venues and events.
• The Standard comprises six “features”, which will allow the audience across the globe to enjoy amplified
music with the protection of their hearing.
• The 6 features are; Sound level limit; Monitoring the sound level; Venue acoustics and Sound system design;
Personal hearing protection; Quiet Zones; Provision of training and information.
ii.WHO has also released ‘mSafeListening handbook’ which provides evidence-based message libraries for the
promotion of safe listening behaviours and prevention of hearing loss.
About World Health Organization(WHO):
Director-General– Dr Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus
Headquarters– Geneva, Switzerland
3rd March 2022 marks the observance of the 7th edition of World Birth Defects Day. The first World Birth
Defects Day was observed on 3rd March 2015 with the support of 12 organizations.
The theme of WBDD 2022 is “Many births defects, one voice”.
Birth Defects:
i.Birth defects are structural or functional anomalies like metabolic disorders which occurs during intrauterine
life and can be identified during pregnancy, at birth, or after birth.
ii.Birth defects are one of the important causes of new-born and childhood deaths, chronic illness and disability.
iii.It is estimated that globally more than 303000 new-borns die every year, due to birth defects and around
90000 deaths occur in South-East Asia.
iv.Every year, about 3-6% of infants worldwide are born with a serious birth defect. This means that life-altering
conditions such as spina bifida and congenital heart defects affect millions of babies and families.
Efforts of WHO:
i.In 2010, following the World Health Assembly(WHA) Resolution on birth defects, the World Health
Organization(WHO) Regional Office of South-East Asia (WHO-SEARO) initiated a holistic initiative on birth defects
in collaboration with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC-USA) in 2011-2012.
ii.WHO has also supported 9 countries of the South Asian region to prepare national plans on birth defects
prevention and control.
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