Weisz György-Speak Simply B2!-Angol Szóbeli Érettségire És Nyelvvizsgár

Weisz György
^Rmjszóbeli érettségire és nyelvv
0 Vita és érvelés
y Képleírás és tém a k ife jtés
KÖZÖS L
EURÓPAI
REFERENCIA-
KERET
iik ü p ly lü k !
á l i i l J jJ y l¥ A l
• Szerző:
Weisz György
• Lektor:
Dr. Bukta Katalin
• Anyanyelvi lektor:
Dr. Jeremy P arro tt
• Illusztrációk:
Falcione Sarolta
• Képek:
N em zetközi képügynökségek
• Első kiadás, változatlan utánnyomás, 2012

• Kiadói kód: MX-319
• Kerettanterv: 17/2004 (V.20.), 3-as számú melléklet
• Szerkesztő: Nemcsók Adrienn
• Tömeg: 411 g
• Terjedelem: 228 oldal (20,38 ív)
Kiadja: Maxim Könyvkiadó Kft., 6728 Szeged, Kollégiumi út 11/H

E-mail: info@maxim.co.hu
Telefon: (62) 548 444
Fax: (62) 548 443
Felelős kiadó: Puskás Norbert
Műszaki szerkesztő: Siklós Róbert, Szekretár Attila
Nyomda: Generál Nyomda Kft., felelős vezető: Hunya Ágnes
Minden jog fenntartva, beleértve a sokszorosítást, a mű bővített,

illetve rövidített változata kiadásának jogát is. A kiadó írásbeli
engedélye nélkül sem a teljes mű, sem annak része semmilyen
formában nem sokszorosítható.
ISBN 978 963 261 127 3
© Copyright Maxim Kiadó, Szeged

Í£> ÍJ p p a ií
i’ilJ b az íi & }jjy//
Kiadványunk olyan feladatgyűjtemény, amely segíti a felkészülést a Magyarországon akkreditált,

azaz államilag elismert B2 szintű szóbeli angol nyelvvizsgákra.
Ebben a kötetben három vizsgarendszer, az emelt szintű érettségi, illetve a B2 szintű ECL és tele
nyelvviszga beszédkészséget mérő feladatai fordulnak elő. A húsz fejezet mindegyike egy-egy
témakört dolgoz fel egy-egy teljes ECL és tele beszédkészség feladatsoron keresztül. A vizsga-
feladatokat a felkészülést segítő feladatok egészítik ki.
Elsősorban azoknak szerkesztettük, akik nyelvvizsgára készülnek akár egyénileg, akár párban
vagy csoportban.
Milyen problémák okozzák gyakran a vizsga sikertelenségét és milyen problémák megelőzésére

vagy kezelésére alkalmas ez a kötet?
A szóbeli vizsgáztatók gyakran szembesülnek azzal a helyzettel, hogy a vizsgázónak valószínűleg

megvan ugyan a megfelelő nyelvi szintje, mégsem képes a vizsgán bizonyságát adni tudásának.
Ennek különböző okai lehetnek, pl. váratlanul éri őket a konkrét feladat, még nem próbálták
az adott feladattípust, nincsenek tisztában az elvárásokkal, nem rendelkeznek a megfelelő
vizsgastratégiával, vagy egyszerűen csak nem tudják, miről is lehetne beszélni.
Az egyes vizsgatémák feldolgozását gazdag és változatos Szöveg- és képanyag teszi még élveze
tesebbé. A fejezetek elején található, sokszor szándékosan provokatív idézetek célja a gondolat
ébresztés és az önálló vélemény formálása.
Az alábbi táblázatban az emelt szintű érettségi, valamint a B2 szintű tele és ECL szóbeli vizsga
feladattípusait foglaljuk össze. Az emelt szintű érettségin és a tele szóbeli vizsgán három-három,
míg az ECL vizsgán két értékelt feladat alapján alakul ki az elért pontszám. Az emelt szintű
érettségin egyszerre egy vizsgázó vesz részt és az egyik vizsgáztatóval beszélget, míg a tele és az
ECL vizsgán egyszerre két-két vizsgázó beszélget egymással, kivéve az ECL 3. feladatát.
Emelt szintű érettségi - tele - páros vizsga ECL - páros vizsga
egyéni vizsga
Bemelegítő beszélgetés: Bemelegítő beszélgetés:

nem értékelt feladat. kapcsolatfelvétel a másik
vizsgázóval - nem értékelt feladat.
1. Társalgási feladat: 1. Prezentáció: egy téma önálló 1. Bemelegítő beszélgetés:
egy témakör részletes bemutatása, illetve a másik vizsgázó kapcsolatfelvétel a másik
megbeszélése kérdések prezentációjához egy kérdés vizsgázóval vagy a másik vizsgázó
segítségével. feltevése. bemutatása - nem értékelt feladat.
2. Vita: adott 2. Véleménykifejtés: a vizsgázók 2. Véleménycsere, vita és érvelés
témakörhöz kapcsolódó olvasott szöveg alapján kifejtik a másik vizsgázóval egy állítás
provokatív állítás véleményüket és reagálnak a másik alapján.
megvitatása a vizsgázó véleményére.
vizsgáztatóval.
3. Önálló témakifejtés 3. Konszenzuskeresés (szituáció): 3. Önálló témakifejtés (egymás
vizuális segédanyagok a vizsgázók megpróbálnak után) vizuális segédanyagok alapján.
alapján: képek, rajzok megegyezésre jutni egy döntési
vagy grafikonok helyzetben.
összevetése, szükség
esetén segítő kérdések
alkalmazásával.
A vizsgáztató célja, hogy lehetőséget teremtsen a vizsgázó számára megszerzett tudásának

bizonyítására, szóbeli kommunikációs készségeinek bemutatására, valamint hogy meggyőződjön
ezek meglétéről és megfelelő szintjéről.
A vizsgázó célja, hogy a rendelkezésére álló időn belül meggyőzze a vizsgáztatót tudásáról,
szóbeli kommunikációs készségéről. Ebből következik a sikeres vizsgastratégia is. Ha esetleg
eldöntendő kérdést kap a vizsgázó akár a vizsgáztatótól, akár a másik vizsgázótól, vagy olyan
kérdést, amely egy-két szóval is megválaszolható, a választ lehetőleg akkor is ki kell fejteni, hiszen
csak így jön létre értékelhető nyelvhasználat.
Példák a rossz stratégiára:
Eldöntendő kérdés esetén:

A Do you think we should buy her a book?
B Yes.
Kiegészítendő kérdés esetén:
A How do you usually get to school or work?
B By bús.
B vizsgázó, bár a beszédhelyzetnek esetleg megfelel a válasza, nem mutatott értékelhető

nyelvhasználatot és értékes másodperceket vesztett a vizsga idejéből.
■D
Példák a helyes stratégiára:
Eldöntendő kérdés esetén:

A Do you think we should buy her a book?
B I think this is an excellent idea. She has always liked reading.
Kiegészítendő kérdés esetén:
A How do you usually get to school or work?
B I usually take the bús because the school ’s a long way away.
A vizsgáztató csak azzal tudja segíteni a vizsgázót, hogy lehetőségeket teremt a vizsgázó szóbeli
megnyilvánulásai számára az adott témakörben. A vizsgázónak meg kell ragadnia ezeket a
lehetőségeket még akkor is, ha ezáltal nem feltétlenül ragaszkodik maximálisan a valósághoz.
Példa a rossz stratégiára:

A What do you like watching on television?
B I don’t like television.
Példa a helyes stratégiára:

A What do you like watching on television?
B I don’t really like television, bút I sometimes watch sports programmes, especially when the
Hungárián national team plays in a big competition such as the Olympics.
A képleírást célszerű úgy kezdeni, mintha ezekre a kérdésekre válaszolnánk:

Who can you see in the picture?
Where is the person?
What is (s)he doing?
What (else) is happening?
What do you think about the people and their situations?
Who could they be?
How do you think they feel?
í\ k ü u y y /ajazsiaiiials laJápfiáüa
Minden akkreditált vizsgarendszer ugyanazon elvek szerint méri a vizsgázók készségeit,

ugyanazokban a témakörökben. A készségeket, ismereteket és témaköröket a Közös Európai
Referenciakeret határozza meg. A különbség a feladatok szerkesztésében, formájában, a vizsga
lebonyolításának módjában van. Ebből következik, hogy az e könyvben bemutatott vizsgákon
ugyanazt az „anyagot” kell tudni. A fejezetek ezekre a vizsgákon előforduló témakörökre épülnek.
Hogy egy téma minél több tartalmi és nyelvi megközelítésben megjelenhessen az adott fejezetben,
a feladatok úgy épülnek egymásra, hogy ugyanaz a részkérdés lehetőleg ne ismétlődjék a különböző
vizsgatípusok feladataiban.
A fejezeteket egy-egy mottó nyitja, híres emberek szórakoztató vagy elgondolkodtató mondá
sai, amelyek gondolatébresztőként szolgálnak a témában. A mottóval lehet egyetérteni vagy vitat
kozni, elfogadni vagy elutasítani. Már ezen a ponton érdemes két-három mondatban megfogal
mazni, hogy miért tűnik elfogadhatónak vagy épp elfogadhatatlannak a mondás tartalma.
Speaks
A mottó után következő szöveg a tele 2. vizsgafeladatának alapja, de egyben ötlettár is
(„Miről is beszéljek?”), és természetesen fontos szerepe van a szókincsbővítésben. Ugyancsak a
ráhangolódást, a saját tapasztalatok, ismeretek, vélemények felszínre hozását segítik a szöveg után
található képek.
Atelc három vizsgafeladata következik. Az 1. vizsgafeladat (tele Part 1) személyes tapasztalatok,
élmények összegzése és önálló bemutatása. A2. vizsgafeladat (tele Part 2) gyakorlatilag megegyezik
az emelt szintű érettségi és az ECL 2. vizsgafeladatával. Gyakorlására az ECL részben a Task 2.
alkalmas, valamint szükségesek a Useful Expressions részben összegyűjtött kifejezések. A 3. tele
vizsgafeladat a beszédszándékokat helyezi előtérbe: a szükséges nyelvi eszközök közül különösen
fontos itt a Useful Expressions rész Advice, suggestions szakasza.
A2. ECL vizsgafeladat (az értékelt feladatok közül az első) kidolgozását önálló véleményformálás
készíti elő, amit párosítást igénylő feladat egészít ki. A feladatnak egyes fejezetekben több lehetséges
megoldása is van. Lényege nem is „a megoldás”, hanem a feladatban szereplő érvek tartalmi és
nyelvi értelmezése. Szándékosan nem szerepeltettük a feladatban a véleményt, egyetértést és egyet
nem értést bevezető és kifejező nyelvi eszközöket, hogy ez által is az érvek tartalmára helyezzük
a hangsúlyt. A vizsgafeladat végrehajtásakor azonban ezeknek is jelentős szerep jut, a Useful
Expressions kifejezésgyűjteménye tehát itt is szükséges lesz. A 2. ECL vizsgafeladat nagyrészt
azonos az emelt szintű érettségi 2. és részben a tele 2. vizsgafeladatával. A tele esetében a vita alapját
nem egyetlen állítás, hanem egy hosszabb szöveg (ld. a fejezetek első oldalát) képezi.
A 3. ECL vizsgafeladat képleírás és önálló témakifejtés. Az önálló témakifejtést tekintve
azonos az emelt szintű érettségi 3. feladatával, a kérdések és elvárt válaszok pedig az emelt szintű
érettségi 1. feladatával egyeznek meg. A vizsgafeladat kidolgozása néhány indító kérdés és képek
alapján, saját ötletekkel és jegyzetkészítéssel kezdődik, amit egy ajánlott vázlat követ. A tartalmi
és nyelvi részletekre irányítja a figyelmet a következő, párosítást tartalmazó feladat. A lehetséges
vizsgakérdéseket kell társítani azzal a kifejezéscsoporttal, amely leginkább használható a
kérdés megválaszolásában. Nem a feladat betanítása, illetve betanulása a cél, hanem tartalmi és
nyelvi ötletek felvonultatása és azok önálló alkalmazása, ezért a válaszok nem teljes mondatok
formájában jelennek meg. A megadott témák segítségével a vizsgára készülőnek kell mondatokat,
a mondatokból pedig összefüggő szöveget létrehoznia. Erre a feladattípusra is érvényes, hogy a
lehetőségek korlátlanok.
A betűrendes szószedet (Vocabulary) - bár a fejezetek végén található - már a fejezet elejétől
jól használható. Néhány kivételtől eltekintve, a szövegekben és feladatokban található szókincs
azon része került a szószedetbe, amely eléri vagy meghaladja a B1 szintet. Tehát a szószedet
önmagában nem tartalmaz minden, az adott témában szükséges szót vagy kifejezést. Az angol szó
vagy kifejezés után zárójelben található a szófaji megjelölés: v - verb - ige, n - noun - főnév, adj
- adjective - melléknév, adv - adverb —határozószó.
Mint minden készség, így a beszédkészség is csak megfelelő mennyiségű gyakorlás során
alakul ki és fejlődik a kívánt szintre. Ahogy nem elég elképzelni a síelést vagy a szövegszerkesztést
ahhoz, hogy sikeresek legyünk benne, úgy az idegen nyelv esetén is ténylegesen ki kell próbálni
a konkrét feladatokat. Minden leendő vizsgázónak ajánljuk, hogy a felkészülés során több
alkalommal partnerrel együtt, hangosan beszélve gyakoroljon, vagy - ha nincs tanulópartner -
készítsen hangfelvételt saját magáról diktafonnal vagy számítógéppel.
Hasznos felkészülést és sikeres vizsgázást kíván
a Szerző
■D
ÉRETTSÉGI
BIZONYÍTVÁNY
E m elt szintű é re tts é g i - Part 1

D esign er labels a n d b ra n d e d clothes are costly, b ú t fash ion is a w a y to express yo u r
in d iv id u a l p ers o n a lity so it's w o rth spen din g m o n e y on. Do you agree? G ive yo u r reasons.
M o s t subcultures d e fin e th e m s e lv e s th ro u g h d o th in g . W h a t subcultures are th e re in
H ungary? W h a t clothes and accessories are characteristic o f them ?
Som é p e o p le say com pu lsory school u niform s should be b ro u g h t back. W h a t do you
think?
W h a t te e n a g e r w e a r is o fte n a source o f con flict in th e fa m ily . Should p arents le t children
w e a r w h a te v e r th e y w ant?
Em elt szintű é re tts é g i - Part 2

T he m o re presents th e re are u n d er th e Christm as tre e , th e h a p p ie r th e fa m ily .
You w ill h ave a conversatio n w ith y o u r e x a m in e r a b o u t th e a b o v e s ta te m e n t. G ive y o u r o p in io n
an d a rg u e fó r o r ag a in s t th e p ro p o sitio n . Y o ur e x a m in e r w ill som etim es c o n tra d ic t you. React to
th e c o u n te r-a rg u m e n ts o f y o u r e x a m in e r, to o . You h av e 3 0 seconds to th in k y o u r p oints over.
Em elt szintű é re tts é g i - Part 3

These tw o p ictures show sp o rtin g scenes. Look a t th e pictures and ta lk a b o u t th e con nection
b e tw e e n th e tw o pictures. W h e n you h ave fin ish ed ta lk in g th e e x a m in e r m a y ask som é m o re
questions.
tele
LANGUAGE TESTS
tele Part 1 - P resen tatio n

You are e x p e c ted to g iv e a sho rt p re s e n ta tio n to y o u r p artn er(s) on o n e o f th e fo llo w in g topics.
(The p ro m p ts in brackets m a y h elp you .) Y o ur p re s e n ta tio n should ta k e a b o u t 90 seconds and
you should a n s w e r y o u r p artn er's q uestions a fte rw a rd s .
W h ile y o u r p a rtn e r is g iv in g h is /h e r p re s e n ta tio n , listen and th in k o f th e q uestions you w o u ld
like to a s k .
You should n ő t in te rru p t y o u r p a rtn e r d u rin g h er/h is p re s e n ta tio n .
A concert you have reeently been to.

OR
A performance in the theatre you would like to recommend.
tele Part 2 - G iving o p in io n

Read th e te x t b elo w . Discuss th e c o n te n t o f th e te x t w ith y o u r p a rtn e r. Teli h e r/h im y o u r o p inio n
g ivin g reasons and personal exam p les to s u p p o rt y o u r ideas. T alk a b o u t y o u r o w n e xperien ce
w ith th e p ro b le m s m e n tio n e d a n d possible solutions.
A degree does nőt always lead to greater happiness

A new study has found that completing a university degree leads to lower levels of happiness
compared to those undertaking an apprenticeship or traineeship. The study, by Curtin Business
School Associate Professor Mike Dockery, challenges conventional thinking on the value of
higher education. “This is a complete paradox. It is usually accepted that education enriches
people’s lives and increases personal happiness,” he said. “The study found that university
graduates were happier at school and while they were at university bút after completing
their degree their happiness declined. They were still happy, bút no more so than their peers
who did no study beyond Year 12. This is despite the fact that they generally face better job
prospects and eam higher wages once they start working. In contrast, an apprenticeship or
traineeship has a positive impact on happiness during the training period, with happiness
continuing after completion.”
tele Part 3 - Consensus

You a n d y o u r p a rtn e r h ave d ecid ed to in v ite a c e le b rity /c e le b ritie s to y o u r school's Role M o d e l
Club. Consider a n d discuss th e d etails (w h o to in v ite , w h y , w ill th e s tu d en ts like th e m ? ) Teli y o u r
p a rtn e r y o u r ideas and try to com e to an a g re e m e n t.
■ El
ECL Part 1 - In tro d u c tio n
In this p a rt stu d en ts a re asked to in tro d u c e th e m s e lv e s a n d exch a n g e personal in fo rm a tio n .
This task is fór warm-up only and it will nőt be assessed.

Introduce yourself to your partner and fmd out about him/her.
ECL Part 2 - G uided conversation

Do you a g re e o r d isag ree w ith th e fo llo w in g opinion? Use reasons and exam p le s to s u p p o rt yo u r
o p in io n . C o nd uct a d e b a te w ith y o u r p a rtn e r a b o u t th e s ta te m e n t.
W h e n y o u n g p e o p le choose a fu tu re career, th e m o st im p o rta n t th in g th e y should consider is
h o w m uch m o n e y th e y can m a k e in th e chosen profession.
ECL Part 3 - Picture d eserip tion
Possible questions:
What different means of transport (public and priváté) are there in cities?
What are their advantages and disadvantages?
Why are people encouraged to use public transport instead of their cars in most cities?
♦ How can passengers pay fór public transport in your area?
♦ What could be done to improve transport in your area?
How do different weather conditions influence transport in towns and cities?
DB
D aacrJúíJiy í>te:ura3
in the foreground looks
a sort of in the background.
look as if in the middle of
look like behind
right/left of in the picture/photo
a type of 1 can see somebody walking...
a kind of There is/are people waiting...
Aüisjjjy s u t, yivm y -jjjd /a /u s íjjy p sm i& sta jj, raijuasí-; íuiií ra-jpyji-ja-i
Could/Can I/we..., please? Would you mind teliing us...?

U ü aJilJ i ij W ií á iŰ U iJ :
Do you think I could...? Certainly.
Can I possibly...? I’m afraid...
Is it OK/alright if i...? Yes, of course.
Would it be alright i f i opened...? I’m sorry, bút...
OK. Well, we can...
How about -ing If I were you I’d...
I advise you to... lt'd be a good idea if you.
Let’s... Y'ou must...
What about ~ing You mustn’t...

Wouldn’t it be a good idea to.. You ought to..
V ___________________ ____________
Would it be a good idea to...? You should...
You could. You shouldn’t...
A y ra a jjiy , • íb u y r a a jjjy
Absolutely. I suppose (so ),... b ú t...
Don’t exaggerate. I totallv agree/disagree with you.
I agree. [’m nőt so sure.
I don’t agree. I'm against...
1 don't think so. I’m in favour of..
Nonsense! That’s nőt true.
Nőt necessarilv. That’s true.
I D
Nőt reallv. Well, you may be right, bút.
Oh, come off it! You’re dead right.
OK, bút... You’re right, bút.
Perhaps, bút... You've got a point there.
J jjiy r r u 'jijjiy
Can I interrupt a moment? I’d just like to say...
Excuse me. Can I say something? I’m sorry. I’d like to say something.
This is Ken. / Ken speaking. Can you hold the line? Can you hold on
a moment?
Excuse me, who is this? I'm afraid ... is nőt available at the
moment.
Who is calling, please? The line is busy... (when the extension
requested is being used)
Mr Jackson isn't in... Mr Jackson is out

at the moment...
V_______________________________ /
Could I speak to...? Could (Can, May) I take a message?
Is Jack in? Could (Can, May) I teli him who is

calling?
I'll pút you through. (pút through

phrasal verb meaning 'connect') Would you like to leave a message?
generál: quite like, like, lőve, haté, can’t particular: ’d like, ’d lőve, ’d haté, ’d
stand, prefer doing something prefer to do something
L t e iiu y id a u s
first,..., another thing is ... in addition
I O
G lvíjjy aa&tiapJaö
especially fór example
particularly
[ ypluiyjjá, uüIsJjiy sut y pliii um
r > r ' ......... ............ ................... \

Don’t you think...? In my opinion...
V J
r
Fór me,... It’s..., isn’t it?
V L .............. j
I don’t think... / 1 think... Personally, I think...

V - .. ___
DB
C u n i r u s i 'i i i i ) I d a - j *
although on the one hand,... on the other hand,...
bút in spite of
however despite
fór example / such as basicallv
■ 1 9
'J / J V u i / a J a m i
"The civilized mari has built a coach, bút has lost the use ofhis feet."
Ralph Waldo Emerson, Self-Reliance
Cycling in New York

Fór the eighth straight year, bicycling has proven to be the fastest way to get to work in New
York City, judging from the results of the annual Great NYC Commuter Race.
The race, held this year on May 21 and organized by a bicycling advocacy group called
Transportation Altematives, started in Sunnyside and ended at Columbus Circle in Manhattan.
There were three contestants: a bicyclist, a subway rider and a taxi passenger.
Rachel Myers, the cyclist, fmished the race in 20 minutes and 15 seconds - which was 15
minutes faster than Dán Hendrick, who rode the subway, and nearly half an hour faster than
Willie Thompson, who took a cab.
A s soon as I saw all the traffic backed up on the Queensboro Bridge, I knew this wasn’t going
to be a fair fíght,’ Myers said. 'I actually was able to finish a cup of coffee before anyone else
made it to the finish line.'
The purpose of the race is to 'highlight the time competitiveness of taking a bike,1according
to Wiley Norvell, a spokesman fór Transportation Altematives.
'We picked a route that we think gives everybody a fair shot,' Norvell said, adding that this
year's bike contestant travelled at a pace that is representative of the speed bicyclists usually
ride on New York City streets.
tele Part 1 - P resen tation
You are expected to give a short presentation to your partner(s) on one of the following topics.
(The prompts in brackets may help you.) Your presentation should take about 90 seconds and
you should answer your partner's questions afterwards.
While your partner is giving his/her presentation, listen and think of the questions you would
like to ask.
You should nőt interrupt your partner during her/his presentation.
How do you and people in your family/other people you know get to work/school (means of
transport, time, convenience, costs, etc.)? .
OR
How would you improve (public) transport in your area?

Read the text on the previous page. Discuss the content of the text with your partner.
Teli her/him your opinion: give reasons and personal examples to support your ideas. Talk about
your own experience with the problems mentioned and possible solutions.
t e lc P a r t 3 - C o n s e n s u s
You and your partner are going to spend a month in London working in a restaurant. Should
you stay in the centre or somewhere away? Consider the transport issues. Teli your partner your
ideas and try to agree on where to look.

In this part students are asked to introduce themselves and exchange personal information.

Talk about the topic based on the pictures.
Speak sím
Som é p e o p le b elie v e th a t all m o to r tra ffic should be b an n e d fro m city centres. O thers b e lie v e th a t
m o re p ark in g spaces should be b u ilt in th e c e n tre o f cities. W hich p osition do you support? Give
reasons fó r y o u r a nsw er. C o nduct a d e b a te w ith y o u r p a rtn e r a b o u t th e fo llo w in g s ta te m e n t.
"All motor traffic should be banned from city centres."
I absolutely agree. These days traffic in city centres is simply too

heavy. There are jams almost all day long and the nőise and pollution are
unbearable.
Well, I think you’re right, bút how could we live without cars and buses in
a city where everything is miles away?
Task 1
T h in k o f fu r th e r a rg u m e n ts fó r a n d a g a in s t th e s ta te m e n t and w rite th e m in th e ta b le .
Fór Against
<=>
* *
* <=> *
Task 2
C o m p le te th e ta b le w ith th e s e a rg u m e n ts . T h e y are NŐT in th e correct ord er.
1 Cars stuck in traffic jams hold up public transport vehicles which carry thousands of people
who are then laté fór work or school.
2 If lorries are alsó banned, it’ll be slower and more expensive to carry goods to the shops, so
prices will be higher, too.
3 Motorists parking their cars illegally should be fmed and new parking lots should be built
with the money.
4 People sitting in their cars all the time instead of walking or cycling don’t get enough
exercise.
l ö
5 Public transport vehicles are already packed in the rush hour. With even more passengers
they’d be absolutely overcrowded.
6 This is true fór old cars in bad condition, bút modem engines are environmentally friendly.
7 Traffic is so heavy that it’s more and more dangerous to walk or cycle in the centre.
The exhaust finnes from all the huge __________________________________

lorries and motor cars are bad fór our <=> __________________________________
health.
__________________________________ Cycle lanes and pedestrian areas can

__________________________________ <=> solve this problem and cyclists must wear
__________________________________ protective gear.
With so many vehicles around, it is

practically impossible to fínd a parking
•t=>
space so motorists park their cars illegally
everywhere.
Cycling or walking isn’t very healthy,

^ either, if you breathe in polluted air.
Motorists should change to public

transport. Trams and trolley-buses or the
<=>
underground are much more environment-
friendly.
Cities should build wider roads where

public transport could have separate
lanes.
If cars and lorries are banned, the city

centre will be a quiet and pleasant piacé <=>
fór a walk or shopping.
I TíiJJsí«y n b 'j'ji u ry p j: b usád ujj p te íu ra:
T ríjyaJJÍjjy
Describe th e pictures a n d th e n ta lk a b o u t th e to p ic th e y illu s tra te . In d u d e th e fo llo w in g points:

W h y do p eo p le travel? W h a t d iffe re n t purposes can you th in k of?
W hich are th e m o st p o p u la r m eans o f tra n s p o rt th e s e days? W hich d o /w o u ld you prefer?
* W h a t are th e a d v a n ta g es and d isad van tag es o f each?
W h a t personal experiences h ave you got?
Task 1
P repare to ta lk a b o u t th e to p ic a t le n g th , fó r a b o u t 6 -8 m in utes. M a k e notes as you are p re p a rin g .
A rra n g e y o u r th o u g h ts in a logical w ay.
Task 2
C o m p are y o u r notes w ith th e fo llo w in g suggestions.
Describe the pictures

Different reasons fór travelling
2
_L JJJj,u í/íj J u jiil iiiü iiíjJiJj‘1
Arrangements and preparations fór a journey by train, pláne, cár

The things you need
Advantages and disadvantages of each means of travelling
Your best and worst experiences when travelling
Task 3
Match the following questions and the phrases. Use the phrases to make complete sentences.
Give your answers in several sentences.
1 How do you prepare fór a journey by pláne? What arrangements might be necessary?
2 How do you prepare fór a journey by train? Whatarrangements might be necessary?
3 How do you prepare fór a longer journey by cár? What arrangements might be necessary?
4 What are somé of the drawbacks of flying?
5 What disadvantages of travelling by train can you think of?
6 Why do so many people choose to travel by air?
7 What do you need to get before you set off?
8 What problems do we face when we travel by cár?
9 What’s good about travelling by cár?
10 Why do people travel?
11 Why do somé people prefer travelling by train?
on holiday / on business
visit friends or relatives
get a job / do Science
take part in/attend meetings/conferences
arrange official matters
check departure / arrival times

book a ticket / make a seat reservation
smoking / non-smoking compartment
pack suitcase
choose a suitable flight

ordinary or discount airlines
tourist eláss / first eláss
reserve and pay fór ticket
travel agency or the internet
pay cash or by credit card
take the cár to the garage

have it thoroughly checked / fill it up with petrol
make sure your insurance is valid
Q l
passport, visa to somé countries / identity card to EU
cár insurance
health/luggage insurance
currency / credit card
map or GPS / guide-book / dictionary
personal belongings
more comfortable than pláne or cár

more space / can stand up and walk around
look at the landscape and towns/villages, nőt just clouds or motorways
afraid of flying / feel sick in cár
trains nőt at suitable times

nőt door-to-door
journey might take a long time, boring
often nőt very clean / common delays / must bear other people
fastest way fór long distances

statistics say it’s safe
exciting
can be relatively cheap with discount airlines
accidents often fatal, somé people are afraid

lots of uncertainty: weather, strikes, flight cancelled
long queues at check-in
luggage gets lost
strict rules about luggage and hand-baggage
door-to-door from home to destination / no timetable

take a break when you want / choose your own route
cheap if cár is full / no other passengers
break down in the middle of nowhere / might get involved in an accident

journey can take very long / congestions at borders
traffic jams on motorways / quite uncomfortable afiter a while
unpredictable weather conditionS
f i p p m __________________
W \ í V'JZ-ib'jVút'j
\\1 M
(air) cabin/flight attendant (n) [ea(r) 'kaebin/flait a'tendant] légi utaskísérő

aisle/window seat (n) [a il/'w in d a u si:t] folyosó/ablak melletti ülés
area (n) [’earia] zóna, környék, terület
arrange (v) [a'reindg]] elintéz, megszervez
baggage reclaim (n) ['baegxd3 ri'kle im ] poggyászkiadás
bán (v) [baen] be-/kitilt
bike lane (n) [baik lein] kerékpársáv, kerékpárút
boarding card/pass (n) ['baidit] ka:d/pa:s] beszálló kártya
book a ticket (v) [búk a 'tik it] jegyet vesz/foglal
bordér Crossing (n) ['bD:ds(r) 'krosir]] határátkelés, határátkelő
break down (v) [breik davn] elromlik, lerobban
cár insurance (n) [ka:(r) in'Juarans] autóbiztosítás
carriage (n) ['kaerid3] kocsi
change trains (v) [tje in d 3 treinz] átszáll
check-in (n) ft/e k in ] jegykezelés
coach (n) [kautj] távolsági autóbusz
commute (v) [ka'm juit] ingázik
compartment (n) [ksm'pcntmsnt] fülke
congestion (n) [kan'dsest/an] torlódás
crash (n) [kraejl nekiütközik
credit card (n) ['kred it ka:d] hitelkártya
currency (n) [' k A r a n s i] valuta, külföldi pénznem
delay (n) [d i'le i] késés
departure/arrival (times) (n) [d i'p a itj a(r)/a'raivl] indulás(i)/érkezés(i) (idő)
destination (n) [,desti'neijn] úti cél, célállomás
dining/restaurant cár (n) [daim n/'re stron t ka:(r)] étkezőkocsi
discount/low-cost airlines (n) ['diska u nt/la u kost 'ealainz] fapados légitársaság(ok)
distance (n) [’distans] távolság
door-to-door (adj) [dDi(r) t 9 dDi(r)] háztól házig
environment-friendly (adj) [in'vairanm ant 'frendli] környezetbarát
exhaust fumes (n) [ig'zDist fju:m z] kipufogógázok
feel sick/airsick (v) [fiil sik/'easik] rosszul érzi magát,
hányingere van
Speak sj
fíll up (v) [fii] feltölt
fme (n, v) [fain] bírság, megbírságol
flight (n) [fiait] járat, repülés
garage (n) ['ga2ra :3/ 'gaerid3] szervizjavítóműhely
gate (n) [geit] (beszálló) kapu
get off a bús, tram (v) [get] leszáll buszról, villamosról
get on a bús, tram (v) [get] felszáll buszra, villamosra
go by bus/train/plane/car (v) [gau] busszal, vonattal, repülővel,
autóval megy/utazik
go on foot, walk (v) [gau Dn fut], [wD:k] gyalog megy
go through passport control (v) [gau 0rui 'pa:spD:t kan'traul] átmegy az útlevél
ellenőrzésen
have an accident (v) [haev an 'seksidant] balesetet szenved
have sth checked (v) [haev], [tjekt] ellenőriztet vmit
health/luggage insurance (n) [hel0/'lAgid3 in'/uarans] baleset-/poggyászbiztosítás
heavy traffic (n) ['hevi 'trafik] nagy forgalom
helmet (n) ['helmit] sisak, bukósisak
highway code (n) ['haiwei kaud] KRESZ
ID card (n) [,ai ’di: ka:d] személyi igazolvány
journey (n) [’d33:ni] út, utazás
land (v) [laend] leszáll, földet ér
landscape (n) ['laendskeip] táj
lane (n) [lein] sáv
lorry (BrE) (n) ['lóri] teherautó, kamion
luggage, baggage (n) ['lAgid3, 'baegid3] poggyász
make a reservation (v) [meik a ,reza'vei/n] helyet foglal, helyjegyet
vesz
means of transport (n) [mi:nz av 'transpDit] közlekedési eszköz
miss the bus/flight/train (v) [mis öa bA s/flait/trein] lekési a buszt, repülőt,
vonatot
motorcyclist (n) ['m autasaiklist] motoros
motorist (n) [’m autarist] autós (!)
motorway (n) ['mautawei] autópálya
overcrowded (adj) [.auva'kraudid] túlzsúfolt
overhead compartment/locker [.auva'hed kam 'paitm ant/ csomagtartó
(n) 'lüka(r)]
1 0
pack a suitcase (v) [paek a 'suitkeis] becsomagolja a bőröndöt
passenger (n) ['paesind39(r)] utas
pay one’s faré (v) [pei], [fea(r)] megfizeti a viteldíjat
pedestrian (n) [pa'destrian] gyalogos
personal belongings (n) ['pBisanI bi'lDqiqz] személyes holmi
petrol station (n) ['petral 'steifn] benzinkút
platform (n) [’plaetfDim] peron
pollute the air (v) [pa'Iu:t öa ea(r)] szennyezi a levegőt
protective gear/equipment (n) [pra'tektív gia(r)/ i'kw ipm ant] védőfelszerelés
public transport (n) ['pAblik 'treenspDit] közösségi közlekedés
queue (n) [kju s] sor (pl. pultnál)
railway/train station (n) [’reilw ei 'steijn ] vasútállomás
(seat) beit (n) [’s i i t b e l t ] biztonsági öv
service (n) [ 'S 3 IV IS ] járat
set off (v) [set] útnak indul
space (n) [speis] (egy embernek jutó) hely
speed limit (n) [spiid 'lim it] sebességhatár
take a long time (v) [teik a \ot] taim ] sokáig tart
take off (v) [teik] felszáll, felemelkedik
take/catch a bús, tram, trolley- [teik/kaetj] buszra, villamosra, trolira
bus (v) száll
ticket office (n) ['tik it 'ofis] jegypénztár
timetable (n) ['taim te ib l] menetrend
toll (n) [taul] útdíj
traffic jam (n) ['traefik d3aem] közlekedési dugó
traffic lights (n) ['traefik laits] jelzőlámpa
traffic sign (n) ['traefik sain] közlekedési tábla
travel on business (v) ['traevl on 'biznas] üzleti útra megy
trip (n) [trip] utazás
truck (AmE) (n) [ tr A k ] teherautó, kamion
unpredictable (adj) [ , A n p r i 'd i k t a b l ] kiszámíthatatlan
van (n) [vaen] furgon
vehicle (n) [ 'v iia k l] jármű
weather conditions (n) ['weöa(r) kan'dijnz] időjárási viszonyok
weekly/monthly pass (n) ['w i:k li/ 'mAnSIi pa:s] heti, havi bérlet
mm
2 , J l/J a u lliill !> 7 l> iiJ ^ íiJ i i i p i j ^ ]jL > U £ ^ i]L > J d
"Good wife best household furniture."-Charlie Chan
Modern slavery
“Both my husband and I work full-time, yet I am always the one who picks up the kids,
prepares the dinner, and does most of the other household chores. How can I get my husband
to do his share?”
“This is a huge problem with our generation. I feel pretty lucky compared to somé of my
friends. It seems almost medieval the way mén expect us to be their domestic slaves. I surely
hope the next generation of mén are taught differently. Which brings up a big question. What
are you teaching your children about the roles of women and mén? They are leaming by
watching you two.”
“I refuse to be the domestic slave and if my husband is unhappy he can hire a maid and a
cook. Actually, he offered to hire a weekly maid and I told him that I thought that might
teach our boys that it was someone else’s responsibility to clean, and they would nőt learn to
clean up themselves. This made my husband really think. I still clean a lót, bút after 21 years
of marriage I told him that that was the end of me cooking. I was just too stressed out with
my very difficult job as a teacher. I wasn't putting much effort intő cooking and no one was
happy with my meals. I haven't cooked in over a year. And guess what? My husband loves
to cook.”
“When my husband teases me and calls me domestically challenged because I can't seem to
keep up with keeping the house clean (2 teenage boys, 2 dogs, 2 cats, 1 rabbit) I just laugh.
Bút my boys are leaming that women have the right to live rich, interesting lives as much as
they do. I don't care if the house is a wreck. If my friend calls me up and asks me to go fór a
bike ride, I'm going. If my husband wants to go kayaking with the boys, I'm going too!”
■E9
liketoask.
Who does the housework in your family? What are your responsibilities?
OR
Would you like to be a full-time housewife or have a full-time job? Why? / Would you like your
(future) wife to be a full-time housewife or to have a full-time job? Why?


You and your partner are going to share a fiat fór a year. You can't afford a maid. How are you
going to share the household ehores? Discuss your ideas and preferences with your partner and
try to come to an agreement.

ECL Part 3 - Picture D escription

In som é cou ntries, fó r e x a m p le H u n g a ry , m é n , to o , can go on "m a te rn ity " leave. H o w ev e r, n őt
m a n y fam ilie s choose this o p tio n . W h y is it like that? W h y do you th in k it is/isn 't a g o o d idea?
W o u ld you do it as a fath er? / W o u ld you like y o u r husban d to do so? W hich position d o you
support? G ive reasons fó r y o u r an sw er. C o nd uct a d e b a te w ith y o u r p a rtn e r a b o u t th e fo llo w in g
s ta te m e n t.
"Experience shows that women are much better at household chores, so they should take care o f them.”
That’s certainly true. Women have a natural talent to look after people and
things at home. Already as a child, girls are given toy kitchens to cook in
and babies to dress because this is the natural way.
Well, you might have a point: it has been the traditional way of nőt sharing
responsibilities. Bút the world has changed and this tradition should be
changed, too.
Task 1
T h in k o f fu rth e r a rg u m e n ts fó r and aga in s t th e s ta te m e n t a n d w rite th e m in th e ta b le .
Fór Against
* <=> *
• <=> t
Task 2
C o m p lete th e fo llo w in g ta b le w ith th e s e a rg u m e n ts . T hey a re NŐT in th e correct o rd er.
1 After a hard day at work, husbands need time to relax and prepare fór the challenges of the
next day. When could they do the cleaning or washing?
2 I absolutely agree. This doesn’t mean, however, that they should do everything else, too.
3 I’m afraid you might be wrong there. It’s their mother’s lőve, nőt her work that they need.
4 Nonsense! Take all the famous female scientists, astronauts or politicians.
10
u l i j j j u j j i ! j Vu j j j ü
5 There are a lót of things women can’t do really well. There’s driving, fór example. Look at all
the women trying to park their cars or overtake.
6 This was only true until women started to get qualifications and full-time jobs.
7 Women can do household chores more efficiently because they were taught as children how
to do them.
It has always been women’s role to keep

the family together and keep the home <=>
fires buming.
This could be true. It can be changed,

though, if you involve daughters and sons
as well in these jobs.
Women don’t make as successfiil

professionals or business people as mén. <=>
Let them do what they can.
I don’t think you’re right. Perhaps they

drive more slowly, bút statistics prove
that mén cause a lót more accidents than
women do.
Children need their mother more than

their father, so it’s the mother who should «
look after them.
So do women. You can’t expect them

to have two fali time jobs while their
husbands only have one. Husbands should
give it a try to understand.
Anyway, only women can give birth to

babies and only they can breastfeed them.
TáJísIuy u b y y r u j y p k b u ia d un p k r u r a s
j-Jy u-jaijyJd siiu ras
Describe the pictures and then talk about the topic they illustrate. Include the following points:
What is a typical way of sharing household chores in Hungárián families? What jobs are
there to be done in a household?
How has the world of work changed in the last few decades? What effect does it have on
families and households?
What are traditional men's jobs around the house? How can mén and children be involved
in doing household chores?
What personal experiences have you got?
Task 1
Prepare to talk about the topic at length, fór about 6-8 minutes. Make notes as you are preparing.
Arrange your thoughts in a logical way.
3
1 0
Task 2
Compare your notes with these suggestions:

Household chores that need doing in a typical home/family
women’sjobs
mén ’s jobs
jobs that children can help with
Traditional roles in the family
husband - breadwinner
wife - housewife
0 grandparents - people to look after
Changes in the world of work and in society
0 women in jobs
women eam more than before
ű lots of single-parent families
kindergartens, nurseries
Changes in the modem family
traditional men’s and women’s jobs disappear
0 children can be taught to take part
Your own experiences, hopes and intentions
0 sharing jobs in your family
í) changes you would like to make
0 sharing jobs in your future family
Task 3
1 Who are those jobs important fór? Whose responsibility should it be to get them done? Which
are “men’s jobs” and “women’sjobs”?
2 What chores need to be done regularly in a typical household?
3 What appliances/facilities are there now that weren’t available fxfty years ago?
4 In what way are roles within the family different now from those fifty years ago?
5 How are you going to share the domestic chores when you have your own family?
6 How are these responsibilities shared in traditional families?
7 From what age can children be involved in helping with household jobs? How?
do the shopping/cooking/washing-up/vacuum cleaning/dusting /washing /ironing

clean the bathroom/toilet
take the trash out
do repairs
clear the mess
C 9K
feed, walk and look after pet(s)
clean pet’s piacé / fish tank
everybody happy with clean and cosy home

share chores / take part / fair distribution of chores
take other responsibilities intő account
consider other family members’ needs
do things fór others
leam to do things
do a lót more than other family member(s)

good excuse nőt to take part
spare overburdened breadwinner / student
excuse members of the family from helping
spend time relaxing in front of the TV or the computer
as early as possible
children like imitating adults
leam to do things through playing them
leam the roles they can see
earlier: father breadwinner, mother full-time childminder and housekeeper

these days: both parents in jobs
women in demanding positions too
most children’s only responsibility is school
vacuum cleaner
washing machine
tumble dryer
gas or electric cooker
dish-washer
microwave oven
central heating
chemicals fór cleaning
would/wouldn’t like to follow parents’ example

would/wouldn’t like husband/wife to do more/less than you
would/wouldn’t like to do certain jobs
Q
'A * j 'i J i d j j n i n i L V iijjja
M
y u ru ú u J ítfy
available (adj) [a'veilabl] elérhető, kapható, szabad

breadwinner (n) ['bredwina(r)] kenyérkereső
bring up a question (v) [brirj] felvet egy kérdést
can/can’t afford sth (v) ta'faid] megengedhet/nem engedhet
meg magának vmit
child care leave (n) [tja ild kea(r) li:v] gyermekgondozási segély
childminder (n) ['tfaildm aindaír)] gyermekgondozó
clean the fish tank (v) [k ii: n 5a 'fijtasnk] kitakarítja az akváriumot
compared to (adv) [kam'pead] összehasonlítva valamivel
cosy (adj) ['kauzi] otthonos
demanding (adj) [di'm aindír]] megterhelő
dishwasher (n) ['diJwDfa(r)] mosogatógép
do repair(s) (v) [ri'peaz] javítás(oka)t elvégez
do the cleaning (v) ['k liin írj] takarít
do the cooking (v) ['ku kii]] főz
do the dusting (v) ['dAStlí]] port töröl
do the gardening (v) ['gaidnit]] kertészkedik
do the ironing (v) ['aianit]] vasal
do the shopping (v) ['Jd pír)] (be)vásárol
do the vacuum cleaning (v) ['vaekjuam 'k liin it]] porszívózik
do the washing (v) [’wdJ ii ]] mos
do the washing-up (v) ['WDjl(]Ap] mosogat
domestic slave (n) [da'm estik sleiv] háztartási rabszolga
duty (n) [’d ju iti] kötelesség
excuse (nőt) to do sth (v) [ik'skjuis] kifogás, hogy valaki (ne)
csináljon valamit
excuse sb from doing sth (v) [ik'skju iz] kivon vkit vmi alól
exhausted (adj) [ig'zDistid] kimerült
fair (adj) [fea(r)] igazságos
feed the pet(s) (v) [fi:d] megeteti a kisállatot
follow an example (v) ['folau an ig 'za im p l] példát követ
full-time (adj) ['fuitaim ] teljes munkaidős
gas/electric cooker (n) [gaes/i'lektrik 'kuka(r)] gáz-/villanytűzhely
a
happy (adj) with sth ['haepi] elégedett valamivel, örül
valaminek
hire sb (v) ['haia(r)] felvesz vkit munkára
household (n, adj) ['haushauld] háztartás, háztartási
household/domestic chores/ ['haushauld/da'm estik t/D iz/ háztartási munkák
jobs (n) d3obz]
housekeeper(n) ['hauskiipa(r)] házvezető(nő)
housework (n) ['hauswBik] házimunka
imitate (v) [’im ite it] utánoz
involve sb (v) [ i n 'v o l v ] bevon vkit
keep sth clean (v) [k i: p], [kliin] tisztán tart vmit
keep up with (doing) sth (v) [ k i:p ] lépést tart, megbirkózik
valamivel
lazy (adj) ['leizi] lusta
look after sth/sb (v) [luk] gondoz vkit/vmit
maid (n) [meid] bejárónő
matemity leave (n) [ma't3:nati li:v] szülési szabadság
medieval (adj) [,medi‘i:vl] középkori
mess (n) [mes] rendetlenség, kosz
microwave oven/micro (n) ['m aikraweiv 'A v n / 'm a i k r a u ] mikrohullámú sütő, mikro
mow the lawn (v) [m a u ö a b :n] gyepet nyír
overburdened (adj) [auva'b3:dn] túlterhelt
part-time (adj) [pa:t taim ] részmunkaidős
pick up the children (v) [pik] elhozza a gyerekeket
pressure cooker (n) ['preja(r) 'kuka(r)] kukta (edény)
pút effort intő sth (v) [pút 'efat] energiát fektet vmibe
qualification(s) [ , k w D l i f i 'k e i / n ( z ) ] képzettség, végzettség
refuse to do sth (v) [ r i 'f j u i z ] nem hajlandó vmit csinálni
repair(s) [ri'pea(z)] javítás, javítási munkák
responsibility (n) [ri.sponsa'bilati] felelősség
responsible fór sth [ri'spDnsabl] felelős vmiért
role (n) [raul] szerep
run a household (v) [rAn a 'haushauld] háztartást vezet
set an example (v) [set an ig 'za im pl] példát mutat
share sth (v) Lfea(r)] megoszt vmit
single parent (adj) ['siqgl 'pearant] egyedülálló szülő
10
spend time doing sth (v) [spend taim ] időt tölt valamivel
stressful (adj) [’stresfl] feszültséggel teli
take care of sth/sb (v) [teik kea(r)] ellát vmit, vigyáz vmire/
vkire
take part in sth (v) [teik pa:t] részt vesz vmiben
take sth intő account (v) [teik], [g'kaunt] figyelembe vesz vmit
take the children to school (v) [teik], [skuil] iskolába viszi a gyerekeket
take the trash out (v) [teik], [traej] kiviszi a szemetet
teach sb to do sth (v) [tilt/] megtanít vkit vmire
tidy (adj) [’taidi] tiszta, rendes
time-consuming (adj) [.taimkan'sjuimit]] időigényes
tiring (adj) ['taiarii]] fárasztó
tumble dryer (n) ['tAmbl 'draia(r)] szárítógép
vacuum cleaner/hoover (n) ['vaakjuam 'kli:n9(r)/ 'hu:va(r)] porszívó
walk the dog (v) [WDlk] sétáltatja a kutyát
washing machine (n) ['wd/ iq m a'/iin] mosógép
wreck (n) [rek] romhalmaz
"Travel broadens the mind."
Why travel?
Travellíng is fon and stressfiil at the same time. It is always good to travel fór fun and be able to
see things that you have never seen before. There are many benefits of travel, bút people tend
to stress more when they travel than have fun. When you travel, you need to be able to know
where you are and where you are going. When you travel, you can discover many new piaces,
have a nice relaxing time, and leam a lót. Travelling is fun! Somé benefits of travel are:
Exploring new piaces
Whenever we travel, we discover new piaces. This is one benefit that is going to stay with
you every time you travel. When travelling, fmd things that interest you and you will be able
to have a good time on your vacation or other trip that you are on. When you discover new
piaces, you gain more experiences.
Health and Wellness
Somé forms of travel are relaxing. There is a benefit to your health from travel. Being healthy
by reducing our stress levels is solved when we travel and stay at a nice day spa. You are
completely relaxed and you can help your body in many ways. Each and every one of us
needs to have a time of relaxation to recycle the need of health and wellness.
Learning a new culture
Through making new discoveries from visiting piaces you have never been to you leam a
new culture. The benefits of travel are always visible when you learn a new culture. The way
people live and their traditions are sometimes weird fór a lót of people bút it is fun to know.
Don't be afraid of leaming a new culture and dive right intő it.
Travelling is supposed to be a time of fun and adventure. With every new experience, you
gain a new adventure to pút intő your books. When you go on vacation, the best thing about
it all is boasting about the fűn you had. Taking a lót of pictures helps you remember the
vacation and the many benefits of travel. There are always going to be people who disagree
and teli you differently. Bút remember to always know that when you travel, it is an adventure
waiting to happen. That is always fun fór everyone!
mm
te le Part 1 - P resen tation

liketoask.
A memorable trip you have made (time, duration, destination, accommodation, activities, etc.).
OR
Your ideál holiday (time, duration, company, destination, accommodation, activities, etc.).
te le Part 2 - G iving o pinio n


You and your partner have decided to go on holiday abroad fór a week or two. Consider and
discuss the details (destination, means of transport, accommodation, activities, costs). Teli your
partner your ideas and try to come to an agreement.
•••• ••
ECL P art 1 - In tro d u c tio n


I> b rijá5 ju j) / ü a h - ü a
A lót of people these days can only imagine spending their holidays in fashionable seaside
resorts, while guided tours of countries are less popular. Which type of holiday would you prefer?
Why? Conduct a debate with your partner about the following statement.
"Going on active sightseeing tours and getting acquainted with foreign cultures are much more enjoyabie
than spending time sunbathing on a beach."
I absolutely agree. Lying on the beach fór two weeks and doing nothing
can be extremely boring.
V_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _____ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ✓
Well, I think you’re right, bút what about those people who are tired of
hard work and nőt interested in sights?
Task 1
Think of further arguments fór and against the statement and write them in the table.
Task 2
Complete the table with these arguments. They are NŐT in the correct order.
1 If you see new piaces, you can meet new faces.

2 Active sightseeing tours can show you nőt only sights and monuments,bút they can take you
to natúré.
3 If you go on a holiday, you should relax and nőt challenge your brain.
4 On the beach you can participate in sporting activities such as swimming, diving, surfing etc.
which are very challenging.
5 When you go on a sightseeing tour, you never have enough time to have a good look at
everything, because usually there are too many programmes.
6 Other people prefer taking pleasure in the sunshine and the sea.
mm
Q
7 If you walk long distances to get to know new piaces, it can help you to forget about everyday
stress.
Guided sightseeing tours can be very

useful because you can leam a lót from <=>
them.
__________________________________ It is possible to make friends on the beach

__________________________________ <=> and at the hotel too.
Getting acquainted with foreign cultures

can give you great pleasure.
__________________________________ During guided tours you have to adapt

__________________________________ <=> to other people, which can be very
annoying.
Sightseeing tours offer you a wide variety __________________________________

of programmes. ^
__________________________________ If you lie on the beach and swim in the

__________________________________ sea, you are closer to natúré.
Taking part in sightseeing tours is much __________________________________

more exciting than lying on overcrowded <=> __________________________________
beaches.
filű íiijj ixb'j'ji u :y p i:: b u s á d ujj p k i u j 'y s
>Jolidíiya
Describe th e pictures and th e n ta lk a b o u t th e to p ic th e y illu s tra te . In d u d e th e fo llo w in g points:

H o w can p eo p le d ecid e w h e re to go on holiday?
W h a t are typ ical h o lid a y activities?
W h a t are th e a d v a n ta g es and d is ad van tag es o f
p ackage holidays?
g u id e d g ro u p tours?
in d iv id u a ltrip s ?
W h a t p ro b lem s m ig h t tourists face w h ile on holiday?
H o w can you fin d o u t a b o u t life in a c o u n try/re g io n ?
ST e a k c h i p s
SfiLfiD.
ÍN & LISW F lS H
C H IP S SflL H D .
___ £ 5 -5 0
SHEPW ERO'S PlE
ÍF R E S H UEG.
15 50
U f)R lÖ Ö S~
HOMEMODE PlES
C(?EFIMED
POTflTO í FRESH
__UEG,f5 9?
"FULL HE.NU"
RUPlIURSLE
Task 1
Task 2
C o m p are y o u r notes w ith th e fo llo w in g suggestions:

Choice of destination: personal recommendation, travel brochures, films, costs
Choice of type of holiday
package holidays, guided group tours, individual trips
time available fór getting information and making arrangements
previous experiences
Where to stay
Things that can go wrong while on holiday: language barrier, illnesses, unusual food or water,
poor service or organisation of programmes, weather conditions
Typical holiday activities
Task 3
M atch th e fo llo w in g q uestions and th e phrases. Use th e phrases to m a k e c o m p le te sentences.
Give y o u r answ ers in several sentences.
1 How do people decide where to go on holiday?

2 Why do somé people choose to book a package holiday? What are the pros and cons?
3 Why do somé people choose to book guided group tours? What is good or bad about them?
4 Why do somé people prefer arranging their trips individually? What are the advantages and
disadvantages?
5 What different types of accommodation can tourists choose from? What are their advantages
and disadvantages?
6 What problems can holiday-makers face?
7 How do people on holiday spend their time?
unusual food or drinking water

minor illnesses (diarrhoea) spoiling holiday
conditions or programmes different from offer
theft
different problems of air travel can cause long delays
language barrier - can’t explain request, problem, can’t understand menü
bad weather (rainy, cold, stormy, scorching hot)
recommendation from friends or relatives

attractive photos and descriptions in travel brochures
piaces seen in films
piaces you want to go back
choice often based on cost limits
activities the region offers
ways of getting there
length of joumey
go to the beach, play in the sand, swim in the lake/river/sea/ocean, do water-sports, lie in the
sün (get sunbumt)
do shopping
go sightseeing
go backpacking
go fór walks
hike
2 to 5-star hotels
half/full/all-inclusive board or self-catering
beach apartment
bed-and-breakfast
guest house / youth hostel / camp-site / mountain shelter
luxurious
comfortable
everything provided
can accommodate whole families
suitable fór large groups sharing a room
use your own tent
on the way to or near summits
photos and somé attractive deseription

everything (joumey, transfer, accommodation with half or full board, optional excursions fór
extra fees) arranged by a travel agency
you are given all the information
no need to spend time fmding out about details
usually tour of a country

schedule and rich programme fully organised by travel agency
large group of new people to meet
expert guide provided
good selection of sights
guide can look after things fór you
may have to share room with other passengers
no freedom to change schedule
you don’t have to adapt to others in any way

can make your own decisions any time
mm
can change plans
can be cheaper than holidays organised by travel agencies
nobody helps you arrange details
time-consuming preparations
'/y siiífijJiiry
abroad (adv) [a'braid] külföldön, külföldre

accommodation (n) [s,kDma'deiJn] szállás
adapt(v) [a'daept] alkalmazkodik
adventure (n) [9d'ventja(r)] kaland
adventurous (adj) [ad'ventjaras] kalandos
all inclusive (board) (adj) [d:I in'kluisiv bDid] mindent magába foglaló
ellátás
arrange sth (v) [a'reind3] elintéz, megszervez, elrendez
vmit
attractive (adj) [s'trsektív] vonzó
beach apartment (n) ['bi:tj 9'partm ant] tengerparti apartman
bed-and-breakfast / guest-house (n) [,bed and 'brekf3st / ges panzió
haus]
benefit (n) [’benifit] előny
boast about sth (v) [bsust] büszkélkedik vmivel
book (a holiday, a ticket) (v) [búk] lefoglal vmit, befizet vmire
broaden (v) [' brDid n] kitágít
camp-site (n) ['kaempsait] kemping
challenging (adj) ['tjaelind3in] kihívást jelentő
choice (n) [tjbis] választás, választék
cost limit (n) ['kost limit] összeghatár
crowded (adj) ['kraudid] zsúfolt
destination (n) [,desti'nei/n] úti cél
discover (v) [ d i 's k A v a ( r ) ] felfedez
dive intő sth (v) [daiv] belemerül vmibe
escorted group tour (n) ['eskDitid 'gru:p tua(r)] társas utazás
escorted/guided tour (n) ['eskDitid /'g a id id tua(r)] idegenvezetős kirándulás
K9 I
Speak s
excursion (n) [ik'sksrjn] (rövid, szervezett, csoportos)
kirándulás (nem túra!)
explore (v) [ik'spbi(r)] feltár, felfedezi vminek a
részleteit
extra fee (n) ['ekstra fi:] plusz díj
find out about sth (v) [faind] megismer, megtud, tudomást/
információt szerez vmiről
flight (n) [fiait] repülés, repülőjárat
full board (n) ['ful bD:d] teljes ellátás
gain experience (v) [,gein ik'spiarians] élményt/ tapasztalatot szerez,
get acquainted with sth/sb (v) [,get 9'kweintid] megismerkedik vmivel/vkivel
go backpacking (v) [,gau ’baekpaekiq] hátizsákos utazásra megy
go ciimbing (v) [,gau 'klaimir)] hegyet/sziklát mászni megy
go fór walks (in the mountains) (v) [,gau fa(r) ’wDiks] (kisebb) gyalogtúrára megy
go hiking (v) / hike (v, n) [,gau 'haikír]] (nagyobb) gyalogtúrára
megy, túra
guide (v, n) [gaid] kalauzol vkit; idegenvezető
half board (n) ['ha:f bDid] félpanzió
holiday/seaside resort (n) ['holsdei/'siisaid ri'zoit] üdülőhely, tengerparti
üdülőhely
holiday-maker (n) ['hDladeimeik9(r)] nyaraló/üdülő (ember)
hotel (n) [hau'tel] szálloda
joumey (n) [’d33:ni] utazás
language barrier (n) ['laerigwids 'baeria(r)] nyelvi akadály
lie in the sün / sunbathe (v) [lai in &9 SAn / 'sAnbeiö] napozik
lie on the beach (v) [lai on Öa bi:tj] fekszik a tengerparton
luxurious (adj) [lAg'3uarias] luxus
menü (n) ['menju:] étlap
mind (n) [maind] látókör
mountain shelter (n) ['mauntan 'Jelta(r)] menedékház
offer (v, n) ['Dfa(r)] felajánl, ajánlat
optional (adj) [’DpJanl] választható
overcrowded (adj) [.auva'kraudid] túlzsúfolt
package holiday (n) ['paekid3 'huladei] utazási iroda által
szervezett utazás
participate in sth (v) [pa:'tisipeit] részt vesz vmiben
1E9
poor (adj) [pDi(r)] alacsony színvonalú, rossz
minőségű
pros and cons (n) ['prsuz an künz] előnyök és hátrányok
prov ide sth/sb with sth (v) [pra'vaid] ellát vkit vmivel, nyújt
vkinek vmit
recommendation (n) [.rekamen'deijn] ajánlás
reduce (v) [ri'd ju is] csökkent
schedule, itinerary (n) ['Jedjuil, ai'tin arari] útiterv, program
scorching hot (adj) ['sko it/in hot] perzselő meleg
see the sights (v) [s í i Ös saits] megnézi a nevezetességeket
selection (n) [si'lekjn ] választék
self-catering (n) [’selfkeitarír]] önellátás
service (n) [ 'S 3 I V I S ] ellátás, kiszolgálás,
szolgáltatás
sightseeing (n) ['saitsint]] városnézés
spa (n) [spa:] fürdő
spoil (v) [spoil] elront, tönkretesz
take part in sth (v) [teik pa:t] részt vesz vmiben
theft (n) [0eft] lopás
time-consuming (adj) [,taim k9n'sju:m it]] időigényes, időrabló
tour of a country (n) ['tus(r) 3V 3 ’k A n t r i] körutazás (országban)
tour of a museum (n) ['tu3(r) av a m ju'zi:3m] múzeumi idegenvezetés,
csoportos múzeumlátogatás
(tourist) sight (n) ['tu a rist sait ] turisztikai látványosság,
nevezetesség
transfer (n) ['traensf3:(r)] utazás a repülőtérről a
szállodába és vissza
travel (v) ['traevl] utazik
travel agency (n) ['traevl eid33nsí] utazási iroda
travel brochure (n) ['traevl 'brau/3(r)] katalógus (utazási irodáé)
trip (n) [trip] utazás
variety (n) [ V 9 ' r a i 3 t i] változatosság
visible (adj) [Vizabl] látható
walk (v, n) [W Dlk] gyalog megy, gyalogol;
gyaloglás, (kisebb) túra, séta
weather conditions (n) ['weÖ3(r) ksn 'd ijn z] időjárási viszonyok
youth hostel (n) [ju:0 ’hostl] turistaszálló, iljúsági szálló
“To perceive Christmas through its wrapping becomes more difficult every year."
£ fi. White
Holidays now and then

Most o f us celebrate holidays - Christmas, Halloween, Valentine's Day - bút why?
O f course, we celebrate somé holidays because of our religious beliefs. However, there are
other reasons why we hold to these joyous occasions. These holidays break up the flow of the
year and bind us together as families and communities.
We celebrate holidays because we want to have fun. We want a break from our regular
schedules, jobs, etc. Without holidays our weeks would run together intő years of humdrum
mediocrity. What is October without children ringing our doorbells asking fór candy? What
is November without turkey on the table and the family around it? What is February with no
heart-shaped boxes adoming the kitchen counter? The answer: boring months, I say.
We alsó celebrate holidays because they are reasons to reconnect with family and long lost
friends. Although we can make the effort to see family and close friends anytime, many
people do nőt. Many people make holidays the times they reach out to other people. And
nőt only is it important to us to feel the warmth of our family, we enjoy holidays because
they bring out a sense of community. The bright red hearts decorating department stores in
February, the blinking lights strung on lamp posts in December, these help us feel connected
to something larger than ourselves.
In a world where get-togethers and barbecues do nőt happen as often as they used to in
decades pást, in a world where no one borrows sugár from his or her neighbour any longer or
bakes a cake when someone moves on to the block, holidays tie us together.
I ürge everyone to nőt throw holidays to the side of the Street. Get out and decorate your home
at Christmas time. Surprise your spouse, boyfriend or girlfriend with a Valentine's Day gift.
And definitely have fun at Halloween. Even if you do nőt enjoy Halloween, I guarantee the
children in your neighbourhood will appreciate you dressing up, putting a graveyard in your
front yard and handing out candy.
Christmas has become too commercialized. Children don't know or care what Christmas
represents. People can barely feed the family or pay their bilis, bút when it comes to Christmas,
everyone will spend three times more than their normál monthly expenses.
Christmas is a day that represents the birth of Christ. Midnight mass or services have always
been important. Very few people attend mass or services anymore. Most children aren't taught
about Jesus. There was a time when people would spend time together making homemade
omaments. Families would sing carols at home and throughout the neighbourhood. Cakes
and cookies would be baked and given to their neighbours. It was the thought that counted.
1 0
tele P art 1 - P resen tatio n
You a re e x p e c ted to g iv e a sho rt p re s e n ta tio n to y o u r p artn e r(s ) on o n e o f th e fo llo w in g topics.
(The p ro m p ts in brackets m a y h elp you .) Y o u r p re s e n ta tio n should ta k e a b o u t 9 0 seconds and
you should a n s w e r y o u r p artn e r's questio ns a fte rw a rd s .
W h ile y o u r p a rtn e r is g iv in g h is /h e r p re s e n ta tio n , listen a n d th in k o f th e questio ns you w o u ld
like to ask.
You should n ő t in te rru p t y o u r p a rtn e r d u rin g h is /h e r p re s e n ta tio n .
A memorable celebration you took part in (occasion, event, people, attractions, gifts, decoration, food).
OR
How does your family prepare fór and celebrate Christmas (the days before Christmas Eve,
Christmas Eve, the First and Second Day of Christmas)?

Read th e tex t(s) on th e p reviou s p ag e . Discuss th e c o n te n t o f th e tex t(s) w ith y o u r p a rtn e r. Teli
h e r/h im y o u r o p in io n : g ive reasons a n d personal exam p le s to s u p p o rt y o u r ideas. T a lk a b o u t
y o u r o w n e x p e rie n c e w ith th e p ro b lem s m e n tio n e d a n d possible solutions.

You a n d y o u r p a rtn e r h ave d ecid ed to o rg an ise a surprise p a rty fó r a frie n d 's b irth d a y . C onsider
a n d discuss th e d eta ils (piacé, tim e , fo o d a n d d rin k, music, p resen t, p e o p le to in v ite ). T eli y o u r
p a rtn e r y o u r ideas a n d try to com e to an a g re e m e n t.

In th is p a rt stu d en ts are asked to in tro d u c e th e m s e lv e s a n d exch a n g e personal in fo rm a tio n .
ECL P art 2 - Picture d eserip tion

Talk a b o u t th e to p ic based on th e pictures.
B l
Do you a g re e o r d isag ree w ith th e fo llo w in g statem en ts? Use reasons a n d exam p les to s u p p o rt
y o u r o p in io n . C o nd uct a d e b a te w ith yo u r p a rtn e r a b o u t th e fo llo w in g s ta te m e n t.
"School events to celebrate national holidays are boring and meaning less although they require a lót o f work.
This tradition should nőt be continued."
------------------------------------------------------ - _ __
I absolutely agree. I can’t even remember these events at my school, so
they can’t have been very interesting, although we were happy that we
didn’t have to go to classes.
Well, this might be true, bút having boring celebrations at your school
doesn’t mean that they are meaningless. I think it’s important fór young
people to feel that they are part of the nation and of its pást.
Task 1
T h in k o f fu rth e r a rg u m e n ts fó r and again st th e s ta te m e n t and w rite th e m in th e ta b le .
Fór Against
* *
* <=> *
* <=> *
Task 2
C o m p le te th e ta b le w ith th e s e a rg u m e n ts . T h e y are NŐT in th e correct o rd er.
1 Fór such shows, participants leam poems and songs and leam to do things they wouldn’t
otherwise, such as folk dancing, acting, etc.
2 How about the majority, who don’t even listen and spend their time talking to others instead,
so they won’t have anything to remember.
3 Nőt many parents attend these events. Alsó, they should be proud of their children’s good
results in their studies and school competitions.
4 School celebrations don’t have to be boring; Creative young people can make them fresh and
exciting.
10
5 School trips and parties are much more enjoyable occasions to get to know each other.
6 Through such events, participants and viewers can understand our history better.
7 Watching long and boring programmes don’t have any positive effect.
School celebrations are good occasions to

build a community and make it stronger.
We get enough of that stuff in classes.

<=> Anyway, it’s test-papers that matter, nőt
celebrations.
Participants can make reál friendships

while preparing fór the event.
These events are directed by teachers who

wouldn’t accept students’ ideas.
Parents are extremely happy to see their __________________________________

children perform and do well infront of a <=> __________________________________
large audience. __________________________________
__________________________________ You don’t need hundreds of people packed

__________________________________ '' intő a stuffy hall to leam things, do you?
Taking an active part in these perfor- __________________________________

mances will be a memorable experience <=> __________________________________
fór the kids. __________________________________
Q
\
T uíkJjiy n íu p jc 3ES ujj p f c iu / a s
ra-Jil'/ijJi: -jijd ra la ú rijily jii:
Describe the pictures and then talk about the topic they illustrate. Include the following points:
* The typical religious and national holidays and family celebrations in Hungary
* How you prepare fór and celebrate them
♦ Festivals taken over from the English-speaking world
♦ Your preferences and reasons
Task 1
Prepare to talk about the topic at length, fór about 6-8 minutes. Make notes as you are preparing.
Arrange your thoughts in a logical way.
Task 2
Compare your notes with the following suggestions:
# Describe the pictures

M Religious holidays/holidays of religious origin: Christmas, Easter, Pentecost
í) as religious festivals: what is celebrated?
■ö traditions attached to them as family events
% The most important national holidays: 15 March, 20 August, 23 October
t i what historical event is commemorated? why, where and how?
h Other celebrations: Santa Claus, New Year, birthdays, name days, weddings, anniversaries
typical ways to celebrate them
^ Festivals imported from the English-speaking world: Halloween, Valentine’s Day
♦ Your personal preferences and experiences
5
Task 3
1 What do we celebrate at Christmas and what traditions are attached to it in Hungary?

2 What do we celebrate at Easter and what traditions are attached to it in Hungary?
3 Which are the most important national holidays? What is celebrated on those days?
How?
3 A 15 March
3B 20 August
3C 23 October
4 What other days or occasions are celebrated? How?
4A Santa Claus
4B New Year’s Eve
4C birthdays
4D name days
4E Halloween
4F Valentine’s Day
5 Could you describe a particularly memorable celebration? What did you enjoy most about it?
will always remember

had always wanted
(nőt) expect
be absolutely surprised to
warm atmosphere
have fun
close and distant friends have parties

champagne
confetti, ribbons to decorate
fireworks
minor occasion, nőt always celebrated

greetings
flowers
chocolate
National Day / Feast of St Stephen

sports events
outdoor attractions
fairs held
fireworks
Q B
nőt at Christmas bút at the beginning of December
# sleigh pulled by reindeer
* company parties to meet
at home: shoes in window fór gifts
of religious (Christian) origin, the birth of Jesus Christ

Eve, the lst/2nd Day
clean home thoroughly
shopping fór huge amounts of food and drinks
shopping (fór presents)
* wrap up presents
pút up and decorate tree (pine): omaments, candles, lights
give and récéivé presents
dinner: físh dishes, roast turkey, stuffed cabbage
family and relatives spend time together
of religious (Christian) origin: commemorate the death and celebrate the resurrection of Jesus
Christ
* clean home thoroughly
* shopping fór huge amounts of food and drinks
dye or paint eggs
* presents mainly fór children
® symbol: bunny
traditional dishes: cooked smoked ham, hard-boiled eggs
‘sprinkling’ girls, dyed/painted/chocolate eggs/money in exchange
big meal
presents írom family or friends

cake with candles
(surprise) parties
Republic Day: anniversary of uprising against Soviet rule

rallies, speeches, school performances or special events
revolution and uprising against Austrian rule: public holiday

rallies organised
speeches made
school performances held
1E3
the last day of October
trick-or-treat
wear costumes / costume parties
carve jack-o'-lantems
towards the end of winter

celebrating lőve and affection between intimate companions, lovers
flowers / eonfectionery / greeting cards
adom (v) [a'cbin] díszít

affection (n) [a'fekjn] ragaszkodás, vonzalom, szeretet
agreement (n) [a'griim ant] megegyezés
amount (n) [a'maunt] mennyiség
anniversary (n) [,3eni'v3isari] évforduló
appreciate (v) [s'pri: Jieit] értékel, méltányol
attend sth (v) [a'tend] eseményt látogat, elmegy vhová
attraction (n) [a'traekjn] látványosság
barbecue (n) ['b a ib ik ju i] kerti hússütés
barely (adv) [’besli] alig
be attached to sth or sb (v) [a'taetjt] kötődik/kapcsolódik vmihez, vkihez
become commercialized (v) [bx'kAm ka'mBíJsIaizd] elüzletiesedik
belief (n) [b i'liif] hit, meggyőződés
bind people together (v) [baind ta'geöa(r)] összetartja/összeköti az embereket
blinking (adj) ['bliqkit]] villogó, villanó
break up (v) [breik] megtör
bunny (n) [’bAni] húsvéti nyuszi
care (v) [kea(r)] törődik vmivel
carve jack-o'-lantems [ka:v ,d3aek a 'laentanz] töklámpást készít
(Christmas) carol (n) ['krismas 'kaeral] karácsonyi ének
Christmas Eve (n) ['krismas i:v] szenteste
commemorate (v) [ka'memareit] megemlékezik
community (n) [ka'm juinati] közösség
mm
ü jja a ü id jjjjjJ y
companion (n) [kam'psenian] társ

confectionery (n) [kan'fekfanari] édesség, cukrászsütemény
costume (n) ['kostjuim] jelmez
counter (n) ['kaunta(r)] pult
decade (n) ['dekeid] évtized
definitely (adv) fdefinatl i] feltétlenül
dress up (v) [dres] kiöltözik
eve (n) [i:v] vmi előestéje
event(n) [i'vent] esemény
expenses(n) [ik'spensiz] kiadások, költségek
fair (n) [fea(r)] vásár
fireworks (n) ['fai9W3:ks] tűzijáték
flow (n) [fi au] áramlás, folyás
get-together (n) [,getta'geöa(r)] összejövetel
graveyard (n) ['g reivja xd] temető
guarantee (v) [.gaeran'ti:] garantál
heart-shaped (adj) [’haitjeipt] szív alakú
hold (v) [hauld] (meg)tart (eseményt)
home-made (adj) ['haummeid] otthon készült, házilag készített
humdrum (adj) ['hAmdrAm] unalmas, egyhangú, sivár
in exchange (adv) [iks'tjeindj] cserébe
influence (n) ['influans] befolyás, hatás
intimate (adj) ['intim at] meghitt, közeli
joyous (adj) ['d33I9S] örömteli, vidám
lamp post (n) [lsemp paust] lámpaoszlop
majority (n) [ma'd3Drati] többség
make an effort (v) [meik an 'efat] erőfeszítést tesz
meaningless (adj) ['miiniqlas] jelentéktelen, semmitmondó
mediocrity (n) [.miidi'okrati] középszerűség
memorable (adj) [’memarabl] emlékezetes
Midnight mass/service (n) ['m idnait maes/'s3:vis] éjféli mise
minor (adj) ['maina(r)] kisebb, kevésbé fontos
New Year’s Eve (n) [nju: jia z i:v] Szilveszter
occasion (n) [a'kei3n] alkalom
omament (n) ['Dinamant] dísz
iE 3
outdoor (adj) ['autdD:(r)] szabadtéri
participant (n) [pai'tisipant] résztvevő
pass out (v) [pais] kioszt
Pentecost (n) ['pentikost] pünkösd
perform (v) [pa'fDim] fellép
rally (n) ['rali] nagygyűlés
reach out to sb (v) [riítj] megszólít vkit (átv.)
reconnect (v) [.riika'nekt] újra összehoz
regular (adj) ['regjala(r)] rendszeres, szabályos, szokásos, állandó
reindeer (n) ['reindia(r)] rénszarvas
religious (adj) [ri'lid39s] vallásos, vallási
represent (v) [,repri'zent] képvisel
require (v) [ri'kwaia(r)] megkövetel, igényel
resurrection (n) [.reza'rekfn] feltámadás
ribbon (n) ['riban] szalag
roast (adj) [raust] sült
schedule (n) [’J edjuil] időbeosztás
sense of community (n) [ka'mjurnati] közösségi érzés
service (n) ['S3IVIS] mise
sleigh (n) [s lei] szán
smoked ham (n) [sm aukt haem] füstölt sonka
spouse (n) [spaus] házastárs, hitves
sprinkling (n) [’spriqklír]] locsolkodás
string (v) [strírj] felkötöz
stuffy (adj) [’StAfí] fülledt
thoroughly (adv) ['0Arali] telj esen,alaposan
tie together (v) [tai ta'geba(r)] összeköt
treat (v) [triit] megvendégel
trick (v) [trik] megtréfál
turkey (n) ftsiki] pulyka
uprising (n) ['Apraizírj] felkelés, fellázadás
ürge (v) [s:d3] biztat, sürget
viewer (n) ['vjuia(r)] néző
warmth (n) [wD:m0] melegség
wrap up (v) [raep] becsomagol
m
ú 'v j J j / a , r y u u r / y J jfe
"Clearly, then, the city is n őt a concrete jungie, it is a humán zoo." Desmond Morris
The better end of the deal

I've lived both in a small town (population 850) and a large city (population 460,000 and part
of a metropolitan area of 3,600,000) and while both have aspects to recommend them, I've
come to find that small-town life has its advantages.
A small town has no traffic problems. A small town is full of great people that are your
neighbours fór life. In a larger city, people tend to keep to themselves. There's too much crime
in a big city, so much of it that we don’t even care about it. The grocery store two blocks from
my house has been robbed at gunpoint half a dozen times in the pást five years and I live in a
"good" part of town. The last time it happened, I went in to pick up a gallon of milk and saw the
crime scene tape. When I asked an employee what happened, he just shrugged and said, "Oh,
someone robbed the bank again." My response? I grabbed my cárt and went on intő the store.
In a small town, everyone is in your business, and when you live in a small town, this does nőt
seem like a good thing. I remember one time my brothers and I swiped a few apples from old
Mr. Matheny's tree on the other side of town. When we arrived home, my mother was at the
door with her wooden spoon, ready to mete out punishment. Mr. Matheny had seen us, knew
who we were and called our parents. In a small town, when you see a kid doing something
wrong, you teli his parents. In a big town, you look the other way, because the parent is likely
worse than the kid. Small towns have better schools. The teachers tend to stick around. They
know the kids before they even hit the classroom. They've taught brothers and sisters, they
know the community.
The big cities all have a thriving árts scene and plenty to do: museums, theatres, zoos, concert
venues and more. However, the cost of attending anything like that is extremely high, between
parking and ticket prices, and the longer I live in a city area, the less I find myself going out of
the way to attend such things. There may nőt be fancy galleries and concerts in a small town,
bút there are parades and camivals and county fairs and family-oriented things worth going
to, and when you do, you'll know everyone there.
If you live in a small town, and you feel bored or that your neighbours are too nosy, don’t be
disappointed! You defmitely have the better end of the deal.
You are e x p e c ted to g iv e a sho rt p re s e n ta tio n to y o u r p artn e r(s ) on o ne o f th e fo llo w in g topics.
(The p ro m p ts in brackets m a y h elp you .) Y o ur p re s e n ta tio n should ta k e a b o u t 9 0 seconds and
you should an s w e r y o u r p artn e r's q uestions a fte rw a rd s .
W h ile y o u r p a rtn e r is g iv in g h is /h e r p re s e n ta tio n , listen and th in k o f th e questio ns you w o u ld
lik e to a s k .
You should n ő t in te rru p t yo u r p a rtn e r d u rin g h is /h e r p re s e n ta tio n .
Your ideál home (loeation, neighbourhood, type of home, rooms, style, the people living in it).
OR
The nicest home you have ever been to (loeation, neighbourhood, type of home, rooms, style, the
people living in it).

Read th e text(s) on th e previous p ag e. Discuss th e c o n te n t o f th e tex t(s) w ith yo u r p a rtn e r. Teli
h e r/h im y o u r o p in io n : g iv e reasons and personal exam p les to s u p p o rt y o u r ideas. T alk a b o u t
y o u r o w n e x p e rie n c e w ith th e p ro blem s m e n tio n e d and possible solutions.

You an d yo u r p a rtn e r are g oin g to w o rk /s tu d y fó r tw o years in London. You h ave d ecid ed to
share a h o m e in o r aro u n d London. Consider a n d discuss th e d etails (lo e a tio n , n e ig h b o u rh o o d ,
ty p e o f h o m e, room s, tra n s p o rt facilities to a n d fro m w o rk /s ch o o l, costs). Teli y o u r p a rtn e r yo u r
ideas a n d try to com e to an a g re e m e n t.
ECL P a r t i - In tro d u c tio n

In this p a rt stu d en ts are asked to in tro d u c e th e m s e lv e s and exc h a n g e personal in fo rm a tio n .

T alk a b o u t th e to p ic based on th e pictures.
V
satum
Do you a g re e o r d isag ree w ith th e fo llo w in g s ta te m e n t? Use reasons a n d exam p le s to s u p p o rt

y o u r o p in io n . C o nd uct a d e b a te w ith y o u r p a rtn e r a b o u t th e s ta te m e n t b elo w .
"Ifyou w ant a baianced, com fortable way oflife, the country is fór you."
I absolutely agree. If you live in the country, you don’t suffer from all the
nőise and pollution of large cities. What’s more, the landscape is beautiful
and you can enjoy the view from your window.
Well, this might be true. However, when people talk about their lőve fór
rural life, they often forget about all the drawbacks and hardships they have
to pút up with in the country.
Task 1
T h in k o f fu r th e r a rg u m e n ts fó r an d a g a in s t th e s ta te m e n t a n d w rite th e m in th e ta b le .
Fór Against
* <=> *
* <í=> *
* <=> *
Task 2
C o m p le te th e ta b le w ith these a rg u m e n ts . T h e y are NŐT in th e correct o rd er.
1 Life is much cheaper. You can even grow your own fruit and vegetables in the garden.
2 You can enjoy undisturbed natúré, clean air, open spaces, while in a city you are surrounded
with concrete, plastic and glass, small playgrounds and only a few parks.
3 People in small towns or villages tend to be too nosy. They want to find out everything about
you and then go on gossiping about you, your family and friends, because they have nothing
else to do.
4 No one disturbs you in the evening, you can do what you want, where you want, while in the
city it seems like every time you’d like to be on your own, the phone or the doorbell rings.
1 0
5 In a city you can choose from a variety of sports and entertainment facilities that you can use
even in bad weather.
6 It’s just that it’s nőt in the papers or shown on television. Alsó, It takes the emergency services
three or even four times longer to get there to help you.
7 If you have a job or go to school, you probably spend hours every day commuting to the city
and you feel awful if you miss the only bús or get stuck in a traffic jam on the way.
People are friendly and helpful. Alsó,

they are a lót more active when it comes
to doing things fór their own community, <=>
such as renovating a school building or
planting trees.
Undisturbed natúré means public transport

is poor, so you TI have to use your own cár
<=> if you want to get anywhere, bút hundreds
of huge lorries go through the high street
every day.
In villages or out in the country life is

much safer. There’s no crime and children
<=>
can go anywhere unattended or play in the
street.
O f course it is, because there’s no sewage

<=> system, and in somé piaces there isn’t
even electricity.
A quiet viliágé is free from stress. It offers

you reál relaxation after a hard day at
<=>
work. No nőise, no flashing neon signs,
no crowds of people.
Life stops at 6 p.m. Everybody’s at home

and if you need somé medicine, if you
•e=> run out of bread before supper or have an
urgent letter to send, you have to get in
your cár or wait till the next day.
With all the walking and cycling, the

<=>
country makes you fitter and healthier.
a i
l ü i i t j ú b 'j w i n íí>j>5: biisad ujj p iriu ra s
C i i ' j - j j j d : y u j j i t j J if a

Types o f hom es in cities and in th e c ou ntry
A d va n ta g e s and disad van tag es o f co u n try life
A d va n ta g e s an d disad van tag es o f city life
Task 1
P repare to ta lk a b o u t th e to p ic a t le n g th , fó r a b o u t 6 -8 m in u te s . M a k e notes as you a re p re p a rin g .
Task 2

Types of homes in cities and in the country:
city: stúdió, flat/apartment/penthouse in a block (of flats)/apartment building/high-rise
building, townhouse, terraced house
suburb or country: detached house, semi-detached house
country: bungalow, farmhouse, mansion
Advantages of country life: quiet, spacious, clean air
Disadvantages of county life: slow, nőt much happens, few facilities or long distances to
facilities, poor or no public transport, exposed to natural forces
Advantages of city life: good public services and transport, facilities of entertainment, job
opportunities, schools, lots o f people to meet
Disadvantages of city life: noisy, polluted, crowded, ugly, stressful, full of dangers, more
expensive, a long way from natúré
Task 3
M atc h th e fo llo w in g q uestions a n d th e phrases. Use th e phrases to m a k e c o m p le te sentences.
1 Can you describe your present home? What do you/don’t you like about it?
2 In 20 years’ time, what kind of home do you think you will live in?
3 How can young people/couples afford to start their own lives in their own homes?
4 What do people like about living in a city?
5 What do people like about living in the country?
6 What are the drawbacks of city life?
7 What are the drawbacks of country life?
8 What are typical city and country homes in your country?
9 Why do people decide to live in a city or in the country?
city:
stúdió - fór single people
flat/apartment/penthouse in a block (of flats)/apartment building/high-rise building
townhouse
terraced house
suburb or country: detached house / semi-detached house
country: bungalow / farmhouse / mansion - rich person’s house
( 3 1
* lodgings / rent a fiat / buy a home of their own
* savé money / help from parents
bank loan / mortgage / monthly instalments
• depend on / family background

♦ childhood memories and experiences
# occupation / job
school/college/university
need fór facilities of a city
can’t bear the bustle of cities

long fór peace and quiet / nice landscape / close to natúré
spend time in your own garden
relaxing atmosphere, close relationships with neighbours
have to look after your home and garden yourself

poor shopping and entertainment facilities
poor public services (gas, sewage system, electricity)
♦ emergency services take a long time to get there
long was from work/school, friends
within easy reach of shopping

sports (gyms, swimming pools, sports fields, courts and tracks) and entertainment facilities
(cinemas, theatres, concert halls, museums, clubs, restaurants)
job opportunities / institutions of education
good public transport / high level of public services
constant nőise and air pollution from cars and factories

crowds of people everywhere
delays and stress caused by traffic jams
nőt enough space / too little green-space
h dangers of traffic and crime / children must be accompanied
live in the centre of / in a suburb

in a viliágé / out in the country
types of homes: stúdió, fiat, apartment, penthouse, townhouse, terraced house, detached
house, semi-detached house, bungalow, farmhouse, mansion
buildings: block (of flats)/apartment building, high-rise, multi-storey building; huge/small/
spacious, bright/sunny, modem/old-fashioned, on the fifth floor, attic, etc.
■ 0
V 'j C ú b ' j k í t j
a long way from sth (adv) a Ion w ei] távol vmitől

accompany sb (v) a'kAmpani] kísér vkit
ambulance (n) 'sembjalans] mentők
art scene (n) art siin] művészeti élet
attic (n) ’aetik] tetőtér
balanced (adj) 'baelanst] kiegyensúlyozott
bank loan (n) 'bser]k laun] banki kölcsön, hitel
be on one’s own (v) aun] egyedül van
bear (v) bea(r)] elvisel
block (of flats) (n) blük (av flaets)] többlakásos ház, háztömb
bright (adj) b ra it] világos, napfényes
bungalow (n) 'b A q g a l a u ] egyszintes ház
bustle (n) ’bASl] nyüzsgés
care about sth (v) kea(r)] törődik vmivel
cárt (n) kait] bevásárlókocsi
close (adj) klaus] szoros, közeli
community (n) ka'm juinati] közösség
commute (v) ka 'm ju it] ingázik (átv.)
concrete (n) 'kDt]kriit] beton
constant (adj) 'konstant] állandó
crowd (n) kraud] tömeg
delay (n) d i'le i] késés
detached house (n) di'tse tjt haus] családi ház
distance (n) 'distans] távolság
disturb (v) d i's t3 ib ] zavar
emergency services (n) i'm3:d3ansi ' s3:v is iz ] tűzoltók, mentők, rendőrség
employee (n) im 'p b ii:] alkalmazott
entertainment facilities (n) enta'teinm ant fa'silatiz] szórakozási lehetőségek
exposed to (adj) ik'spauzd] vminek kitett
fancy (adj) fsensi] puccos
farmhouse (n) faim haus] tanya
find out about sth (v) raind] megtud, információt szerez
fire brigádé (n) ['faia(r) bri'geid] tűzoltók
flashing (adj) t'flaejirj] villogó
free from sth (adj) [fri:] mentes vmitől
get stuck in a traffic jam (v) [get stAk in a 'traefik d3aem] dugóba kerül
gossip (v, n) [’gosip] pletykál, pletyka
grab (v) [graeb] megfog, megragad
green-space (n) [gri:n speis] zöld terület
hardship (n) [' ha idjip] nehézség, gond
have the better end of the deal [hasv 5a 'beta(r) end av öa jobban jár
(v) diil]
high-rise (adj) [’hairaiz] sokemeletes
institution of education (n) [.insti'tjuijn av ,ed3u'kei/n] oktatási intézmény
it’s just that... csak arról van szó, hogy...
keep to oneself (v) [ki:p] kerüli az embereket
landseape (n) flsendskeip] táj, vidék
likely (adj, adv) ['laikli] valószínű, valószínűleg
loeation (n) [lau'keijn] elhelyezkedés
lodgings (n) ['lodsiriz] albérlet
long fór sth (v) [Ion] vágyakozik vmire
look after sth/sb (v) [luk] karban tart vmit, vigyáz
vmire, gondoz vmit/vkit
lorry (n) (Br) ['lóri] teherautó
mansion (n) ['maen/n] nagy vidéki ház, kúria
mete out (v) [miit] kimér
metró area, metropolitan area ['m etrau 'earia, .metra'polxtan világváros és környéke
'earia]
miss sth (v) [mis] lekésik vmit, lemarad vmiről
monthly instalment (n) [’mAnOli in'stDilmant] havi részlet
mortgage (n) ['mDigid3] jelzálogkölcsön
multi-storey (adj) ['mAltistDiri] sokemeletes
naturaí forces (n) ['naet/ral ’foisiz] a természet erői
neighbourhood (n) [’neibahud] környék, szomszédság
neon sign (n) ['niion sain] neonreklám
nosy (adj) ['nauzi] kíváncsi, kíváncsiskodó
opportunity (n) [.opa'tjuinati] lehetőség
penthouse (n) [’penthaus] divatos, modem lakás
pollution (n) [ p a 'l u i / n ] (kömyezet)szennyezés
poor (adj) [pDi(r)] alacsony színvonalú, rossz
population (n) [.popju'leijn] lakosság, népesség
public transport (n) ['pAblik 'trasnspDit] tömegközlekedés
punishment (n) [’pAníJmsnt] büntetés
pút up with sth (v) [pút] elvisel, eltűr vmit
recommend (v) [.reka'mend] ajánl, javasol
renovate (v) ['renaveit] felújít
rent(v) [rent] bérel
rob at gunpoint (v) [rob at 'gAnpDint] fegyverrel kirabol
run out of sth (v) [rAn] vkinek elfogy vmije
rural (adj) [’ruaral] vidéki
semi-detached house (n) ['semidi'taetjt haus] ikerház
sewage system (n) ['su:id3 'sistam] szennyvízhálózat
shrug (v) [frA g ] vállat von
space (n) [speis] tér, terület
spacious (adj) ['speijas] tágas
stress (n) [stres] feszültség
stúdió (n) ['stjuidiau] garzonlakás
suburb (n) fs A b s ib ] kertváros, külváros
suffer from sth (v) ['S A Ía (r )] szenved vmitől
surround (v) [sa'raund] bekerít, körbefog
swipe (v) [swaip] elcsen
tend to be/do sth (v) [tend] általában valamilyen/valamit
tesz
terraced house (n) ['terast] sorház
thriving (adj) [Graivir]] virágzó
townhouse (n) ['taunhaus] városi családi ház
traffic jam (n) ['traefik d3aem] közlekedési dugó
unattended (adv) [.Ana'tendid] felügyelet nélkül
undisturbed (adj) [,Andi'st3 :bd] háborítatlan
urgent (adj) ['3:d3ant] sürgős
venue (n) ['venju:] hely(szín)
way of life (n) [wei av laif] életmód
within easy reach of (adv) [wi'öin 'i:zi ri:tjl könnyen elérhető
H
"Marriage is like a mousetrap. Those on the outside are trying to get in.
Those on the inside are trying to get out."
The more, the merrier?

Why are married people happier, healthier, and better off flnancially? What is so great about
being married?
The old saying "Two can live as cheaply as one" isn't exactly true. Two do appear to be able
to live as cheaply as one and a half persons, though.
Married mén are more successful in work as w'ell, getting promoted more often and receiving
higher performance appraisals.
Married people live longer as well. Single mén have mortality rates that are 250% higher than
married mén. Single women have mortality rates that are 50% higher than married women.
Single mén drink twice as much as married mén, and one out of four say their drinking causes
problems. Only one o f seven married mén says the same.
There are several benefits and downsides to raising children in both large and small families
which can help or hinder a child's development, and how close their bond to their parents is.
Raising children in a large family can be helpful to children’s social development because
having a lót of siblings to interact with constantly will help a child to develop faster, and
will mean they encounter and experience things through their older siblings faster than other
children. There is alsó the factor that they will always have their siblings to protect and look
after them while they are growing up, which can help them to be more confident.
However, raising a child in a large family unit as a parent can make your bond with them
weaker as you don't have as much time per child to interact, meaning they might nőt be
as close to you in the future. This can make them more independent which can be good;
however, they are alsó more likely to separate themselves completely from the family in their
teenage years, from a need to be the centre of attention.
Raising children in a smaller family is better, because it lets you form a closer bond with
the child, which will last all their lives, and without the protection of having a lót of siblings
in, fór example, a school environment will make your child more self reliant in themselves,
rather than because you aren't that close to them.
El
tele Part 1 - Presentation
You are e x p e c ted to g ive a sho rt p re s e n ta tio n to y o u r p artn e r(s ) on o n e o f th e fo llo w in g topics.
you should a n s w e r y o u r p artn e r's q uestions a fte rw a rd s .
like to ask.
Describe your family and the people (appearance and personality) in it. What do you/don’t you like
about being an only child/having brothers and sisters?
OR
How do you imagine your aduit life? How will it be different from your life now?
tele Part 2 - Giving opinion

Read th e tex t(s) on th e previous p ag e . Discuss th e c o n te n t o f th e tex t(s) w ith y o u r p a rtn e r. Teli
h e r/h im y o u r o p in io n : g ive reasons a n d personal exam p le s to s u p p o rt y o u r ideas. T a lk a b o u t

You and your p artn e r are talkin g ab o u t a com m on friend w h o has ju s t g ot m arried. Should they
have a b ab y as soon as possible or should th e y focus on th e ir careers and professional success? Why?
Consider and discuss th e details. Teli yo u r p artn e r you r ideas and try to com e to an agre e m e n t.
ECL Part 1 - Introduction

In this p a rt s tu d en ts a re asked to in tro d u c e th e m s e lv e s and exc h a n g e p erson al in fo rm a tio n .
ECL Part 2 - Picture deseription

a i
UÍ3SU3-3ÍÍÍJJ / I>3Í>U>Í;
Do y o u a g re e o r d isag ree w ith th e fo llo w in g statem en ts? Use reasons a n d exam p les to s u p p o rt
"Large families are a thing o fth e pást. The modern fam ily is better o ff and there's no need fór several genera-
tions to live together."
I absolutely agree. In the pást, people simply couldn't afford to live on their
own when they grew old, so the younger generations had to look after them
in every way.
Well, this might be true. However, several generations living together

has lots of benefits fór the whole family, too. Take the grandparents, fór
example, who are never too busy to deal with the kids.
Task 1
T h in k o f fu r th e r a rg u m e n ts fó r a n d aga in s t th e s ta te m e n t and w rite th e m in th e ta b le .
Fór Against
* <=>
* <=í> *
* <=> *
Task 2
C o m p le te th e ta b le w ith these a rg u m e n ts . T h e y are NŐT in th e correct ord er.
1 Where there are grandparents who can help, the parents don't lose the chance to spend time
with each other.
2 Where there are four or more children, the bigger ones can help the parents look after the
smaller ones.
3 Small families teach that everybody should take responsibility fór their own lives.
4 Members of small families, where everybody is together all the time, can build really strong
relationships.
■ 0
5 In modem, small families the parents can pay enough attention to the kids. They couldn't do
that with four or more children.
6 In large families with several generations children leam to care fór other people while they
are still young.
7 Grandparents (and great grandparents) can take an active part in running the household.
In small families, with both parents busy

working, the kids can leam that they <=>
should take care of themselves.
In families with only one or two children

the kids often feel they are the centre of
<=>
the universe and expect everybody to treat
them like this.
A lót of children make a lót more mess

than just one or two, and there are always <=>
rows and fighting among them.
The more children there are in a family,

the easier it is fór them to fmd someone to
<=>
turn to, and the more there is fór them to
leam from the big ones.
A small family means less time that must

be spent on household chores: fewer dirty «=>
dishes, less laundry. etc.
In multi-generation families children leam

in time that people of different ages have
different views and problems.
Grandparents will always treat their

aduit children like small ones and tend
to always know better than them, driving
them mad.
\
.
T uJldjjy u h u i n u íu p ís ű u s a d u jj '/ícintm
f u jjiijy

T h e b en efits a n d d raw backs o f b ein g single
Choosing th e p e rfe c t p a rtn e r - fó r th e rest o f y o u r life?
M a rrie d life, h avin g child ren : jo y and d ifficu lties
Task 1
Task 2
C o m p are y o u r n otes w ith th e fo llo w in g suggestions:

Things you can do while you are single / you can't do when you are married
0
Characteristics of a partner in a long-lasting relationship: choosing a husband/wife - lőve or
cáréiul arrangement
Wedding arrangements, the ceremony
Having children: new responsibilities
Teenage conflicts, generation gap
The life and role of grandparents
Task 3
M atch th e fo llo w in g q uestions a n d th e phrases. Use th e phrases to m a k e c o m p le te sentences.
G ive y o u r answ ers in several sentences.
1 How are marriages (and weddings) usually arranged in Hungary?

2 How can grandparents take part in a family's life?
3 How do you think things change when you decide to live with another person?
4 It is often said that teenagers can be really difficult to handle. What are somé of the typical
problems?
5 These days a lót of people don't start a family until they are over thirty or even more. Why?
6 What are the drawbacks of being single?
7 What happens to the elderly when they can no longer live their everyday lives without other
people's help? What do you think is the ideál way to deal with such situations?
8 What might single people say is good about living on their own?
9 What new responsibilities do babies bring intő the family?
can't fmd/wait fór the reál thing

prefer staying with parents and being looked after
want to enjoy the freedom of single life
decide to obtain a few more qualifícations/build career first
achieve professional success
savé enough money to start a family
do what they want when they want

spend time with friends
don't have to adapt to and tolerate others’ habits/tastes
no responsibility fór others
get involved in several relationships
try different partners
no one at home to share your thoughts/feelings with

feel bored
no one to tűm to fór help in difficult situations
have to pay fór and run a complete household on their own
mm 5
meet someone, fali in lőve with, go out with someone
ask to marry/decide to get married
engagement, exchange engagement rings
organise wedding: have bridal dress made, get an appointment at the Registrar's office, invite
guests
wedding ceremony, bride, groom, best mán, wedding rings, wedding reception
have to respect partner's different views

tolerate/adapt to different habits
discuss things
decide together
give and take
share responsibilities
make a compromise
behave in a reliable way
change nappies
feed/play with/walk/bathe/put baby to bed
get up during the night
worry about minor illness
have to be with baby all the time
don't listen to parents, don't accept parents' opinions

fali back in/lag behind with studies
reluctant to spend time with parents/to keep their rooms tidy/to share the housework, lie
stay out laté
hang out with the wrong sort of people
keep company
look after kids
do the cooking and other housework
help with homework
help to resolve conflicts
♦ give advice
younger generations look after them

make them feel important
hire a nurse
take them to hospital
send them to an old people's home
leave them alone
1 0
achieve sth (v) [9'tjKV] elér vmit
adapt to sth/sb (v) [a'daept] alkalmazkodik vmihez/vkihez
appearance (n) [a'piarans] külső, megjelenés
appraisal (n) [a'preizl] elismerés, értékelés
arrangement (n) [a'reind3mant] előkészület
bathe (v) [beid] fürdet
benefit (n) ['ben ifit] előny
best mán (n) [best maen] a vőlegény tanúja
bond (n) [bond] kötődés, kapcsolat
bride (n) [braid] menyasszony
(bride)groom (n) [’braidgruim ] vőlegény
build a relationship (v) [bild a ri'leijnjip] kapcsolatot épít
can/could afford to do sth (v) [a'fjid] anyagilag megengedhet magának
vmit
career (n) [ka'ria(r)] karrier, szakmai életpálya
close (bond) (adj) [klaus] szoros (kötelék)
confident (adj) ['konfidant] magabiztos
constantly (adv) ['konstantli] állandóan
degree (n) [di'gri:] diploma
downside (n) [’daunsaid] árnyoldal, hátrány
encounter (v) [in'kaunta(r)] tapasztal vmit, találkozik vmivel
engagement (n) [in'geidsm ant] eljegyzés
engagement ring (n) [in'geidsm ant rir]] jegygyűrű
exchange engagement rings (v) [ik s'tjein d 3 in 'g eid 3mant jegygyűrűt vált
rirjz]
factor (n) ['faekta(r)] tényező
fali back in sth (v) [fo :\] lemarad vmiben
get involved in sth (v) [get in'vplvd] belemegy/belekerül vmibe
give and take (v) [giv an teik] ad és elfogad
hang out with sb (v) [haer)] lóg/időt tölt vkivel
hinder (v) ['hinda(r)] hátráltat, megnehezít
hire sb (v) ['haia(r)] felfogad/felvesz vkit
independent (adj) [.indi'pendant] független
interact (v) [.intar'aekt] beszélget, foglalkozik vkivel
keep sb company (v) [kiip], ['kAmpsni] együtt van vkivel, szórakoztat vkit
lag behind with sth (v) [ la g ] lemaradásban van
last(v) [laist] tart vmeddig
likely to do sth (adj) ['laikli] valószínű, hogy csinál vmit
long-lasting (adj) [Joryiaistír)] hosszan tartó
look after sb (v) [luk] gondoskodik vkiről
make a compromise (v) [meik a 'kom pramaiz] kompromisszumot köt
mortality rate (n) [mDi'tselsti reit] halálozási arány
mousetrap (n) ['maustraep] egércsapda
nappy (n) ['naepi] pelenka
obtain (v) [ab'tein] (meg)szerez
old people’s home (n) [auld 'piiplz haum] idősek otthona
on the inside (adv) [.in'said] belül
on the outside (adv) [.aut'said] kívül
personality (n) [,p3isa'naelati] személyiség
professional (adj) [pra'fejsnl] szakmai
promote (v) [pra'maut] előléptet
protect (v) [pra'tekt] megvéd
raise a child (v) [reiz] gyermeket nevel
Registrar (n) [,red3i'stra:(r)] anyakönyvvezető
Registrar's office (n) [,red3i'stra :z 'ofis] anyakönyvi hivatal
relatíve ['relatív] rokon
reluctant to do sth (adj) [ri'lAktant] vonakodik vmit megtenni
resolve (v) [ri'zolv] felold, megold
run the household (v) [rAn öa ’haushauld] vezeti a háztartást
school environment (n) [s ku: 1 in'vairanm ant] iskolai környezet
self-reliant (adj) t.selfri'laiant] önálló
separate oneself (v) ['separeit] elkülönül
share in sth (v) Uea(r)] kiveszi a részét vmiből
share sth with sb (v) LTea(r)] megoszt vmit vkivel
sibling (n) ['síblír}] testvér
start a family (v) [stait] családot alapít
stay out (v) [stei] kimarad (szórakozni)
take responsibility fór sth (v) [teik ri.sponsa'bilati] felelősséget vállal vmiért
■El
tolerate (v) ['tolareit] eltűr, elvisel
view (n) [vjui] nézet, vélemény
walk sb (v) [wD:k] sétáltat
wedding (ceremony) (n) ['wediq 'seramani] esküvő
wedding reception (n) ['wediq ri'sepjn] lakodalom
wedding/bridal dress (n) ['w ediq/'braidl dres] menyasszonyi ruha
well off (better, the best) (adj) [wel, 'beta(r), best] jómódú
aunt [a:nt] nagybácsi
brother-in-law t‘brAÖa(r)inbi] sógor
father-in-law ['fa:öa(r)inb:] após
mother-in-law ['mAÖa(r)inb:] anyós
nephew ['nefju:] unokaöcs
niece [niis] unokahúg
sister-in-law ['sista(r)inb:] sógornő
uncle [■Anki] nagybácsi
ambitious [aem'bijas] céltudatos
arrogant ['aeragant] arrogáns
charming ['t/aimit]] elbűvölő
confident [' konfidant] magabiztos
decisive [di'saisiv] határozott
determined [di't3imind] eltökélt
forgetful [fa'getfl] feledékeny
generous [’d 3enaras] nagyvonalú
helpful [’helpfl] segítőkész
kind [kaind] kedves
mean [mi:n] fukar
outgoing ['autgauiq] barátkozó
sensible ['sensabl] okos
sensitive ['sensatív] érzékeny
shy [fai] félénk
sociable [’saujabl] társaságkedvelő
stubbom ['stAban] makacs
volatile [Volatail] csapongó
7 , h ^ n itb und ÍJ J u ^
“A diet is when you watch w hat you eat and wish you could eat w hat you watch."
Adj üst your diet

Diet plays a major role nőt only in promoting health, bút what you eat (and drink) alsó has a
calming or excitatory effect on your body and mind.
If you want to be calmer and less rushed, completely remove foods such as coffee, alcohol
and chocolate from your diet. Drink lots of water. Alsó limit sugary foods, such as cakes,
doughnuts, pastries, even artificially sweetened fruit juices.
The Habit of Rushing
Today's kids are as overscheduled, stressed and rushed as their parents are. Teaching them to
have a more relaxed natúré will help them succeed in having a productive, satisfying life.
Many of us, particularly those who live and work in cities are always rushing around.
Sometimes it is necessary to hurry in order to catch the train to get to work or school on time,
or to meet the 10 o'clock deadline.
However, the occasions when we genuinely need to rush are really a lót less frequent than we
convince ourselves. The simple truth is that rushing has become a habit fór many of us. And
it has a negative effect on our mentái and physical health.
Stop rushing
If it is neither necessary nor effective, make an active effort to change that habit. Identify
exactly how you can slow down. In my case, I simply practice strolling or walking slowly.
It's never easy to break a habit bút it is well worth.
Slowing down fór bed time
Reading before bedtime must alsó be regulated. A lót of adults read themselves to sleep. I
advise against this, as it keeps your mind in high alert mode. However, if you must read,
refrain from reading excitable material. Suspense novels and thrillers will keep your mind
working long after you have fallen asleep - interfering with restful sleep. Instead of waking
refreshed you will wake tired and enervated.
81
5 ,süjji ru slss

You are e x p e c ted to g iv e a sho rt p re s e n ta tio n to y o u r p artn e r(s ) on o n e o f th e fo llo w in g topics.
(The p ro m p ts in brackets m ay h elp you .) Y o u r p re s e n ta tio n should ta k e a b o u t 9 0 seconds and
you should an s w e r y o u r p artn er's questio ns a fte rw a rd s .
like to a s k .
How healthy do you think your lifestyle is? What could you do to make it even healthier?
OR
Why is it important fór you to lead a healthy lifestyle? What negative effects does an unhealthy
lifestyle have?

Read th e tex t(s) on th e previous p ag e . Discuss th e c o n te n t o f th e te x t(s ) w ith y o u r p a rtn e r. Teli
h e r/h im y o u r o p in io n : g ive reasons a n d personal e x a m p le s to s u p p o rt y o u r ideas. T alk a b o u t
y o u r o w n e x p e rie n c e w ith th e p ro b le m s m e n tio n e d an d possible solutions.

You and y o u r p a rtn e r h ave d ecid ed to ta k e up re g u la r exercise to g e th e r. Consider a n d discuss
th e d etails (ac tiv ity , tim e , fre q u e n c y , piacé, costs, personal p references). Teli y o u r p a rtn e r yo u r
ideas an d try to com e to an a g re e m e n t.

ECL Part 2 - Picture deserip tion

ü l
Do you a g re e or d isag ree w ith th e fo llo w in g s ta te m e n t? Use reasons and specific exam p le s to
s u p p o rt y o u r o p in io n . C o nduct a d e b a te w ith y o u r p a rtn e r a b o u t th e s ta te m e n t b elo w .
"A healthy way o flife is merely a m atter o f money. The more money you have, the healthier you r lifestyle is.
A ll in all, only rich people can lead a healthy way o flife ."
I absolutely agree. Time is money and the more money you have, the less
you have to work and the more time you can spend in a healthy way.
Well, this might be true. However, although it sounds logical, if you look
at rich people’s lives, you will see that most of them are either overweight,
suffer from stress or have addictions.
Task 1
T h in k o f fu rth e r a rg u m e n ts fó r and aga in s t th e s ta te m e n t and w rite th e m in th e ta b le .
Task 2
C o m p le te th e ta b le w ith th e s e a rg u m e n ts . T h e y are NŐT in th e correct o rd er.
1 A really healthy way oflife requires healthy surroundings and only rich people can buy homes
in areas where the environment isn't polluted.
2 If you do exercise after work or school, you won't have any free time left to spend with your
friends and family.
3 Most nutritional supplements, such as vitamins and minerals are rather expensive, so you
need to spend quite a lót on them.
4 Nőt all expensive foods are good fór you and there are a lót of cheap ingredients, too. With a
bit of knowledge and care, you can make up a healthy, balanced diet.
mm
Jj . iiJ ii)
People with loads of money worry all the time about how to make even more, so money
doesn't make their lives less stressful.
The floor of your home, the streets and parks are always there fór everybody to do exercise or
go jogging, which is absolutely free.
You can do exercise while going to work or school and back home: walk or ride a bike instead
of driving or sitting on buses.
People in jobs are too tired and have no

time left to do exercise after a hard day <=>
at work
You can find activities in which you could

involve friends or family members.
You can only buy good quality, really

fresh, healthy food if you don't have to <t=>
count every penny.
You don't need them if you leam a little

about your food and if you are aware
<=>
of which foods contain the necessary
amounts.
Going to fitness rooms and gyms, or

buying the latest exercise equipment is <=>
really costly.
It doesn't matter much, as long as they

spend more time in their cars and offices
<=> in city centres than at home. Wherever
you live, you've always got the choice to
live more healthily.
Stress is really bad fór us all, and only

those who have no everyday money <=>
problems can be free of it.
U íü s r y J a íh j íí h a -jJ iíj

A d dictio ns an d th e ir effects
Fást fo o d a n d h e a lth y d ie t
C o m m o n illnesses and th e ir tre a tm e n t
IE 9
Task 1
P repare to ta lk a b o u t th e to p ic a t le n g th , fó r a b o u t 6 -8 m in u te s . M a k e notes as you are p re p a rin g .
Task 2

The most widespread addictions and their effects on those addicted and the people around
them: smoking, alcohol, drugs
Fást food mania: the effects of advertisements and foreign cultures
Healthy diet: what we really need and what we don't - the diet pyramid
♦ The characteristics of traditional Hungárián cooking
Everyday and common illnesses. cold and flu and their symptoms, high blood pressure, heart
disease
At the doctor's: examination, diagnosis, at the chemist's
Task 3
M atch th e fo llo w in g questio ns and th e phrases. Use th e phrases to m a k e c o m p le te sentences.
1 A lót of people condemn fást food. What's wrong with it? Why do so many people still lőve
it?
2 How does drug and alcohol addiction affect the lives of people around those who are addicted?
3 How healthy is traditional Hungárián cooking. Why? What are the typical ingredients?
4 One advertisement says, 'Second hand smoke kills'. What does that mean? What has been
done to protect non-smokers?
5 What are the most common addictions? Why and how do people get addicted to them?
6 What are the routine examinations at the GP or a speciálist? What treatments are usually
suggested?
7 What is a healthy diet made up of? What are somé food ingredients we don't really need at
all?
8 What symptoms do we have with a common cold or flu? What illnesses can an unhealthy way
of life cause?
smoking, alcohol, drug taking

do it fór a dare / thought to be cool / show off infront of others
bad example of adults
influence of films / pressure from friends
get addicted gradually bút quickly
non-smokers breathe in smoke from smokers’ cigarettes
as dangerous as direct smoking
smoking banned is most public piaces
separate rooms fór smokers and non-smokers in most restaurants
addicts lose control

antisocial behaviour / spend all money on alcohol or drugs
steal from parents / drop out of school / get involved in crime to get money
rain lives of friends and family
contains cheap, low quality ingredients, artifícial additives

expensive
advertisements, commercials appeal to young people
a thing of the developed West / thought to be cool and trendy
the diet pyramid: the most needed at the bottom, the least needed at the top
cereals, vegetables and frait, dairy products, meat and físh
foods rich in fát or sugár
according to modem standards nőt very healthy

doesn't contain enough vegetables
too much pork and too little físh
too much oil or fát / too much salt, too spicy
fried meats / hot stews
bad cough / runny nőse / soré throat

headache
pain in the limbs
high temperature
feel weak and tired
high blood pressure / stroke / (coronary) heart disease
look at one's throat

listen to one's breathing with a stethoscope
feel one's glands
take one's pulse and blood pressure
X-ray
write out a prescription
stay in bed fór a few days
lots of liquid
take pills/painkillers/antibiotics
mm
a matter of sth (n) ['masta(r)] vmi kérdése, múlik vmin
addicted (adj) [a'diktid] függő, szenvedélybeteg
addiction (n) [a'dikjn] függőség
additive (n) ['asdatív] adalék( anyag)
adjust (v) [a 'd 3 A S t] kiigazít, beállít
advertisement (n) [ad'vBitismant] hirdetés, reklám
alert (adj) [9'lBIt] éber
all in all [diI in o:\] mindent egybevetve
antibiotics (n) [.aentibai'ütiks] antibiotikum
appeal to sb (v) [a'piil] vonzó vki számára
artificially (adv) [,a iti'fijal i] mesterségesen
bad cough (n) [baed kof] erős köhögés
balanced (adj) [’bcelanst] kiegyensúlyozott
bán (v) [baen] betilt
be made up of sth (v) [meid] áll vmiből
behaviour (n) [bi'heivja(r)] magatartás
blood pressure (n) [bUd 'preja(r)] vérnyomás
break a habit (v) [breik a ’haebit] szakít egy szokással
breathe (v) [bri i5] lélegez
calming (adj) [ka:mir]] nyugtató
care (n) [kea(r)] odafigyelés, gondoskodás
cereals (n) ['siarialz] gabonafélék
chemist’s (n) ['kemists] gyógyszertár, drogéria
commercial (n) [ka'msi/l] reklám, hirdetés
common cold (n) ['komán kauld] meghűlés
condemn (v) [kan'dem] elítél
convince sb/oneself (v) [kan'vins] meggyőz vkit, meggyőzi magát
coronary (heart) disease (n) ['koranri h ait di'ziíz] szívkoszorú-elmeszesedés
dairy products (n) ['deari 'prpdAkts] tejtermékek
deadline (n) ['dedlain] határidő
diagnosis (n) [.daiag'nausis] diagnózis
diet (n) ['daiat] étrend; diéta
doughnut (n) ['daunAt] fánk
drug (n) [drAg] drog, kábítószer
enervated (adj) [’enaveitid] kimerült
environment (n) [in'vairanmant] környezet
excitable (adj) [ik'saitabl] izgató, nyugtalanító
fást food (n) [fa: st fűid] gyorséttermi ételek
feel sth (v) [fi:l] megtapint vmit
fór a dare [dea(r)] fogadásból
frequent (adj) ['friikwant] gyakori
fried (adj) [fraid] zsiradékban sült
genuinely (adv) [’djenjuinli] igazán, valóban
get involved in sth (v) [in'volvd] belekeveredik vmibe
gland (n) [glaend] mandula
GP (= General Practitioner) (n) [,d3i: 'Pi:l háziorvos
gradually (adv) ['graed3U3li] fokozatosan
have an effect on sth (v) [haev 9n i'fekt] hatással van vmire
heart disease (n) [ha:t di'ziiz] szívbetegség
identify (v) [ai'dentifai] azonosít
influence (n) [’influans] befolyás, hatás
ingredient (n) [in'g ri :d iant] alapanyag
interfere (v) [,inta'fia(r)] beavatkozik, megzavar
lead a way of life/a lifestyle (v) [Mid] vmilyen életmódot folytat
limb (n) [lim] végtag
limit (n) ['limit] korlátoz
liquid (n) ['likwid] folyadék
lose control (v) [1uíz kan'traul] elveszti az önuralmát
major (adj) ['meid39(r)] jelentős, fő
make an effort (v) [meik 'efat] erőfeszítést tesz
make up (v) [meik] összeállít
mentái (adj) ['menti] szellemi
merely (adv) ['mial i] csupán
mind (n) [maind] lélek
minerals (n) [’minaralz] ásványi anyagok
nutritional supplement (n) [nju'trijanl 'sAplimant] táplálékkiegészítő
occasion (n) [a'keijn] alkalom
■ E 9
overweight (adj) [,3UV3'weit] túlsúlyos
painkiller (n) ['peinkxla(r)] fáj dalomcsillapító
pastry (n) [’peistri] péksütemény
physical (health) (adj) ['fizikl hel0] testi (egészség)
preseription (n) [pri'skrip/n] (orvosi) recept, vény
pressure from sb (n) ['preja(r)] nyomás vki részéről
productive (adj) [pra'dAktív] alkotó
promote (v) [pra'maut] elősegít
refrain from doing sth (v) [ri'frein] tartózkodik vmitől
regulate (v) ['regjuleit] szabályoz
remove (v) [ri'muiv] eltávolít, kivesz
require (v) [ri'kwaia(r)] igényel
restiül (adj) [’restfl] pihentető
rain (v) [’runn] tönkretesz
rushed (adj) [rAjt] hajszolt
second hand smoke (n) ['sekand haend smauk] passzív dohányzás
show off (v) Lfsu] felvág
soré throat (n) [sDi(r) Braut] gyulladt torok, torokfájás
sound + adj (v) [saund] hangzik vmilyennek
stroke (n) [strauk] agyvérzés
stroll (v) [straul] sétál
succeed in doing sth (v) [sak'siid] sikerül megcsinálni vmit
suffer from sth (v) ['sAfa(r)] szenved vmiben/vmitől
sugary (adj) ['/ugari] cukros, cukortartalmú
suggest (v) [sa'd3est] javasol
surroundings (n) [sa'raundiQz] (közvetlen) környezet
suspense (n) [sa'spens] feszültség, izgalom
sweetened (adj) ['swiitnd] édesített
symptom (n) ['simptam] tünet
take drugs (v) [teik drAgz] drogozik
take one’s pulse/blood pressure [teik ], ['pre/a(r)] megméri vki pulzusát/
(v) vérnyomását
treatment (n) ['triitmant] kezelés
trendy (adj) ['trendi] divatos
widespread (adj) [’waidspred] elterjedt
& Z p ü fí
"As I understand it, sport is hard work fór which you do n őt get paid. "Irvin S. Cobb
Is the Olympic spirit dead?

The largest ever Olympic Games are now well underway. More than 10,000 athletes are
taking part, watched on television by half the world's population.
Television companies and corporate sponsors are paying more than one billión dollars fór the
right to screen or associate themselves with these games.
Along with world records tumbling, however, stories of drag-taking make headlines every
day, as athletes come under increasing pressure to perform. Off the track, the games' ruling
body, the International Olympic Committee. is still reeling from allegations of corruption.
According to the Olympic Creed, the most important thing is nőt to win bút to take part. Bút
has all the money killed the Olympic spirit? Are the modem games about sportsmanship and
glory or about the pursuit of profit?
There are two "Olympic Ideas". The one of de Coubertin who was blue-eyed and out of the
world and the original ones in ancient Greece. The original one is alive and well. It always
meant big money and benefits to be an Olympian winner. The idea of de Coubertin was a lie,
an ideál. It cannot work anymore in a world with the free flow of information.
Dániel
The Olympic Games is a celebration of humán achievement. Consider the planning and
organising that goes intő getting all those people in the same piacé at the same time. Think
about the designing and building of magnificent sporting facilities, ceremonies and costumes.
How marvellous is the technology that enables instantaneous world-wide média and even
personal communication on such a scale? These are all humán achievements. Yet the ultimate
celebration is that everything comes together, so we can recognise and pay tribute to the
mén and women who are truly the best that anyone can be, using only what God gave them.
Commercialism and economics is what makes such an event possible.
Julié
Does it really matter whether the Olympic ideál has been lost? It is about people competing
against each other in a non-violent sports environment. It makes a lót of people feel good
about themselves and others fór a short while.
It rewards good performers with accolades and if they are lucky, somé money.
Jón
(The p ro m p ts in brackets m a y h elp you .) Y o ur p re s e n ta tio n should ta k e a b o u t 9 0 seconds and
W h ile y o u r p a rtn e r is g iv in g h is /h e r p re s e n ta tio n , listen a n d th in k o f th e q uestions you w o u ld
like to ask.
A memorable sporting event you've recently taken part in/seen.

OR
The rules of a popular team sport or of a team sport you like doing/watching and the equipment
used.
te le Part 2 - G iving o p in io n
Read th e tex t(s) on th e p reviou s p ag e. Discuss th e c o n te n t o f th e tex t(s) w ith y o u r p a rtn e r. Teli
h e r/h im y o u r o p in io n : g iv e reasons a n d personal exam p le s to s u p p o rt y o u r ideas. T alk a b o u t

You an d y o u r p a rtn e r h ave d ecid ed to set up a c h a rity sports e v e n t to g e th e r. Consider a n d discuss
th e d eta ils (w hich spo rt, p artic ip a n ts , spectators, piacé, tim e , sponsors). Teli y o u r p a rtn e r y o u r

In this p a rt s tu d en ts are asked to in tro d u c e th em selves an d exc h a n g e personal in fo rm a tio n .

mm
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Use reasons and specific examples to
support your opinion. Conduct a debate with your partner about the statement below.
"Sport and money shouldn't go together and only really am ateur sport should be encouraged."
1 absolutely agree. The last few Olympics have shown clearly that these
events are more about business and professionalism than the original aim
of sport.
Well, this might be true. However, this has always been the same. Perhaps
it's just that the richer the world is, the more money goes intő sport.
Task 1
Fór Against
* *
* <=> *
* <=> ♦
Task 2
1 Without “generous” sponsors in the background, sportsmen wouldn't use illegal drugs and
subject themselves to unknown risks.
2 Watching sports is entertainment, and high level professional sport is a lót more fun to watch
than clumsy beginners.
3 Totally amateur sport would be free from hooliganism and violence.
4 They are idols and heroes to millions of people around the world and their success can
encourage those millions to take up a sport.
5 Sport should be a natural part of a healthy way of life fór everybody, nőt just those who are
paid fór it.
El
6 Professional sport makes a lót of money and, through taxes, a lót of it goes intő public sport
eventually.
7 Only reál amateur sport can ensure fair competition.
Professional sport doesn't exclude anybody

<i=> from doing it fór fun or to keep fit.
If we spent all that money on public sport,

every school could have a gym and every <=>
town a swimming pool.
__________________________________ Wherever there's the chance of winning

__________________________________ <=> or losing, there will always be somé who
__________________________________ cheat in one way or another.
Famous professional sports stars often tűm __________________________________

out to be unworthy of our admiration. <=> __________________________________
__________________________________ These phenomena would still be present

__________________________________ v ’ without any kind of sport.
Amateur events would only attract reál __________________________________

supporters, nőt the aggressive mob. " ___________________________________
__________________________________ It's in humán natúré that we always want

__________________________________ <=> to achieve more, run faster, climb higher,
__________________________________ whatever the risks or the costs.
T ulJdjíy ú b ' j ' j l ú ítiizail ujj p ic iu r a s
Z lt u tiz
Describe th e pictures a n d th e n ta lk a b o u t th e to p ic th e y illu s tra te . Inclu de th e fo llo w in g points:

D iffe re n t typ es o f sport
O rd in a ry a n d e x tre m e sports
T h e im p o rta n c e o f sport
Task 1
A rra n g e y o u r th o u g h ts in a logical w a y .
1 0
— ........
Task 2

Team and individual sports
The most popular sports in Hungary and around the world
The benefits of doing sport regularly
Why people do extreme sports
PE and school/college sport in Hungary and in English-speaking countries
Sports you've ever done and sports you would like to try/do
Task 3
M atc h th e fo llo w in g q uestions and th e phrases. Use th e phrases to m a k e c o m p le te sentences.
1 How important is PE at schools and colleges in your country? How important are they in
English-speaking countries?
2 More and more people are getting involved in extreme sports. What do they enjoy about
them? What extreme sport do you know of? What personal experiences do you have?
3 What team and individual sports do you know of?
4 What sport do you do/have you ever done/are you thinking of taking up? Talk about the
details.
5 Which are most popular sports to do and watch in your country?
6 Why is regular sport important fór the individual? What other benefits can it have?
team sports: American football, soccer, handball, volleyball, basketball, water polo, tennis,
badminton, ice hockey
individual sports: athletics, gymnastics, swimming, speed and figure skating, cross-country
and downhill skiing
soccer - by far the most popular: football fields in every viliágé, thousands of amateur teams
around the country, fanatic and aggressive supporters around the most popular teams
team sports in which the national team is successful: handball, water polo
basketball/streetball - doesn’t require much space
* keeps you fit

strengthens your muscles
improves endurance, stamina and mentái health
teaches you concentration, discipline and co-operation
meet new people, make friendships
excitement, experience, challenge
sense of achievement, higher adrenalin level
danger, risk-taking
parachuting, paragliding, hang-gliding, white water canoeing/rafting, caving, mountaineering,
rock-climbing, diving, etc.
has tried
liked the speed/view/mysterious surroundings
Hungary: doesn’t ránk very high, students don’t take it very seriously, facilities often missing,
two or three classes a week
English speaking countries: long tradition of college and university sport: athletics, rowing,
rugby, football (American), rivalry between institutions
I’ve tried several sports, when I was a child

I did/started, took up
had good results, was first/second in championship
stopped/had to stop because
too exhausting/expensive
lack of time
accolade (n) ['aekaleid] elismerésjutalom

achieve sth (v) [a'tjiiv] elér vmit
achievement (n) [a'tjiivmant] eredmény
admiration (n) [.aedma'reijn] csodálat
allegation (n) [.asls'geijn] állítás, vád
amateur (adj) ['aemstaír)] nem hivatásszerű, amatőr
associate (v) [3'saujieit] társít
attract (v) [s'traekt] vonz
background (n) [’baekgraund] háttér
badminton (n) ['baedmintan] tollaslabda
be present (v) ['preznt] jelen van
be underway (v) [,Anda'wei] folyamatban van, zajlik
benefit (n) [’bem fit] előny
billión (n) ['biljan] milliárd
o
caving (n) ['keivírj] barlangászás
celebration (n) [.seli'breijn] ünneplés
challenge (n) [’tjaelind3] kihívás
championship (n) ['tjaem pianjip] bajnokság
charity (n, adj) ['tja e ra ti] jótékonyság, jótékony célú
cheat (v) [tjiit] csal
clumsy (adj) [■klAm zi] ügyetlen, esetlen
come under pressure (v) [k A m 'preja(r)] nyomás alá kerül
commercialism (n) [ka'm3:Jalizam] üzleti szemlélet
compete (v) [kam 'piit] versenyez
corporate sponsor (n) ['kDiparat 'spDnsa(r)] vállalati szponzor
creed (n) [kriid ] eskü
cross-country skiing (n) [ k r a s 'k A n t r i 's k i n r ] ] s íf u t á s
design (v) [di'za in] megtervez

diving (n) ['daiviq] búvárkodás
downhill skiing (n) [ 's k iiír j] lesiklás (sí)
drug (n) [d rA g ] doppingszer
drug-taking (n) [d rA g ] doppingolás
economics (n) [.ilka'nDmiks] (köz)gazdaságtan
enable (v) [i'n e ib l] lehetővé tesz
encourage (v) [in'kAridj] támogat, segít, bátorít
ensure (v) [in'Jua(r)] biztosít
entertainment (n) [,enta'teinmant] szórakozás, szórakoztatás
equipment (n) [i'kw ipm ant] felszerelés, eszközök
eventually (adv) [i'vent/uali] végül
excitement (n) [ik'saitm ant] izgalom
exclude (v) [ik'sklu :d] kizár
exhausting (adj) [ig'zDistírj] kimerítő
experience (n) [ik'spiarians] élmény
facility (n) [fa'silati] létesítmény
fair (adj) [fea(r)] tisztességes, sportszerű
fanatic (adj) [fa'naetik] fanatikus
field of sport (n) [fi:Id av sp3:t] sportág
figure skating (n) ['figa(r) 'ske itii]] műkorcsolyázás
flow of information (n) [fi au] információáramlás
free from sth (adj) [frii] mentes vmitől
generous (adj) [‘djenaras] bőkezű
get paid fór sth (v) tpeid] fizetséget kap vmiért
get involved in (v) [inVolvd] belekerül vmibe, részt vesz vmiben
glory (n) [’gbiri] dicsőség
good performer (n) [pa'fo:ma(r)] jól teljesítő ember
hang-gliding (n) [hast] ’glaidír)] sárkányrepülés
hooliganism (n) ['huiligam zam ] huliganizmus
idol (n) [’aidl] bálvány
illegal (adj) [i'lligl] tiltott
in one way or another [in vw\n wei D:(r) így vagy úgy
a'nAÖa(r)]
individual (n) [.indi'vidjual] egyén
individual sports (n) [,indi'vid3U3l spDits] egyéni sportok
instantaneous (adj) [.instan'teinias] azonnali, élő
magnifícent (adj) [maeg'nifisnt] nagyszerű, csodálatos
make the headline (v) [meik öa ’hedlain] vezető hír lesz belőle
memorable (adj) ['memarabl] emlékezetes
mob (n) [mob] csőcselék
mountaineering (n) [.maunta'niarit]] hegymászás
musele (n) ['itiasI] izom
mysterious (adj) [m i'stiarias] rejtelmes, sejtelmes
non-violent (adj) [.non'vaialant] erőszakmentes
off sth (adv) [of] vmin (vmilyen helyen) kívül
ordinary (adj) [’Didnri] hétköznapi
parachuting (n) ['paersju :tir]] ejtőernyőzés
paragliding (n) ['paeraglaidírj] siklóernyőzés
pay tribute to sb (v) [pei ’tribjurt] tiszteletet ad, tisztelettel adózik
vkinek
phenomenon (pl phenomena) (n) [fa'nDminan, fa'nDmins] jelenség
population (n) [.popju'leijn] lakosság, népesség
professional (adj) [pra'fejanl] hivatásszerű
profit (n) ['profit] profit, haszon
public sport (n) ['pAblik spo:t] tömegsport
pursuit (n) [pa'sjuit] hajszolás
pút oneself to risks (v) [pút], [risk] kockázatnak teszi ki magát
1 0
ránk (v) [raerjk] rangsorban vmilyen helyet foglal el
reel (v) [riil] támolyog
reward (n) [ri'wDid] jutalmaz
right to do sth (n) [rait] jog arra, hogy vmit tegyen
risk taking (n) [risk teikiq] kockázatvállalás
rivalry (n) ['raívlri] vetélkedés
rock-climbing (n) [.rDk'klaimiQ] sziklamászás
rowing (n) ['rauir]] evezés
ruling body (n) ['ruilii] 'bodi] irányító testület
scale (n) [skeil] mérték, lépték
screen (n) [skriin] vetít, közvetít
sense of achievement (n) [sens av a't/iívm ant] a teljesítmény tudata
speed (n) [spiid] sebesség
speed skating (n) [spiid 'skeitiQ] gyorskorcsolyázás
sporting event (n) ['spDitii] i'vent] sportesemény
sportsmanship (n) ['spDitsmanJip] sportszerűség
strengthen (v) ['strer)0n] erősít
success (n) [sak'ses] siker
successful (adj) [sak'sesfl] sikeres
supporter (n) [sa'pD:ta(r)] szurkoló
take part in sth (v) [teik pait] részt vesz vmiben
take sth seriously (v) [teik], ['siariasli] komolyan vesz vmit
take up (v) [teik] kezd (rendszeres tevékenységet)
tax (n) [taeks] adó
team sports (n) [ti:m sport] csapatsportok, csapatjátékok
technology (n) [tek'nDlad3i] technika, technológia
track (n) [traek] pálya
tumble (v) ['tAmbl] megdől, ledől
tűm out to be (v) [ts:n] bizonyul vmilyennek
ultimate (adj) ['Altimát] végső, igazi
unworthy of sth (adj) [An'w3:5i] érdemtelen vmire
view (n) [vju:] látvány
violence (n) ['vaialans] erőszak
white water canoeing/rafling (n) [wait ’wD:ta(r) vadvízi kajakozás/kenuzás/evezés
k a'n u n n /'raiftiq ]
Off
X
"We always hold hands. I f i let go, she shops. "Henry Youngman
’Whoever said money can't buy happiness sim ply hadn 't found out where to go shopping."
Bo Derek
Careful shoppers
They agonize over price. They're thoughtíul, nőt impulsive. They arrive at the mail with
information and purpose. They actually care about what their parents would think about those
micro shorts.
They are teenage girls, and this is how they shop.
It wasn't what we expected to fmd when we spent a recent Saturday aftemoon shopping
at Tysons Comer Center with a horde of teenagers. This is a generation often considered
indulged, equipped with cellphones and credit cards at an early age.
We were curious: When do they stop and buy, when do they just move on? We posted a notice
on the Washington Post Web site seeking volunteers to shop, just as they normally would,
with their own money and friends.
Sixty-one teenagers in grades seven to eleven from all over the region, mostly from public
schools, responded to our call. They came to Tysons in jeans, flip-flops, dresses, head scarves,
gym shorts and braces. Somé shopped with their parents, others just with friends. They came
armed with carefully saved weekly allowances, baby-sitting money, birthday gift cards and,
yes, their parents' credit cards.
Although several boys said they would come, only one did. Apparently, boys are nőt
recreational shoppers. This was a girl thing.
They walked round the region's largest mail in twos or threes. They frequently text messaged
or called their friends fór approval or advice.
"Don't get solid colours - that's boring," wamed the voice on the other end of the cellphone
when Billie McCain, 16, of Laurel called a friend fór emergency fashion advice in the
middle of Macy's. "And no sweaters, because you wear sweaters too much. Get a blazer or
a jacket."
Fór most of them, price was a major consideration. They looked fór value and often took
prices they considered high as a personal insult. Somé said they preferred to shop with their
parents because their wallets are fatter.
Sixteen-year-old Whitley Gaffney sees it this way: Clothes introduce her to people around
her. "I want them to know a little bit of who I am," she says. "And I'm proud of it."
z á u iii r u s l i s
tele Part 1 - Presentation

You are e x p e c ted to g iv e a short p re s e n ta tio n to y o u r p artn er(s) on o n e o f th e fo llo w in g topics.
(The p ro m p ts in brackets m a y h elp yo u .) Y o u r p re s e n ta tio n should ta k e a b o u t 9 0 seconds and
you should a n s w e r yo u r p artn e r's questio ns a fte rw a rd s .
W h ile y o u r p a rtn e r is g iv in g h is /h e r p re s e n ta tio n , listen an d th in k o f th e q uestions you w o u ld
like to a s k .
Where do you and your family like doing your daily shopping? Why?
OR
The details of a shopping experience when a product you bought proved to be faulty.
tele Part 2 - Giving opinion

Read th e text(s) on th e previous p ag e. Discuss th e c o n te n t o f th e tex t(s) w ith y o u r p a rtn e r. Teli
h e r/h im y o u r o p in io n : g iv e reasons a n d personal e x am p les to s u p p o rt y o u r ideas. T alk a b o u t

You and yo u r p a rtn e r h ave d ecid ed to do som é s ho pp ing to g e th e r b efo re y o u r s u m m e r holiday.
You'd p re fe r a s ho pp ing m ail b ú t y o u r p a rtn e r w a n ts to go to a s tre e t m a rk é t. Consider and
discuss th e d etails (w h a t you 'll n eed , con ve n ie n c e , choice, q u a lity , price, etc.). Teli y o u r p a rtn e r
y o u r ideas a n d try to com e to an a g re e m e n t.
ECL Part 1 - Introduction

In this p a rt s tu d en ts are asked to in tro d u c e th em selves and exc h a n g e personal in fo rm a tio n .
ECL Part 2 - Picture deseription

0 1
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Use reasons and examples to support
your opinion. Conduct a debate with your partner about the statement below.
"Hypermarkets are the best piaces to go ify o u w ant to do shopping either fór food,
clothes or consumer durables."
I absolutely agree. They have everything you need under one roof and you
don't have to spend hours getting írom one shop to the other.
Well, this might be true. However, these hypermarkets are usually in the
outskirts, a long way írom anywhere, so getting there and back will take
quite long plus there's the cost of getting there.
Task 1
Fór Against
* <=> *
* *
* <í=> *
Task 2
1 It's so simple to buy things there: everything's on shelves, you don't have to wait fór shop-
assistants, you just pút the goods in your trolley.
2 Their prices are lower because of the large quantities. Alsó, more and more of them offer their
regular customers discount cards.
3 There are so many cashiers that you never have to queue at the check-out tills.
4 There's no need to drive at all if your destination is within walking distance or you can catch
public transport to piaces in the downtown area.
5 They are accepted in most smaller shops, too, and there are cashpoints near every markét if
you want to withdraw somé money.
6 Those products have often been stored fór a long time before they appear on the shelves. The
fruit and vegetables you can buy elsewhere are much fresher.
7 We have known fór a long time that too much of it is bad fór us and in such piaces we spend
hours.
Whatever food you're looking fór, you'll

find a huge selection of products from <=>
different countries.
You simply don't need them if you can

<=> bargain and get the best price elsewhere,
such as a markét.
They are easy to reach because they are

usually built near main roads and the <í=>
parking facilities are excellent.
Often, you can't even look at the product

itself within the packaging. There is no
one to ask fór information about the
things you're thinking of buying and it's
so impersonal.
You can be sure that here you can pay by

all sorts of bank and credit cards.
It's only in hypermarkets that there are

<í=> so many people. Elsewhere there are no
crowds at all.
All of them are air-conditioned, so it

doesn't matter how hot it is outside o n a o
scorching summer day.
■ ÍF
5 h y p p ÍJ iy
Describe th e p ictures a n d th e n ta lk a b o u t th e to p ic th e y illu s tra te . In d u d e th e fo llo w in g points:

Types o f shops
Fashion a n d choosing clothes
W ays o f p a y m e n t, re tu rn in g fa u lty goods
Task 1
Task 2

Different types of shops and their characteristics
Shopping on the net
The importance of fashion
How different people choose their clothes
Ways of payment: benefíts and risks
Returning faulty goods
mm
Task 3
M atch th e fo llo w in g q uestions and th e phrases. Use th e phrases to m a k e c o m p le te sentences.
1 Who makes fashion? Is it important to follow fashion trends?

2 When do people wear formai clothes? What exactly?
3 What different types of shopping facilities do you find in a city? What are they like?
4 More and more people are using the net to do shopping. Why has it become so popular? How
about buying clothes or shoes on the net?
5 In what ways can different items be faulty? What can you do in such cases?
6 How do you choose your clothes?
7 How can you pay in shops in your country? What are the benefits and risks of each way?
8 How can you buy valuable things if you don't have the money fór them?
comer shop/grocer's: near where you live, somé open around the clock, friendly, only a small
selection, expensive
supermarkets: large selection of foods, reasonable prices, other products as well - toiletries
markét: lively, colourful, fresh fruit and vegetables, can bargain
hypermarket: huge, lots o f different types of products, low prices, lots of checkout tills, in the
outskirts
department store: different departments fór products of different type
shopping centre/mail: hundreds of smaller shops, mostly clothes and fashion, cafés, restaurants,
cinemas
don't even have to stand up

♦ savé time
choose item on the basis of a photo and deseription
endless choices
can't try on clothes or shoes
can't see the reál colour
can't trust quality
fashion magazines
* famous models
celebrities in the média
popular people among friends and colleagues
very important to somé
way of showing your personality
most people don't want to look very different
do window shopping
shop around
♦ compare prices
consider carefully
mm
* try on several items
choose size that fits
style that suits
hard-wearing
buy what you like at first glancé
certain jobs, official events: job interviews, ceremonies, weddings, theatre

* mén: suit, shirt, tie, leather shoes
women: women's suit, blouse, evening dress, special occasion dress
cash: easy fór pickpockets to steal

bank card, credit card: if stolen, thief can get access to large sums
vouchers: companies give them to employees, can't use everywhere
* get a loan from banks

pay back in monthly instalments
may take years
interest rate can be high
lose the product and all the money if you can't pay in time
clothes: tóm, button missing, shrink/lose colour in washing, zip-fastener gets stuck
machines and appliances: make strange nőise, don't work at all, blurred image (camera),
Controls don't work
* have the receipt
take back to the shop
* guarantee
* get/have it fixed
exchange the faulty item
get a full refund
accept(v) [ak'sept] elfogad

advice (n) [ad'vais] tanács
agonize over sth (v) ['aeganaiz] gyötrődik, kínlódik vmi miatt
allowance (n) [a'lauans] zsebpénz
appliance (n) [a'plaians] készülék
approval (n) [a'pru: vl] jóváhagyás
armed with (adj ) [a:md] felszerelten vmivel
around the clock [a'raund öa klek] 24 órán át
at first glancé [glains] első pillantásra
bargain (v) [’baigan] alkuszik
benefít(n) ['ben ifit] előny
blurred (adj) [blsid] életlen, homályos
braces (n) [breisiz] fogszabályzó
button (n) ['bAtn] gomb
care about sth (v) [kea(r)] törődik vmivel
cash (n) [kaejl készpénz
cashier (n) [kae'Jia(r)] pénztáros
cashpoint (n) ['kas/pDint] bankjegykiadó automata
catch public transport (v) [kaetj 'pAblik 'traenspDit] tömegközlekedéssel megy
celebrity (n) [sa'lebrati] híresség, celeb
cellphone (Am) ['selfaun] mobil telefon
characteristic (n) [.kaerakta1ristik] jellegzetesség, tulajdonság
check-out till (n) ['tfekaut til] pénztár
choice (n) [tjDIS] választék
consider (v) [kan'sida(r)] tart vkit vmilyennek, megfontol
consideration (n) [kan.sida'reijn] szempont
consumer durable (n) [kan'sjuima(r) 'djuarabl] tartós fogyasztási cikk
control (n) [kan'traul] kezelőszerv
convenience (n) [kan'viinians] kényelem
cost (n) [kost] költség
credit card (n) ['kredit kaid] hitelkártya
curious (adj) ['kjuarias] kíváncsi
destination (n) [,desti'neijn] úti cél
discount card (n) ['diskaunt kaid] kedvezményre jogosító kártya
downtown (n) [.daun'taun] belváros
dress (n) [dres] női ruha
emergency (adj) [i'm3id39nsi] sürgős(ségi)
endless (adj) ['endlas] végtelen
event(n) [i'vent] esemény
exchange (v) [iks'tjeind3] kicserél
faulty (adj) [’ÍDlIti] hibás
find out(v) [faind] rájön, kitalál
fit (v) [fit] passzol (méretben)
fix (v) [fiks] megjavít
flip-flops (n) [’flipflops] strandpapucs
frequently (adv) ['friikwantli] gyakran
get access to sth (v) [get ’aekses] hozzáfér vmihez
get stuck (v) [get stAk] beszorul
goods (n) [gudz] áru
grade (n) [greid] osztály, évfolyam
guarantee (n) [.gaeran'ti:] garancia
gym shorts (n) [d3im jDits] tomanadrág
hard-wearing (adj) [,ha:d'wearir]] tartós
head scarf (n) [hed ska:f] (fej)kendő
horde (n) [to:d] csapat, csoport
image (n) ['imid3] kép
impersonal (adj) [im'pBisanl] személytelen
impulsive (adj) [im'pAlsiv] hirtelen ötletektől vezérelt
indulged (adj) [in'dAld3d] elkényeztetett
interest rate (n) ['intrast reit] kamat(láb)
item (n) ['aitam] (áru)cikk
jeans (n) [d3i:nz] farmernadrág
let go sth (v) [let gau] elenged
lively (adj) [’laivli] élénk
loan (n) [laun] kölcsön, hitel
major (adj) ['m eid3a(r)] fő, jelentős
mail (shopping mail) ['Jopin mDil] bevásárlóközpont
monthly instalment (n) ['mAn0li in'stDilmant] havi részlet
notice (n) ['nautis] felhívás
outskirts (n) ['autsk3:ts] külváros
packaging (n) ['paekid3ir]] csomagolás
parking facilities (n) ['paikin fa'silatiz] parkolási lehetőség
pickpocket (n) ['pikpckit] zsebtolvaj
post (v) [paust] közzé tesz
product (n) ['prcdAkt] termék
prove to be (v) [pru:v] vmilyennek bizonyul
purpose (n) ['p3ipas] cél
quality (n) ['kwolati] minőség
IBII
quantity (n) [’kw ontati] mennyiség
queue (v) [kjux] sorban áll
reasonable (adj) [' ri íznsbl] méltányos, elfogadható
receipt (n) [r i's iit] (bolti) blokk
recreational shopper (n) [.re k ri'e ija n l 'Jopa(r)] szórakozásból vásárló
refund (n) [’riifAnd] visszatérítés
respond (v) [ri'sp o n d ] válaszol, reagál
retum (v) [ r i 't B i n ] visszavisz
risk (n) [risk] kockázat
scorching (adj) ['skDIt/lQ] perzselő
seek (v) [siik] keres
selection (n) [ s i'le k /n ] választék
shop around (v) [fo p a'raund] végigjárja a boltokat
shrink (v) Unnk] összemegy
solid (colour) (adj) ['s o lid ] erős (szín)
special occasion dress (n) ['spejl 9'kei3n dres] alkalmi ruha
store (v) [st>:(r)] tárol
suit (v) [s u it] illik
take (v) sth as an insult [teik], [’insAlt] sértésnek vesz vmit
text message (v) [tekst 'm e sid 3] SMS-ezik
thoughtful (adj) ['© D ltfl] megfontolt
toiletries (n) [’tD ilatriz] higiéniai termékek
tóm (adj) [tDin] szakadt
trend (n) [trend] irányzat
trolley (n) ['tro li] bevásárlókocsi
trust sth (v) [ tr A s t ] megbízik vmiben
under one roof [ 'A n d a ( r ) W A n r u : f ] egy helyen
value (n) ['v a e lju : ] érték
volunteer (n) [.vo lan 'tisír)] önkéntes
voucher (n) ['vautfa(r)] jegy, csekk (étkezési, üdülési)
wam (v) [wo:n] figyelmeztet
window shopping (n) ['w in d a u 'J o p ír ]] kirakatnézés
withdraw (money) (v) [w iö 'd n :] kivesz (pénzt bankból)
within walking distance [w i'ö in 'wDikír) 'distans] gyalogosan elérhető
zip-fastener (n) [z ip 'faisna(r)] zipzár
mm
Speaks
■JLL
"There are no passengers on spaceship Earth. We are a ll crew."Marshall McLuhan,

“Mán is a complex being; he makes deserts bloom - and lakes die. "G il Stern
Advice from an environmentalist site

Túra off unneeded lights even when leaving a room fór a short time.
Unplug seldom used appliances.
Use a microwave whenever you can instead of a conventional oven or stove.
Wash clothes with warm or cold water instead of hot.
Keep room temperature higher in summer and lower in winter.
Replace old windows with energy efficient ones.
Leam about altematives to household cleaning items that do nőt use hazardous chemicals.
Use traps instead of rat and mouse poisons and insect killers.
Create a wildlife habitat in your yard.
Water grass early in the moming.
Copy and print on both sides of paper.
Use e-mail instead of paper correspondence.
Use recycled paper.
Ask your employer to consider flexible work schedules or telecommuting.
Walk or ride your bike instead of driving.
Don’t wash dishes with the water running continuously.
Replace old toilets with new ones that use a lót less water.
Avoid products with several layers of packaging when only one is sufficient. About 33% of
what we throw away is packaging.
Maintain and repair durable products instead of buying new ones.
Use cloth napkins instead of paper ones.
Buy used fumiture - there is a surplus of it, and it is much cheaper than new fumiture.
100%
ECO ÍK IÜ N B IV
SE)
Eáusu i-js Ju ;

You are e x p e c ted to g iv e a short p re s e n ta tio n to y o u r p artn e r(s ) on o ne o f th e fo llo w in g topics.
W h ile y o u r p a rtn e r is g iv in g h is /h e r p re s e n ta tio n , listen and th in k o f th e q uestions you w o u ld
like to ask.
How environment-conscious are you and your family? Give positive and negative examples.
OR
What has been done at your school/workplace to protect the environment? What else could be
done?
tele Part 2 - G iving o pinio n

h e r/h im y o u r o p in io n : g iv e reasons and personal exam p le s to s u p p o rt y o u r ideas. T alk a b o u t
y o u r o w n experie n c e w ith th e p ro b lem s m e n tio n e d a n d possible solutions.
tele P a r t3 -C o n s e n s u s
You a n d y o u r p a rtn e r h ave d ecid ed to set up a c o m m u n ity actio n d ay (an e v e n t) to p ro m o te th e
p ro te c tio n o f o u r e n v iro n m e n t. Consider a n d discuss th e d eta ils (w h a t a c tiv ity, w h o w o u ld com e,
m a te ria ls /e q u ip m e n t n e e d e d ). Teli y o u r p a rtn e r yo u r ideas a n d try to c om e to an a g re e m e n t.


Do you a g re e o r d isag ree w ith th e fo llo w in g s ta te m e n t? Use reasons and exam p le s to su p p o rt
y o u r o p in io n . C o nduct a d e b a te w ith y o u r p a rtn e r a b o u t th e s ta te m e n t b e lo w .
"Green groups and organisations today are against development and against im proving our everyday tives."
------------------------------------------------------------------------ — >
I absolutely agree. They often protest against building new factories.
These factories would provide hundreds of jobs.
Well, this might be true. However, if they were built, they would produce
more pollution, causing various illnesses.
Task 1
T h in k o f fu rth e r a rg u m e n ts fó r an d aga in s t th e s ta te m e n t and w rite th e m in th e ta b le .
Fór the statement Against the statement
* <=> *
* <=> *
* <=> *
Task 2
C o m p le te th e ta b le w ith th e s e a rg u m e n ts . Th e y are NŐT in th e correct o rd er.
1 That's the point. With fewer cars on the roads biking would be a lót safer and the air cleaner,
because bikes don't emit exhaust filmes.
2 They encourage us to collect waste selectively, bút then, often all the garbage is dumped in
the same landfills as before.
3 They say using chemicals in our homes is wrong, because most of them are pollutants. Should
we live in dirt and among bacteria?
4 They suggest using second-hand fumiture. What a crazy idea when we can buy beautiful new
pieces. They surely don't pollute anything.
5 They teli us nőt to use dishwashers because they use too much water. Bút doing the washing
up by hand takes so long.
1B 9
6 We should find other ways to help those people. Rainforests are important in keeping the
balance of the whole plánét.
7 Well, it is an expensive technology, bút we'll never run out o f this type of energy while the
coal and oil reserves are limited.
It is made o f wood, which comes from

forests. The more wood we use, the more
<=> trees are cut down, so forests will absorb
less carbon-dioxide. This increases the
greenhouse effect.
They want us to use public transport or

bikes instead of our cars. Public transport
is awful and riding bikes is dangerous ^
among all the cars.
If we don't change our habits, eventually

we'll have so little water left and it'll be so
expensive that we won't even have enough
of it fór drinking.
# They say we should use solar or wind

power. Bút who has the money fór all the <=>
equipment that it requires?
That's certainly true. Bút by the time we

really leam to collect our waste selectively,
<=> the new recycling plánt will be built, too.
We're at the beginning of a long process.
They do everything to stop cutting down __________________________________

parts of the rainforest. This means that __________________________________
people in those areas can't grow crops and ^ __________________________________
will continue starving. __________________________________
* O f course nőt. Bút there are lots of

__________________________________ traditional, environmentally safe
__________________________________ ^ substances which are just as good as the
__________________________________ modem cleaning products.
Speak s
T - j JIű j j í j í i b y u : ü r y p k y - j s a i l y u p i r i u r a ^
z i i'J in i u s u ^ u js ^

G lobal changes in th e e n v iro n m e n t: th e ir reasons a n d effects
H o w w e ruin o u r e n v iro n m e n t th ro u g h o u r e v e ry d a y lives
Things o rd in a ry p e o p le can do to p ro te c t th e e n v iro n m e n t
a ed
Task 1
A rrang e y o u r th o u g h ts in a logical w a y .
Task 2
C o m p are y o u r o w n notes w ith th e fo llo w in g suggestions:

Changes in the environment: ozone hole, greenhouse effect, global warming
Reasons: industrial pollution, exhaust fumes from cár engines, planes, etc., toxic gases,
deforestation
Effects: polluted air, contaminated water, higher sea levels, extreme weather conditions:
floods, droughts
Ordinary people's “contribution” to these changes in the home/school/offlce
Things we can do differently at home/school or in the office
Task 3
M atc h th e fo llo w in g questio ns a n d th e phrases. Use th e phrases to m a k e c o m p le te sentences.
1 Who has the responsibility fór doing things about all of this? What has already been done?
2 Which humán activities are the most harmfiil to the environment?
3 What might happen in the fiiture if we don't do anything/enough to change the way we use
our environment?
4 What can ordinary people do fór the environment?
5 How important is this issue to you personally? Why? What has been done/is going to be done
about it in your area/at your school/workplace/in your family?
6 According to somé scientists, global warming has already affected the weather in our country,
too. How?
7 According to scientists, which are the most worrying environmental phenomena on our plánét
and why are they bad fór us?
the ozone hole and the thiiming of the ozone layer: more harmfiil rays o f the Sun reach the
surface of the earth, being in the sün is more dangerous, get sunbumt, develop skin cancer
* greenhouse effect and global warming strengthen each other: rise in temperature, melting of
polar ice cap
burning fuels (oil, petrol, coal): industry, transport (aeroplanes, cars), producing electricity fór
households
deforestation (cutting down rain forests): even more carbon dioxide gets intő the atmosphere
M M
letting CFCs and other gases intő the air which ruin the ozone layer
# contaminating soil with industrial and household waste
scientists: fmd out even more about environment

govemments, politicians: intemational conferences and agreements
leaders of communities, schools: teach young people to care fór the environment
factories and business people: introduce new technologies, produce, promote and sell more
environment-friendly products
run out of coal, oil, gas

energy becomes much more expensive
waters become unsuitable fór drinking, polluted air almost everywhere - more diseases
certain species lose habitat or become extinct
* sea levels rise, low-lying Coastal areas get flooded
extremely cold or hot weather

extremely heavy rainfalls cause more severe floods
seasons different from before
♦ leam about environment

savé on energy
walk or use public transport instead of cars
• buy and use environment-friendly goods
collect waste selectively
nőt interested, nőt my business

don't care about the future (of children/grandchildren)
become interested w hen...
start using energy-saving light bulbs
collect used batteries separately
different bins fór different types of waste
posters with information
absorb (v) [ab'sDi b] elnyel

affect sth (v) [a'fekt] (ált. negatív) hatással van vmire
■BEJ
agreement (n) a'griim ant] egyezmény
altemative (n) Dil'tBinatív] választási lehetőség
appliance (n) a'plaisns] készülék
atmosphere (n) 'aetmasfi9(r)] légkör
avoid (v) 9'VDld] elkerül
balance (n) 'baelans] egyensúly
battery (n) 1baetri] elem, akkumulátor
become extinct (v) bi'kAm ik'stirjkt] kihal
bin (n) bin] hulladéktároló edény, kuka
bloom (v) blu:m] virágzik
cancer (n) 'kaens9(r)] rák (betegség)
care fór sth (v) kea(r)] törődik vmivel, vigyáz vmire
cause (v) k3:z] okoz
chemical (n) 'kemikl] vegyszer
coal (n) kául] szén
Coastal (adj) 'kaustl] parti, part menti
community (n) ka'mjuinati] közösség
contaminate (v) kan'tasmineit] szennyez (vizet, talajt)
conventional (adj) kan'venjanl] hagyományos
correspondence (n) .kDra'spondans] levelezés
crops (n) krops] termény(ek)
cut down (v) kAt] kivág
deforestation (n) .dii.fDri'steiJn] erdőirtás
desert (n) ''dezat] sivatag
disease (n) di'ziiz] betegség
dishwasher (n) diJwDja(r)] mosogatógép
drought (n) draut] aszály, szárazság
dump (v) dAmp] lerak
durable product (n) djuarsbl ’prodAkt] tartós fogyasztási cikk
effect (n) i'fekt] hatás
efficient (adj) i'fijnt] hatékony
emit (v) 'mit] kibocsát
encourage (v) in'kArid3] ösztönöz
energy-saving (adj) enad3i 'seivir)] energiatakarékos
engine (n) end3i n ] motor
environment-conscious (adj) [in'vairanm ant 'kon/as] környezettudatos
environment-friendly (adj) [inVairanm ant ’frendli] környezetbarát
equipment (n) [i'kwipmant] felszerelés
exhaust fume (n) [ig'zDist fju:m] kipufogógáz
flexible (adj) [’fleksabl] rugalmas
flood (n) [flAd] áradás, árvíz
fuel(n) [’fjuial] tüzelőanyag, üzemanyag
garbage (n) ['ga;bid3] szemét
get sunbumt (v) [get 'sAnbBint] leég (napon)
global (adj) [’glaubl] globális, az egész világra
kiterjedő
global warming (n) ['glaubl 'wDimit]] globális felmelegedés
greenhouse (n) ['griinhaus] üvegház
habitat (n) ['haabitaet] élőhely
harmful (adj) ['ha: mfl] káros
hazardous (adj) ['haezadas] veszélyes
improve (v) [im'pruiv] javít, fejleszt
industrial (adj) [in'dAStrial] ipari
insect killer (n) ['insekt 'kiia(r)] rovarölőszer
landfill (n) ['laendfil] szeméttelep
layer (n) ['leia(r)] réteg
limited (adj) [’lim itid] korlátozott, véges
low-lying (adj) [lau 'lair]] mélyen fekvő
maintain (v) [m ein'tein] karbantart
melting (n) ['meltírj] olvadás
ozone hole (n) ['aozaun haul] ózonlyuk
packaging (n) ['paekid3it]] csomagolás
phenomenon, pl phenomena (n) [fa'nDminan, fa'rmmina] jelenség
point (n) [pDint] lényeg
poison (n) ['paizn] méreg
polar (adj) ['paula(r)] sarki (földrajz)
pollutant (n) [pa'luitant] szennyezőanyag
pollution (n) [pa'lui/n] szennyezés
power (n) ['paua(r)] energia
process (n) [’prauses] folyamat
1 E S
promote (v) [pra'maut] elősegít, reklámoz
protect (v) [pra'tekt] (meg)véd
protest(v) [pra'test] tiltakozik
provide (v) [pra'vaid] biztosít, nyújt
public transport (n) ['pAblik ’trasnspDit] tömegközlekedés
rainforest (n) ['reinforist] esőerdő
ray (n) [rei] sugár
recycled (adj) [.rii'saikld] újrahasznosított
recycling plánt (n) [,ri:'saiklir] plaint] hulladékfeldolgozó üzem
replace (v) [ri'pleis] kicserél
reserve (n) [ri'zBiv] tartalék
responsibility (n) [ri.sponsa'bilati] felelősség
ruin (v) [’runn] (le)rombol, tönkretesz
ran out of sth (v) [rAn] kifogy vmiből
savé on sth (v) [seiv] takarékoskodik vmivel
seldom used (adj) ['seldam ju:st] ritkán használt
selectively (adv) [si'lektivli] szelektíven, válogatva
solar power (n) ['saula(r) 'paua(r)] napenergia
species (n) [■spiijhz] faj
starve (v) [sta :v] éhezik
stove (n) [stauv] tűzhely
substance (n) [‘sAbstsns] anyag
sufficient (adj) [se'fi/nt] elegendő
surface (n) ['SBifis] felület
surplus (n) ['sBiplas] felesleg
telecommuting (n) [.telika'mjuitinl távmunka
toxic (adj) [’toksik] mérgező
trap (n) [traep] csapda, egérfogó
unplug (v) [.An’plAg] kihúz a konnektorból
unsuitable (adj) [An'suitabl] alkalmatlan
waste (n) [weist] hulladék
weather conditions (n) ['we&a(r) kan'di/nz] időjárási viszonyok
wind power (n) [wind 'paua(r)] szélenergia
yard (n) [ja:d] udvar, kert
0
Speak s
‘J 1 J 3 i n . r e n g j ]
"Ifyou think education is expensive, try ignorance."

Derek Bök, president ofH arvard University
"Fór every person wishing to teach there are thirty n ő t wanting to be taught."
W. C. Seilar and R. J. Yeatman
Useless knowledge
Why do they teach us useless things at school?
Students’ opinions about school
Study now, live it up later. Live it up now, hungry later.
Why do they teach us useless things that won’t help us in life? I'm a smart kid and get good
grades bút then I wonder why. I'm nőt somé kid that wears his pants low and has a baggy shirt,
so please don't say "oh they will help you in life you're just nőt thinking outside the box.
Everything you leam is useless until you're pút in a situation that requires a certain kind of
knowledge.
Is everything in school really useless? All the proper manners they teach us make us become
civilized people. The boring lessons in school make us educated. The rules make us become
good people, nőt criminals. So, if you really think about it, it isn't really useless.
School is supposed to round you out by teaching you the basics of everything. You just need
to know the little things, so when you get intő college, and you know what you want to major
in, you'll have the basics fór it and they won't have to start over from scratch on what to teach
you in college. They'll just do a review.
I'm a high school student too and school is frustrating. I don't mind leaming the basics bút
when you're in algebra and you are only in your second year, you wonder why you're even
in that eláss. 'Cause I have no interest in any career that deals with high level maths. And
what's even sadder is "if you don't use it, you lose it" (like what my maths teacher said). So
it's really depressing. Bút I want to take somé maths with me when I graduate, so I'm taking
Maths Studies next year.
I just want to leam what I want to learn. I wish I could just forget about grades and get
an education. A good one. And it's nőt like I'm nőt leaming anything...it's just that it's sad
knowing that I'll lose a lót of the skills I'm leaming.
■EJ
te le Part 1 - P resen tation
you should an s w e r y o u r p artn e r's questio ns a fte rw a rd s .
like to ask.
Introduce the Hungárián system of education.

OR
A teacher and his/her classes in primary/secondary school I remember well.
tele Part 2 - G iving o pinio n

Read th e tex t(s) on th e previous p ag e. Discuss th e c o n te n t o f th e tex t(s) w ith y o u r p a rtn e r. Teli
h e r/h im y o u r o p in io n : g ive reasons and personal exam p le s to s u p p o rt yo u r ideas. T alk a b o u t
yo u r o w n e x p e rie n c e w ith th e p ro b lem s m e n tio n e d and possible solutions.

You a n d yo u r p a rtn e r h ave d ecid ed to start le a rn in g a n e w fo re ig n la n g u a g e to g e th e r. Consider
a nd discuss th e d eta ils (w hich la n g u a g e , w h y , p riv á té te a c h e r o r g ro u p a t la n g u a g e school,
in te n s ity , costs, etc.). Teli y o u r p a rtn e r y o u r ideas a n d try to com e to an a g re e m e n t.

In this p a rt stu d en ts are asked to in tro d u c e th em selves and exch a n g e personal in fo rm a tio n .
ECL Part 2 - Picture d eseription

mm
X
y b iu s -s iu jj / ü a b iJ ia
Do you a g re e o r d isag ree w ith th e fo llo w in g s ta te m e n t? Use reasons a n d specific exam p le s to

s u p p o rt y o u r o p in io n . C o nd uct a d e b a te w ith y o u r p a rtn e r a b o u t th e s ta te m e n t b elo w .
“Most o fw h a t is taught a t prim ary and secondary school is absolutely useless except reading, w riting and
somé basic arithm etic operations."
I absolutely agree. Most of us can't even remember what we had to leam at

school. How could we ever use those things in reál life?
Well, this might be true. However, I think you didn't really leam those
things, I mean you didn't try to understand them, just memorised them fór
a short time.
Task 1
T h in k o f fu r th e r a rg u m e n ts fó r a n d aga in s t th e s ta te m e n t and w rite th e m in th e ta b le .
Task 2
1 Take physics, fór example. What’s the use of leaming about difficult things like pressure or
electricity?
2 Nőt you, perhaps, bút all those who will become engineers and design the cár you will travel
in.
3 It’s nőt fair we have to learn what other people want us to. Why can’t we decide what we want
to learn?
4 It’s becoming important fór more and more people, as we travel to distant piaces fór our
holidays.
é EH
I. I
If you know how they work, you will be able to realise what is good or bad fór you or how to
treat simple pains or discomfort.
If you have an idea how plastic bags are made out of crade oil, you’ll alsó understand how
bad they are fór our environment.
I’m nőt interested in wars and kings or queens who lived hundreds of years ago. Why should
I leam about them?
Organic chemistry is a disaster. I’ve never

understood a word of it and I’ve never <=>
needed it, either.
If you understand at least the basics, you

<=> won’t kill yourself with your hair-dryer
sitting in the bath.
Maths? Absolute horror! Angles and

equations - will they ever make me <=>
happier?
You can’t understand the world today

<=> unless you know how it became what it
is now.
Who cares where Phűket is? I don’t

think it’s worth leaming about all those <=>
countries.
Nőt many young people can decide at the

<=> age of 12 or even 14 what they are going
to be and what subjects they will need.
Why should I bother about cells, muscles

and bones or DNA? They are so complex
<=>
and they work without me leaming about
them.
Eli
----------------
\
Speak
f-jlldjjy -ibuuí u iypte busád yu p k i u r a i
S d u r-jíjy jj

T h e system o f e d u c a tio n in H u n g a ry
T h e role o f IT in e d u c a tio n : m eans and ta rg e t
L ea m in g languages
Ei/vj Us h Vrench
UZ
I orrW<.tor(L.)
oSftce. Le bureau
Task 1
Prepare to ta lk a b o u t th e to p ic a t le n g th , fó r a b o u t 6 -8 m in u te s . M a k e notes as you are p re p a rin g .
A rra n g e yo u r th o u g h ts in a logical w a y .
Task 2
Describing the pictures

Primary and secondary education: years, subjects, costs
Entering higher education, costs
The role of IT in education at school and at home
The importance and challenge of language leaming
Life-long leaming
Task 3
1 Few schools in Hungary require uniforms. What are the advantages and disadvantages of
school uniforms?
2 How can young people get intő colleges and universities? Do they have to pay fór
education?
3 How important is IT in education?
4 What is lifelong leaming? Why are we using this expression more and more frequently?
5 Which are the most important subjects in primary and secondary schools?
6 Which are the most popular foreign languages taught at schools? How well do young people
speak foreign languages? Why are language exams so popular?
7 At what age do children start and finish different types of schools? How much does it cost?
compulsory until the age of 17

primary education from 6 to 14 years of age
secondary education from 14 to 18 years of age
somé secondary schools last fór 6 years
secondary schools: grammar schools - final exams (Matúra), no professional qualification
vocational secondary schools - professional qualification with or without Matúra final
exams
education is free, bút parents pay fór books and personal equipment
elementary grades: reading, writing, arithmetic operations

upper grades and secondary school: IT (information technology), mathematics, árts and
humanities: languages, literature, history, art, music; science: biology, chemistry, physics,
geography
cover somé of the social differences

get used to dress code
can make you feel proud of your school
strengthen feeling of togethemess
hide personality
unfashionable
uncomfortable
take intermediate or advanced-level final exams

get good grades in certain subjects
free education fór majority (nőt books and personal equipment)
fee-paying piaces fór others
students with good results can be given scholarships
has become a key subject

basics if computer science
applications: word processing, creating web pages
more and more widely used in classroom
often needed fór homework: do research, work on e-leaming sites
English, Germán, French, Spanish, Italian

more people speak languages than before, still nőt enough, nőt very high level
advantage in final/entrance exams: language exam certificates are worth extra points
one qualification nőt enough

employees need continuous training in new developments
the fast-changing world of work requires changing jobs - entirely new fields, new qualification
needed
advanced-level (adj) [ a d ' v a i n s t ’le vl] emelt szintű

angle (n) [’aerjgl] szög (geometria)
9 1 9
application (n) [.aepli'keijn] alkalmazás
arithmetic operation (n) [a'riBmatik ^p a'rei/n ] számtani művelet
árts and humanities (n) [a:ts send hjui'msenatiz] humán tantárgyak, ismeretek
basics (n) [' beisiks] alapok
boné (n) [baun] csont
bother about sth (v) ['bDÖa(r)] törődik vmivel
career (n) [ka'ria(r)] pálya
cell (n) [sel] sejt
certificate (n) [sa'tifikat] bizonyítvány
compulsory (adj) [kam'pAlsari] kötelező
cover (v) ['kAva(r)] elfed, eltakar
create (v) [kri'eit] létrehoz
crude oil (n) [kruid oil] kőolaj
depressing (adj) [di'presir)] lehangoló
design (v) [di'zain] tervez
development (n) [di'velapmant] fejlesztés, fejlődés
discomfort (n) [dis'kAmfat] kellemetlenség
distant (adj) ['distant] távoli
DNA(n) [di: en ei] DNS
dress code (n) [kaud] öltözködési szabályok
e-leaming (n) [i: 'l3imr]] tanulás számítógépes hálózaton
electricity (n) [i.lek'triseti] elektromosság
employee (n) [im 'pbii:] munkavállaló
enter (v) ['enta(r)] belép
entrance exam (n) ['entrans ig'zaem] felvételi vizsga
equation (n) [i'kwei3n] egyenlet
fair (adj) [fea(r)] tisztességes
fee-paying (adj) [fi: peit]] térítéses (tandíj fizetős)
field (n) [fi: Id] terület
final exam (n) [’fainl ig'zaem] záróvizsga
frustrating (adj) [frA'streitit]] frusztráló, kudarcot okozó
get intő (v) [get] bejut
get used to sth (v) [get juist] hozzászokok vmihez
grade (n) [greid] osztályzat
c a t
grade (n), year (n) [g re id ], |jia (r)] évfolyam
graduate (v) ['g r a d 3 u e it] elvégez, kijár (iskolát)
hairdryer (n) ['h e 9 d ra ia (r)] hajszárító
hide (v) [h a id ] elrejt
higher education (n) ['h a ia (r) ,ed 3 u 'k e ijn ] felsőoktatás
ignorance (n) [’ig n a ra n s ] tudatlanság
intensity (n) [in 'te n s a ti] intenzitás
intermediate-level (adj) [,in t9 'm i:d i9 t 'levl] középszintű
IT (information technology) [a i t i: (.in fa 'm e ijn számítástechnika
(n) te k riD la d 3 Í)]
key (adj) [k i:] kulcsfontosságú

knowledge (n) [' n o lid 3 ] tudás
last (v) [la :s t] tart vmennyi ideig
life-long (adj) ['la if lo r j ] élethosszig tartó
live it up (slang) (v) [liv ] jól elvan
major in sth ['m e id 3 9 (r)] vmilyen szakon tanul
majority (n) [ma'dsorsti] többség
manners (n) ['maen9(r)] modor, illem
Matúra examination (n) [m 9 'tu :r9 ig .z e e m i'n e ijn ] érettségi vizsga (magyar)
means (n) [m i:n z ] mód
muscle (n) [' itiasI] izom
organic chemistry (n) [D :'gaenik 'k e m is tri] szerves kémia
pain (n) [p e in ] fájdalom
plastic (adj) [' piaestik] műanyag
pressure (n) ['p re j9 (r)] nyomás
primary education (n) ['p ra ím g ri ,ed 3 u ‘k e ijn ] alapfokú oktatás
professional (adj) [p rg 'fe jg n l] szakmai
proper (adj) ['p ro p 9 (r)] helyes, megfelelő
qualification (n) [.k w o lifi'k e ijn ] képesítés, minősítés
realise (v) [' ri :a la iz ] felismer, rájön
require (v) [ri'k w a i9 (r)] igényel
research (n) [r i's 3 :tj] kutatás
review (n) [r i'v ju :] ismétlés, áttekintés
round sb out (v) [ra u n d ] kiteljesít
scholarship (n) ['s k o lg /x p ] ösztöndíj
1 1 9
secondary education (n) ['sekandri ,ed3 u 'k e ijn ] középfokú oktatás
site (n) [sait] hely, webhely, weboldal
start over from scratch (v) [s ta :t 'auvaír) fram skraetj] mindent elölről kezd
strengthen (v) ['stret]9n] erősít
system of education (n) ['sistam 9v ^ d s u 'k e ijn ] oktatási rendszer
target (n) ['ta ig it] cél
togethemess (n) [ta'geöanas] összetartozás
training (n) ['tre im r]] képzés
treat (v) [tr iit] kezel
uniform (n) ['ju im fD im ] egyenruha
useless (adj) ['ju islas] haszontalan
vocational (adj) [v a u 'k e ija n l] szakmai képzést nyújtó
widely used (adj) ['w a id li ju :st] széles körben használt
word processing (n) [w 3:d p ra'sesit]] szövegszerkesztés
work (n) [w3:k] működik
worth (adj) doing sth [w 3 :0 ] érdemes csinálni vmit
Speak s
'J 2 / J j]3 J iJ a d jü
"The Internet is becoming the town square fór the global viliágé oftom orrow . "B ili Gates
Danger! Internet!
What should parents do to protect children from harmful material and people on the
Internet?
Somé web pages and content on the Internet are nőt suitable fór all audiences. Below is a list
of different steps you can take to help ensure your child is protected from harmful material or
web pages you believe are nőt suitable fór them. Talk to your children about the dangers of the
Internet and what they should nőt do while on the Internet. Never give personal information
about yourself in chat rooms, web pages, or online forms. This includes age, area code. e-mail
address, home address, home city, Internet Service Provider (ISP) name, Instant Messenger
name or address, other location-related information, passwords, personal web page, phone
(mobile phone) numbers, pictures of yourself, school name, school grade, school web page,
weight, webcam address, workplace, and/or zip code. Never agree to meet an individual from
the Internet without parents or guardian at the agreed meeting location.
Never enter an area that costs money, requires a credit card, requires personal information,
asks fór passwords, and/or requires you hang up and diai another number with your computer
without explicit permission from parents or a parent present.
Never accept a file or download from another user. Do nőt visit web pages that are sent to you
in e-mail, chat, or instant messengers without a parent or guardian present.
Never send someone a personal picture online or on a cell phone regardless of what type of
image it is. Don't allow your child to have their own computer in their room. If you need to
monitor your children's use while you're away consider filter programs that help protect your
computer from inappropriate sites. Social networking sites such as Facebook and MySpace
are very popular destinations fór teens and younger users on the Internet. Unfortunately,
these locations are alsó frequently visited by online predators because of online pictures and
personal information posted by many users participating on them. It's a good idea if your
child is on a social networking site, you do the same and become their friend. Doing this is a
great way to see what your child is doing and posting.
(The p ro m p ts in brackets m ay h elp you .) Y o u r p re s e n ta tio n should ta k e a b o u t 9 0 seconds and
like to ask.
What kind of news or information in the média are you interested in? How do you get it? Give
details of your habits and preferences.
OR
What do you and your friends/family/colleagues use the Internet fór? What else can it be good
fór?

h e r/h im y o u r o p in io n : g iv e reasons a n d personal e x am p les to s u p p o rt y o u r ideas. T alk a b o u t

You a n d y o u r p a rtn e r w o u ld like to spend th e e v e n in g w a tc h in g a film . Consider a n d discuss th e
details (w h a t ty p e o f film ; cin e m a, DVD re n ta l, o r d o w n lo a d in g fro m th e In te rn e t; costs, etc.). Teli
yo u r p a rtn e r y o u r ideas and try to com e to an a g re e m e n t.

In this p a rt s tu d en ts are asked to in tro d u c e the m s e lv e s a n d e x c h a n g e personal in fo rm a tio n .

Talk a b o u t th e to p ic based on th e pictures.
Speak sí
Do you a g re e o r d isag ree w ith th e fo llo w in g s ta te m e n t? Use reasons and exam p les to s u p p o rt
yo u r o p in io n . C o nd uct a d e b a te w ith y o u r p a rtn e r a b o u t th e s ta te m e n t b elo w .
"Cinemas and newsagents can close down, we can get rid o fo u r bookshelves: here's the Internet."
I absolutely agree. The Internet allows us to do everything faster and more

efficiently, so why nőt use it to make our lives more comfortable
in as many ways as we can?
(------------------------------------------------I---------------------------------------------
Well, this might be true. However, I think it has quite a lót o f disadvantages.
It ruins reál personal relationships and forces you to stare at a screen all day
long. Besides, it has quite a lót of risks, too.
Task 1
T h in k o f fu rth e r a rg u m e n ts fó r a n d aga in s t th e s ta te m e n t an d w rite th e m in th e ta b le .
Task 2
C o m p le te th e ta b le w ith th e s e a rg u m e n ts . T hey are NŐT in th e correct o rd er.
1 People always want something new, such as e-books, palm-top computers or smart phones.
2 Most people stick to the same style newspaper or magaziné and don’t want to read others.
3 With e-books and online newspapers we don’t need to cut down trees fór paper production,
so it’s environment-friendly.
4 Books and bookshelves are nőt only objects fór use, bút alsó beautiful things which decorate
your home and make it feel cosier.
5 With it you can keep in touch with íriends and relatives more easily.
IB S
6 Printed newspapers are convenient: when you frnish reading you just throw them away and
you don’t need any of those gadgets.
7 Downloading films is much cheaper or even free and more convenient than spending time
getting to expensive cinemas.
People wouldn’t want to throw away

<=> hundreds of years of history printed in
books.
You can read several newspapers or

magazines fór the price of one, so you can <=>
be better informed.
Batteries that run out and electronic scrap

<=> are dangerous waste which pollute the
environment.
E-books, computers, and other smaller

and smaller devices don’t take up valuable <=>
space in your home.
It’s a lót nicer to see them and spend somé

<=>
time out together, isn’t it?
With the Internet, you always have all the

information at hand and it’s only a small
device in your bag.
Only cinemas can provide the reál

experience of a large screen watching
movies together with other people, and
downloading is illegal anyway.
33
Speak sim
L, 7*
'fiillűtiy nb'j'Jl ú vjpte á - w a d i>jj p icíu m i
fijü jjja d ia
D escribe th e pictures a n d th e n ta lk a b o u t th e to p ic th e y illu s tra te . Inclu de th e fo llo w in g points:

* D iffe re n t typ es o f p rin te d m éd ia
* A d ve rtis in g in th e m éd ia: nuisance o r necessity
* T h e effects o f th e ele ctro n ic m éd ia on y o u n g p eo p le
Task 1
Task 2
C o m p are y o u r o w n n otes w ith th e fo llo w in g suggestions:
* Describe the pictures

♦ Newspapers: national and local, quality and tablóid; weekly/monthly magazines: by topic or
subject
mm
The Internet: the town square - markét and information exchange
Types of advertisements and commercials: product, service, classified
The effects of advertising on customers, children and young people
Task 3
M atch th e fo llo w in g questio ns a n d th e phrases. Use th e phrases to m a k e c o m p le te sentences.
1 Both printed and electronic média are fiill of advertisements. What is good about having
them? What is advertised?
2 They say the Internet is more democratic than the printed média. Why?
3 What advantages do web-based newspapers have over printed ones?
4 What is the downside of advertisements fór adults and children?
5 What types of printed média are available in your country? What are their characteristics?
daily national and local newspapers

quality and tablóid
weekly and monthly magazines
intemational and national political and sports news
local news, events and information
serious matters, accidents, crime, disasters, gossip, celebrities’ lives, paparazzo photos
special interests, popular science, hobbies, fashion
come out continuously

the latest news and updates every few minutes
cheaper because no printing, transport, seller needed
can reach more people in a shorter time
easy to modify if necessary
space nőt limited
express and share ideas freely

readers of certain sites can add comments, post blogs, take part in forums
users can start their own web page, share ideas
anybody can sell and buy things
lots of information
find out about things you might need, all kinds of products and services
classified ads: fór sale, jobs, marriages, friends, etc.
want to change our tastes and opinions
make us uniform
make people buy things they don’t need
try to transform young people intő ideál consumers
make them want unnecessary things and things the family can’t afford
accept(v) [ak'sept] elfogad

add (v) [ásd] hozzátesz, hozzáad
advertise (v) ['aedvataiz] hirdet, reklámoz
ad (n), advertisement (n) [adVsitism ant] hirdetés, reklám
advertising (n) [’aedvataizit]] hirdetés, reklámozás
afford (v) [a'fDid] megengedhet magának vmit
(anyagilag)
allow (v) [a'lau] megenged
audience (n) [bidians] közönség
battery (n) [’baetri] elem, akkumulátor
blog (= web lóg) (n) [blog] blog, webnapló
celebrity (n) [sa'lebrsti] híresség, celeb
cell phone / mobile phone [sel faun / 'm aubail faun] mobiltelefon
(n)
characteristic (n) [.kaerakta'ristxk] jellemvonás, jellemző
classified advertisements (n) ['klaesifaid ad'vsitism ants] apróhirdetések
close down (v) [klauz] bezár (végleg)
come out (v) [kAm] megjelenik (sajtótermék)
commercial (n) [ka'mBi/l] hirdetés, reklám
consider (v) [kan'sidaír)] megfontol
consumer (n) [kan'sjuimaír)] fogyasztó, vásárló
convenient (adj) [kan'viiniant] alkalmas, kényelmes
cosy (adj) [’kauzi] meghitt, barátságos
credit card (n) ['kredit ka:d] hitelkártya
cut down (v) [kAt] kivág
destination (n) [.desti'nei/n] cél, cím, céloldal
■ 1 9
disaster (n) [di'zaista(r)] katasztrófa
download (n) [.daun'laud] letöltés
downside (n) ['daunsaid] árnyoldal
e-book (n) [i: búk] e-könyv (digitális könyv)
effect (n) [i'fekt] hatás
efficiently (adv) [i'fi/ntli] hatékonyan
ensure (v) [in'Jua(r)] biztosít
environment-friendly (adj) [in'vairanm ant ’frendli] környezetbarát
explicit (adj) [ik'splisit] egyértelmű, határozott
filter (n) ['ftlta(r)] szűrő
find out about sth (v) [faind] információt szerez vmiről
fór sale [fa(r) seil] eladó (holmi, tulajdon)
force (v) [ÍDIS] kényszerít
frequently (adv) [’friikwantli] gyakran
gadget (n) ['gaed3it] szerkentyű, technikai eszköz
get rid of sth (v) [get rid] megszabadul vmitől
global viliágé (n) [’glaubl Vilid3] világfalu
gossip (n) ['gosip] pletyka
guardian (n) ['gaidian] kísérő, felügyelő
hang up (v) [haen] beszélgetést befejez, kapcsolatot
bezár
harmfiil (adj) ['haimfl] káros
illegal (adj) [i'liigl] törvénytelen
image (n) ['imid3] kép
inappropriate (adj) [.ina'praupriat] nem megfelelő
individual (n) [,indi'vid3ual] egyén, személy
information exchange (n) [,infa'm eijn ik s't/e in d 3] információcsere
interest (n) [’intrast] érdeklődés
keep in touch (v) [kiip in tAtJl kapcsolatot tart
limited (adj) [’limitid]] korlátozott
listing (n) flistii]] felsorolás
local (adj) [’laukl] helyi, helybeli
location (n) [lau'kei/n] hely(meghatározás)
make sb do sth (v) [meik] késztet vkit, hogy vmit csináljon
mm
matter (n) ['maet3(r)] ügy, téma
modify (v) ['modifai] módosít
monitor (v) ['momtaír)] felügyel, szemmel tart
monthly (adj) ['mAn0li] havi
national (adj) ['nasjnal] országos
necessity (n) [na'sesati] szükséglet
needed (adj) [niidid] szükséges
nuisance (n) ['njuisns] kellemetlenség, zavaró dolog
palm-top computer (n) [pa:m top k3m'pjuita(r)] zsebszámítógép
paparazzo, paparazzi (n) [.paepa'raetsau, .paepa'raetsi] lesifotós
password (n) [’pa:sw3:d] jelszó
permission (n) [pa'mijn] engedély
pollute (v) [pa'luit] szennyez
popular science (n) ['pDpjala(r) 'saians] tudományos ismeretterjesztés,
népszerű tudomány
post (v) [paust] elhelyez, közzétesz
predator (n) ['predata(r)] ragadozó
printed (adj) ['printid] nyomtatott
production (n) [pra'dAkfn] gyártás
protect (v) [pra'tekt] megvéd
provide (v) [pra'vaid] nyújt, ad
quality paper (n) ['kwolati] minőségi napilap
regardless of sth (adv) [ri'gaidlss] tekintet nélkül vmire, vmitől
függetlenül
rental (n) f'rentl] kölcsönzés
ruin (v) [’ruiin] tönkretesz
school grade (n) [sku: 1 greid] iskolai évfolyam
scrap (n) [skrsep] hulladék, ócskavas
screen (n) [skriin] képernyő, monitor
seller (n) ['sels(r)] árus
service (n) ['s3:vis] szolgáltatás
service provider (n) ['s3:vis pra'vaidaír)] szolgáltató
share (v) LTea(r)] megoszt
site (n) [sait] hely
á m
smart phone (n) [s m a it faun] okostelefon
space (n) [speis] hely, terület
stare at sth (v) [stea(r)] bámul vmit
stick to sth (v) [s tik ] ragaszkodik vmihez
tablóid (n) [’taebbid] bulvárlap
take up (v) [teik] elfoglal
taste (n) [te ist] ízlés
the latest news (n) [’le itis t] a legfrissebb hírek
throw away (v) [0rau] eldob
town square (n) [taun skwea(r)] főtér
transform (v) [traens'fDim] átalakít
transport (n) ['traenspDit] szállítás
uniform (adj) ['ju :m fD :m ] egyforma
(news) update (n) [’Apdeit] frissítés, a legfrissebb hírek
valuable (adj) ['vaeljuabl] értékes
waste (n) [w eist] hulladék
weekly (adj) [’w iik li] heti
zip code (n) [kaud] irányítószám
"Theater is life, film is art, television is fum iture."
A night out
I’m a big movie fan, bút a part of me sees the aetual experience as a chore. Yes, I want to see
movies in the cinema, bút there are so many things wrong with the cinema experience that I
wonder if it is actually worth it. If you have a big enough TV set at home, what is the added
value of going to the cinema?
Raise your hands if you’ve ever been to a cinema where the movie was out of focus or had
too many scratches on it. I’m hoping a lót o f you just raised your hands and are annoyed by
the fact that this happens so often.
The movies in cinemas are too loud or too soft, or something a bit in between, where in the
same movie the action sequences are too loud and the dialogue is too soft.
Auditoriums are fiiled with as many seats as possible, nőt thinking at all of giving the optimál
experience to the movie goer.
When you’re already stuck in a crappy seat with no lég space, what do you do with your coat
and bags? Answer: you pút it on the chair next to you. And if it’s busy? Well, then you’re
forced to sit on your coat in your already uncomfortable seat and pút your bags amid your
already limited lég space.
Going to the theatre is a very unique experience.

In a theatre, the seats are generally comfortable and the room is at a comfortable temperature.
You normally have assigned tickets, so you know where you'll be sitting in advance.
The atmosphere is always very different, fór example, from that of a the cinema. It is generally
more electric and responsive. It is always very easy to be drawn in to the spirit and natúré of
the audience.
Seeing live performances is completely different from watching them on screen. There is a
magnetism which is easy to notice.
Live music is always a bonus. The way it rises and swirls around us, progressively getting
louder and faster as the show moves on. It always gets the audience in the mood.
The lighting and scenery are always amazing and we marvei at the skill and artistry behind
them.
And of course the costumes - especially in somé of the big shows - are just gorgeous.
1EJ
like toask.
You should nőt interrupt your partner during his/her presentation
Which forms of entertainment do you prefer? Why? How do you feel about other possibilities?
OR
A favourite film or play you’ve recently seen (author/director, title, genre, characters, plot, a
favourite scene, why you’d recommend it).
te le Part 2 - G iving o p in io n
Read the text(s) on the previous page. Discuss the content of the text(s) with your partner. Teli
her/him your opinion: give reasons and personal examples to support your ideas. Talk about
tele Part 3 -C o n s e n s u s
You and your partner have decided to start a bánd with three other people. Consider and discuss
the details (style, Instruments, how to obtain them, a piacé fór practising, where to perform,
costs). Teli your partner your ideas and try to come to an agreement.


Q l
/ L>=#biiía
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Use reasons and examples to support
your opinion. Conduct a debate with your partner about the statement above.
"Attending one o fth e huge music festivals in Europe can be a great experience and
the high lig ht o fy o u r summer."
I absolutely agree. They’re more fűn than any other event and the music
is just great. It’s like making up fór any concert you missed earlier during
the year.
Well, this might be true, bút don’t forget that they are just another matter
of business. In recent years there has been a lót of criticism because the
organisers tend to neglect the details.
Task 1
Fór Against
* <=> *
* *
* <=> *
Task 2
1 If you compare it with a reál trip, you’ll find this is a very expensive holiday.
2 It has been proved that the extremely high volume in these concerts is harmful, it causes
severe damage to your ears.
3 Just being there is already an adventure: you can spend a few days camp ing in nice
surroundings.
4 There’s nothing wrong with them, of course, bút I don’t think many people visit them or take
them seriously between two pints.
1 0 9
5 Those erowds can be really dangerous when they get out of control and panic. Besides, there’s
the risk of theft or getting involved in drug abuse.
6 You can listen to a huge variety of styles and performers, so everybody can be sure they’11fmd
something fór themselves.
7 You can see your favourite performers close up.
Nowhere else can you fmd such incredible

acoustics as in the front rows of the <=>
audience.
__________________________________ You’re exposed to storms, wet weather and

__________________________________ <=> awfiil hygiene, while you can’t even get a
__________________________________ good sleep in your uncomfortable tent.
There are always lots of people, alsó from __________________________________

other countries, who you can meet and <=> __________________________________
make friends with.
With so many spectators and fans around

you may nőt get close to the stage at all
and then you’ll have to make do with the
screen.
Being at a festival like these is a holiday __________________________________

as well: you’re somewhere else, away __________________________________
from home fór several days. It’s an event ^ __________________________________
you look forward to. __________________________________
__________________________________ There are so many concerts, often on

__________________________________ different stages at the same time that it
__________________________________ ' can be quite difficult to choose and decide
__________________________________ which ones to listen to.
There are lots of other educational

programmes as well, such as drug
prevention, medical screening, w
psychologists to give you advice.
H u iajriü iijjn a j):
Describe th e pictures an d th e n ta lk a b o u t th e to p ic th e y illu s tra te . In d u d e th e fo llo w in g points:

Piaces a n d typ es o f e n te rta in m e n t w h e n g oin g o u t
T he m o st p o p u la r fo rm s o f e n te rta in m e n t a m o n g y o u n g p eo p le
T he least p o p u la r fo rm s o f e n te rta in m e n t a m o n g y o u n g p eo p le , reasons
A g en e rá l deserip tion o f tele v is io n channels and th e ir p ro g ram m e s
Task 1
Prepare to ta lk a b o u t th e to p ic a t le n g th , fó r a b o u t 6 -8 m in u te s . M a ke notes as you are p re p a rin g .
Task 2

Cinema: genres, advantages, disadvantages
Theatre:. genres, popularity, atmosphere, dressing up
Clubs, discos
IB S
Television: choiee and characteristics of channels, types of programmes
Your personal preferences and habits
Task 3
M atch th e fo llo w in g q uestions a n d th e phrases. Use th e phrases to m a k e c o m p le te sentences.
1 How do you imagine an ideál night out? How are your actual habits different from this
ideál?
2 What can you see in different theatres? How can you get tickets fór popular performances?
What do people pút on fór the theatre?
3 What different types of films are shown at the cinema? What is shown before the main film?
4 What different types of television channels and radio stations are there to choose from? What
programmes do they offer?
5 What other ways of spending a night out are popular with young people? What are they
like?
6 Which museums and what exhibitions are popular in your country? When do young people
visit them?
7 Why do a lót of people still prefer going to the cinema to watching films at home?
comedy, thriller, horror, fantasy, action, adventure, drama, historical, documentary, art,
romantic movies
trailers, commercials
an occasion that takes you out

special atmosphere because of lots of other people
popcorn
better sound and picture quality
often in shopping centres - do window shopping or shopping as well
straight plays: comedy, drama, tragedy

musical, opera, ballet, variety show, dance show
book online
buy at the ticket office of the theatre before the performance
early booking fór popular shows weeks or even months before the date
* dress up elegantly
first night - occasion to pút on evening dress/best suit
discos: crowded, noisy, flashing lights, dance to loud music, bar to get drinks
clubs: bar or buffet, games, pool, billiards, snooker, bowling, ninepins
cafés: soft drinks, coffee, tea, chat with friends
C9R
* pubs: meals and alcoholic drinks, music
* Museum of Fine Árts and the Art Gallery in the Capital, somé county museums, certain galleries
* nőt often crowded, except special exhibitions, special events like the Night of Museums:
galleries and museums open throughout the night
* museums and galleries are often part of school trip itineraries
state and commercial channels and stations; State: wide selection of quality and educational
programmes as well, news and background, documentaries, films, sport, chat shows
commercial: more specialised according to type of programmes/music, more advertisements
which interrupt programmes, lots of quizzes, reality shows, more like tablóid papers
# on an ideál night out I’d .. go to .. with friends/boyfriend/girlfriend

♦ dance, play, have a meal
* nőt go out very often because
♦ (only) once/twice/three times a week/month/year
acoustics (n) [a'kuistiks] akusztika, hangzás

actual (adj) [’aekt/ual] tényleges
adjust (v) [9'd3ASt] beállít
adventure (n) [adventjai-)] kaland
assigned (adj) [a'saind] helyre szóló (jegy)
attend sth (v) [s'tend] elmegy (eseményre), részt vesz
audience (n) ['Didians] közönség
auditórium (n) [pidi'tD iria m ] nézőtér
background (n, adj) ['baekgraund] háttér
bar (n) [bar(r)] pult, bár
be annoyed by sth (v) [a'nDid] bosszantja vmi
be forced to do sth (v) [fDISt] kénytelen vmit csinálni
be stuck (v) [stAk] be van szorítva
billiards (n) [’biliadz] biliárd
book (v) [búk] (jegyet) foglal/vesz
bowling (n) ['bauliQ] teke, bowling
care about sth (v) [kea(r)] törődik vmivel
channel (n) [’tjaenl] (tévé)csatoma
character (n) ['kaerakta(r)] figura, szereplő
chat show (n) [fau] beszélgetős műsor
chore (n) [tjbi(r)] kellemetlen feladat
close up (adv) [klaus] közelről
commercial (adj) [ka'm Bi/l] kereskedelmi
commercial (n) [ka'm sijl] reklámfilm, hirdetés
complain about sth (v) [kam 'plein] panaszkodik vmi miatt
costume (n) ['kostjuim ] jelmez
crappy (adj) [’kraepi] ócska
criticism (n) ['kritis iz a m ] kritika
damage (n) ['daemid3] sérülés, ártalom
detail (n) ['d iite il] részlet
do window shopping (v) [du: 'windau 'Jopit]] kirakatokat nézeget
documentary (n) [.dükju'mentri] dokumentumfílm
dress up (v) [dres] kiöltözik
drug abuse (n) [drAg a'bjuis] droggal való visszaélés
educational (adj) [,ed3u'ke i/nl] oktató célzatú, felvilágosító
employee (n) [im 'p b ii:] alkalmazott
evening dress (n) ['iiv n it] dres] estélyi ruha
exhibition (n) [.eksi'bi/n] kiállítás
exposed to sth (adj) [ik'spauzd] vminek kitett
extremely (adv) [ik 's triim li] rendkívül
fan (n) [fe n ] rajongó
first night (n) [f3ist n ait] premier
flashing (adj) ['flaejin] villogó
fun (n) [fAn] élvezetes
gallery (n) ['gaelari] képtár, galéria
genre (n) ['3Őra] műfaj
get involved in sth (v) [inVolvd] belekeveredik vmibe
get out of control (v) [ka n'trau l] irányíthatatlanná válik
go out(v) [gau] szórakozni megy
gorgeous (adj) ['go:d3as] pompás, ragyogó
IB B
harmful (adj) ['haim fl] káros
highlight (n) [’hailait] csúcspont, legjobb rész
historical (adj) [h i'sto rikl] történelmi
hygiene (n) [' haid3i i n] higiénia
in agreement (adv) [a'griimant] egyetértően
incredible (adj) [in'kredsbl] hihetetlen
instrument (n) ['instramant] hangszer
interrupt (v) [.inta'rApt] félbeszakít
itinerary (n) [ai'tinarari] útiterv, program
lég space (n) [lég speis] hely a lábaknak
light (n) [Iáit] fény
lighting (n) ['laitír]] világítás
limited (adj) ['lim itid ] korlátozott, szűk
look forward to sth (v) [luk 'fDiwad] örömmel vár vmit
magnetism ['maegnatizam] vonzás, vonzerő
make do with sth (v) [m eik du:] beéri vmivel
make friends with sb (v) [m eik frendz] összebarátkozik vkivel
make up fór (v) [meik] kárpótol
marvei at sth (v) ['m aivl] csodál vmit
matter of sth (n) ['maeta(r)] vmilyen ügy, vminek a kérdése
movie goer (n) ['m uivi 'gaua(r)] moziba járó
Museum of Fine Árts (n) [mju'zi:am ev fain a:ts] Szépművészeti Múzeum
neglect (v) [ni'glekt] figyelmen kívül hagy
ninepins (n) ['nainpinz] teke
nőd (v) [nőd] bólint
obtain (v) [ab'tein] megszerez, beszerez
occasion (n) [a'kei3n] alkalom
offer (v) ['Dfa(r)] kínál
optimál (adj) ['optim ál] ideális, legjobb
out of focus ['faukas] homályos, életlen
perform (v) [pa'fDim] fellép, szerepel
performer (n) [pa'fo:ma(r)] előadó, fellépő
pint (n) [paint] korsó
plot (n) [plot] cselekmény
pool (n) [puli] biliárdszerű játék, pool
IBS
properly (adv) ['propali] helyesen, megfelelően
prove (v) [pru:v] bebizonyít
purely (adv) f'pjuali] tisztán, teljesen
quiz (n) [kwiz] vetélkedő
raise (v) [reiz] felemel
reality show (n) [ri'aslati Jau] valóságshow
recommend (v) [.reka'mend] ajánl
scene (n) [siin] jelenet
scenery (n) ['sim ari] díszlet
school trip (n) [sku:l trip ] osztálykirándulás
scratch (n) [skraetfl karc, karcolás
screening (n) [sk riin ii]] szűrés, szűrővizsgálat
sequence (n) [’siikwans] jelenet, eseménysor
severe (adj) [si'via(r)] súlyos
snooker (n) ['snu:k3(r)] biliárdszerű játék, snooker
soft drink (n) [soft drit]k] alkoholmentes ital
spectator (n) [spek'teit3(r)] néző
spirit (n) ['s p in t] hangulat
state (adj) [steit] állami
storm (n) [stDim] vihar
straight play (n) [streit plei] nem zenés színdarab
swirl (v) [S W 3 ll] örvénylik
surroundings (n) [sa'raundiqz] környezet
tablóid (adj, n) ['tffib b id ] bulvár, bulvárlap
tend to do sth (v) [tend] hajlamos vmit csinálni
theft (n) [Geft] lopás, tolvajlás
ticket office (n) ['tik it 'ofis] jegypénztár
to be honest [‘onist] őszintén szólva
trailer (n) ['treila(r)] filmelőzetes
TV set (n) [,ti: 'vi: set] tévékészülék
unique (adj) [ju'niik] egyedi, különleges
variety show (n) [va'raiati Jau] szórakoztató műsor
volume (n) ['voljuim ] hangerő
wet (adj) [wet] esős
worth (adj) [w3:0] megéri
u
"There are tw o means ofrefuge from the misery oflife, music and cats."Albert Schweitzer
Pets at home
Why do humán beings keep pets? Here are a few opinions.
From a housekeeping point of view, I suppose a pet is a kind of omament - the best omament
you can have because nőt only is it (usually) very aesthetically pleasing, it moves around the
home of its own accord, it is warm and smooth to touch, and it responds to our presence and
keeps us company!
Wouldn't anyone want a partner who worshipped them, always welcomed them home
enthusiastically, ate grateíully at every meal, was content with cheap outings and presents
and gave lifelong loyalty and protection? I read last year that a large number of US women
wished they could marry their dogs!
I guess it's something to do with having power over another being. Bút when the matter is
considered rationally, only sad, inadequate humán individuals would wish to keep members
o f other species as captives.
Keep them as captives? I don't notice my dogs running off to freedom every time they get the
chance. The reál reason people keep pets is fór the affection, companionship and fon that it
provides. Pets stay fór the same reasons plus a ready supply of food and a warm and safe bed.
Incidentally, I have usually found that people who keep pets and those who were brought up
in homes where pets were kept are alsó more relaxed among other people's pets, quite happy
to accept the occasional dog hair or scratched door and have a healthy respect fór animals
and their welfare.
Pets are animals which could scarcely even survive, let alone be happy, living in the wild.
Humán beings provide safety and nourishment fór such creatures, and protect them írom the
dangers they would otherwise face.
mm
.

(The p ro m p ts in brackets m a y h elp you.) Yo ur p re s e n ta tio n should ta k e a b o u t 9 0 seconds and
like to a s k .
Describe and give details of your present hobby/a hobby you may want to start in the future.
OR
Talk about a book you remember well (author, title, génre, characters, plot, why you would/
wouldn’t recommend it).

Read th e tex t(s) on th e p reviou s p ag e . Discuss th e c o n te n t o f th e tex t(s) w ith y o u r p a rtn e r. Teli
h e r/h im y o u r o p in io n : g ive reasons a n d personal exam p le s to s u p p o rt y o u r ideas. T alk a b o u t
y o u r o w n e x p e rie n c e w ith th e p ro b le m s m e n tio n e d a n d possible solutions.

You an d yo u r p a rtn e r h ave decid ed to b u y a b irth d a y p re s e n t fó r a c o m m o n frie n d . T h e o ption s
are: a p e t, a v id e ó g a m e , a music CD o r a b o o k on g a rd e n in g . Consider a n d discuss th e d etails.
Teli y o u r p a rtn e r y o u r ideas and try to com e to an a g re e m e n t.

In this p a rt s tu d en ts are asked to in tro d u c e th e m s e lv e s a n d exch a n g e personal in fo rm a tio n .

MM
Do you a g re e o r d isag ree w ith th e fo llo w in g s ta te m e n t? Use reasons and exam p le s to su p p o rt
"Videó games are the best possible introduction in tő the challenges o f the modern world,
so traditional board games can be forgottén.“
/•--------------------------------------------------- - - ..........
I absolutely agree. Videó games are the top of high tech and they help to
learn about the digital world and then keep up-to-date in it.
Well, this might be true, bút board games can be enjoyed anywhere, any
time, without electricity, energy, or any other modem devices. They have
already stood the test of time.
Task 1
T h in k o f fu rth e r a rg u m e n ts fó r and a g a in s t th e s ta te m e n t a n d w rite th e m in th e ta b le .
Task 2
C o m p le te th e ta b le w ith th e s e a rg u m e n ts . Th e y are NŐT in th e correct o rd er.
1 All you need is a game console, computer or smart phone, which are alsó very useful
multitasking systems.
2 Board games help participants leam body language and social behaviour while watching their
partners.
3 It’s just lengthening the time of boredom and spending time on their own with a gadget, which
makes them antisocial and may lead to problems at school or work.
4 Nothing can substitute fór the physical feeling of actually holding or moving the pieces.
1 1 9
J - l ? i3 3 Ü 1JJ3
5 They are highly educational in many ways: teach vocabulary, critical thinking, and a variety
of other helpful interactions.
6 Very often, friends live a long way away and can’t get together. Moreover, a lót of children
don’t have friends at all, so they have no one to communicate with.
7 Videó games have endless possibilities: they can pút you intő a terrorist's mind or you can
drive at 250 km/h.
In many cases, a child just can’t find

partners to play with because everybody
else is busy, bút an exciting electronic
game will keep them interested.
* Board games bring the participants

together and you communicate on a level
that just cannot be done while interacting
with artificial intelligence.
They are a lót more entertaining because

they don’t require as much background
<=>
knowledge as somé of the traditional
games.
* They are a safe, and relatively inexpensive

<=> way fór a few hours of fun without the
difficulties of electronics.
They represent really high quality. Take

<=> ----------------------------------------------------
the graphics, fór example.
_____________________________ These are things young people shouldn’t

o get used to. If they do, they may behave
like this in reál life, too.
With them there’s no more cheating.

Besides, it’s so much easier to find
partners any time you want because they <=>
have the power to connect with players
around the world.
r / 3 3 íjjjja

Typical fre e tim e a c tiv ities /h o b b ie s
T h e b en e fits (an d d raw backs) o f th e activities in th e pictures
K eeping pets: resp onsibilities, a rg u m e n ts fó r and aga in s t
Task 1
Task 2
m
Free time activity - anything we do fór fun, e.g.: going to the park, etc.; hobby - regular
activity passión which requires and develops skills, knowledge and experience; hobbies fór
somé are professions fór others
The most common hobbies and free time activities
Somé of the benefíts, difficulties and disadvantages of somé common hobbies
Pets in the home, why we lőve them, what they teach us
Responsibilities of looking after pets
Task 3
M atc h th e fo llo w in g q uestions a n d th e phrases. Use th e phrases to m a k e c o h e re n t sentences.
1 What musical instruments do people leam to play fór a hobby? What’s good about playing
an instmment? Which instrument wouldn’t you recommend to someone living in a block of
flats? Why?
2 What kind of garden do most people have around their homes? Which are the most common
garden jobs and tools?
3 What kind of books do people read fór pleasure? What are your reading habits?
4 What hobbies do you think you might take up one day / you would never take up? Why? What
do they require?
5 What do pets need to be happy? In what other ways should they be looked after?
6 What animals are kept as pets? What’s good about having pets?
7 In what way can pets be a nuisance to their owner and others?
8 A lót of young people spend hours every day playing videó or computer games. What can be
wrong with that?
sitting too much is bad fór health

get hooked on
take time away from studies
socialising and more rewarding hobbies
e.g. mountaineering - have always liked heights, amazing views of snowy peaks, energetic
physical activity, adventure, risk, lots of expensive equipment, a long way from home, time-
consuming
e.g. collecting butterflies - can’t stand sedentary pastimes, needs lots of research, patience
non-fíction: biography, autobiography, historical, essay, popular science

fiction: horror, humour, mythology, románcé, supematural, thriller, adventure, mystery/
suspense, fantasy, science fiction, historical fiction, tales, poetry
play, növel, short story, poem
55
piano, violin, cello, flute, harp, guitar, bass, drums
singing in a choir
boosts your brain, teaches you discipline, relieves stress, fűn, gives you sense of
achievement
would nőt recommend: too loud, makes unpleasant sounds at the beginning
hamster, rabbit, cat, dog, mouse, Guinea pig, ferret, turtle, snake, lizard, fish, tortoise, spider,
birds: canary, parrot
teach discipline and responsibility
keep company
regular activity
dealing with pets calms you down
sufficient space
suitably large cage/tank
protection from weather
companionship
suitable food and drink
feeding
playing with them
looking after their health: taking them to the vet, vaccination
difficult to travel with

can’t be left alone too long
do damage to fumiture
loud barking, bad smell
fouling stairs
courtyard
pavement or grass
carry and pass on diseases
vegetable garden, flower garden

cut plants back
apply fertilisers
plánt flowers/vegetables
water plants
puli out weeds
trim hedges
mow the lawn
spray plants to protect them from common diseases
clean up fallen branches and debris, collect fallen leaves
tools: lawnmower, shovel, rake, spade, pruning shears
1 1 9
activity (n) [aek'tivati] tevékenység
aesthetically (adv) [iis'Getikli] esztétikailag
affection (n) [a'fekfn] ragaszkodás
alien (n) ['eilian] idegen, földönkívüli
antisocial (adj) [.aenti'saujl] antiszociális
apply (v) [a'plai] alkalmaz
artificial (adj) [,a:ti'fijl] mesterséges
behave (v) [bi'heiv] viselkedik
behaviour (n) [bi'heivja(r)] viselkedés
board game (n) [bDid geim] társasjáték
body language (n) ['bodi ‘Iaer)gwid3] testbeszéd
boost (v) [buxst] erősít, felfokoz
boredom (n) ['bDidam] unalom
boss (n) [bős] főnök
butterfly (n) ['bAtaflai] pillangó, lepke
calm down (v) [kaim] megnyugtat
captive (n) ['kseptív] fogoly
challenge (n) ['t;* lin d 3] kihívás
character (n) ['kaerakta(r)] szereplő
cheating (n) [tjiitír)] csalás
choir (n) ['kwaia(r)] énekkar
companionship (n) [kam'paenian/ip] társaság
connect with sb (v) [ka'nekt] kapcsolatba lép vkivel
consider (v) [kan'sida(r)] megfontol, figyelembe vesz
content (adj) [kan'tent] elégedett
creature (n) ['kriitja(r)] lény
critical (adj) ['kntikl] kritikus
cut sth back (v) [kAt] metsz, visszavág
debris (n) ['debrir] hulladék, szemét
develop (v) [di'velap] fejleszt
device (n) [di'vais] eszköz
difficulty (n) [difikalti] nehézség, probléma
e a t
discipline (n) ['disaplin] fegyelem
do damage to sth (v) [du: 'daemid3] kárt okoz vmiben
educational (adj) [.edsu'keijnl] oktató célzatú
electronics (n) [i.lek'tmniks] elektronika
endless (adj) [’endlas] végtelen
energetic (adj) [,ena'd3etik] energikus
entertaining (adj) [.enta'teimi]] szórakoztató
enthusiastically (adv) [xn.Gjuizi'sestikli] lelkesen
equipment (n) [i'kwipmant] felszerelés
face sth (v) [feis] szembenéz vmivel
fertiliser (n) ['f3:talaiz9(r)] (mű)trágya
fish tank (n) [’fi/taenk] akvárium
fór fun (adv) [fAn] élvezetből
fór pleasure (adv) ['ple33(r)] szórakozásból
foul (v) [fául] összepiszkít
gadget (n) ['gaed3it] szerkentyű
genre (n) ['3öra] műfaj
get hooked on (v) [get huktget] rabjává válik vminek
get used to sth (v) [get juist] hozzászokik vmihez
graphics (n) ['grasfiks] grafika
gratefully (adv) ['greitfali] hálásan
hair (n) [hea(r)] szőr
have power over sb [haev 'paua(r)] hatalma van vki felett
hedge (n) [hed3] sövény
height (n) [hait] magasság
helpful (adj) ['helpfl] hasznos
high tech (n) [hai tek] csúcstechnológia
highly (adv) ['haili] nagyon
housekeeping (adj) [’hauskiipír]] háztartási
humán being (n) ['hjuim an 'bi:ir]] emberi lény
inadequate (adj) [in'aedikwat] alkalmatlan
incidentally (adv) [,insi'dentli] mellékesen
individual (n) [,indi'vid3U3l] egyén
inexpensive (adj) [.inik'spensiv] olcsó
intelligence (n) [in'telid39ns] intelligencia
■ 1 9
interaction (n) [.intar'aekjn] interakció (kommunikációban)
introduction (n) [.intra'dAkfn] bevezetés
keep sb company (v) [ki:p 'kAmpani] szórakoztat vkit, együtt van vkivel
knowledgeable (n) ['nDlid39bl] sok ismerettel bíró
lawn (n) [bin] pázsit, fu
lengthen (v) [’leqGan] kinyújt, meghosszabbít
let alone [let a'laun] főleg nem
lifelong (adj) ['laifloi]] egész életre szóló
look after (v) [luk] gondoz, ellát
loyalty (n) [’bialti] hűség
matter (n) ['ma2ta(r)] ügy, kérdés
means (n) [mi:nz] mód, út, eszköz
mind (n) [maind] elme
misery (n) [‘mizari] nyomorúság
moreover (adv) [mD:r'auva(r)] ráadásul
mountaineering (n) [.maunta'marii]] hegymászás
mow (v) [mau] nyír (füvet)
multitasking (adj) [,mAlti'ta:skir]] sokfunkciós
nourishment (n) ['iw ij'm ant] táplálás
observe (v) [ab'z3:v] megfigyel
occasional (adj) [a'kei3anl] esetenkénti
of one’s own accord (adv) [aun a'kDid] önként, saját elhatározásából
omament (n) ['Dinamant] dísz
otherwise (adv) ['A&awaiz] másként, egyébként
outing (n) ['autii]] séta
owner (n) ['auna(r)] gazda
participant (n) [pai'tisipant] résztvevő
passión (n) [’pas/n] szenvedély
pastime (n) ['paistaim ] időtöltés
patience (n) [’peijns] türelem
peak (n) [pük] csúcs
piece (n) [püs] bábu, figura (játékban)
pleasing (adj) ['pliizírj] tetszetős
plot (n) [pl Dt] cselekmény (műé)
point of view (n) [pDint av vju:] nézőpont
presence (n) [‘prezns] jelenlét
protection (n) [pra'tekjn] védelem
prove the test o f time (v) [pru:v öa te s t av taim ] kiállja az idő próbáját
provide (v) [pra'vaid] ad, nyújt
pruning shears (n) [pruinit] Jiaz] metszőolló
rake (n) [reik] gereblye
recommend (v) [.reka'm end] ajánl
refuge (n) ['refju :d 3] menekvés
relaxed (adj) [ri'lsekst] nyugodt
relieve (v) [ri'liiv] csökkent, enyhít
represent (v) [.repri'zent] képvisel
research (n) [ri's3:tj] kutatás
respect (n) [ri'spekt] tisztelet
respond (v) [ri'spond] reagál
rewarding (adj) [ri'wDidit]] örömöt nyújtó
run off (v) [rAn] elszökik
safety (n) ['seifti] biztonság
scarcely (adv) ['skeasli] alig
scratched (adj) [skraet/t] összekaristolt
sedentary (adj) [’sedntri] ülő (pl. tevékenység)
sense o f achiev ement (n) [sens av a'tjiivm ant] a teljesítmény tudata
shovel (n) [’jAVl] lapát
skill (n) [skil] készség
smooth (adj) [sm u:ö] sima
social (adj) ['S9UJI] társasági
socialise (v) ['sau jalaiz] társasági életet él
spade (n) [speid] ásó
species (n) [sp i:/iiz ] faj
spray (v) [sprei] permetez
staff(n) [sta:f] személyzet
substitute fór sth (v) ['SAbStltjurt] helyettesít vmit
sufficient (adj) [sa'fi/nt] elegendő
supply (n) [sa'plai] ellátás
1 1 9
survive (v) [sa'vaiv] túlél
take time away from sth (v) [teik] időt vesz el vmitől
take up (an activity) (v) [teik], [aek'tivati] elkezd (rendszeres tevékenységet)
time-consuming (adj) [,taimkan'sju:miq] időigényes
tool (n) [tuil] szerszám
trim (v) [trim] nyír
vaccination (n) [.vaeksi'nei/n] védőoltás
variety of sth (n) [va'raiati] számos
vegetable garden (n) ['ved3tabl ’gaidn] konyhakert
view (n) [yjui] látvány
vocabulary (n) [va'kaebjalari] szókincs
weed (n) [wiid] gyom
welcome (v) ['welkam] üdvözöl
welfare (n) ['welfea(r)] jólét
wild (n) [waild] vadon
worship (v) ['w3:/ip] imád
' J f 3, W ü í 'a
"It is always better to fait in doing something than to excel in doing nothing."
G e t a d e g re e , g e t a jo b
At 18, lots of young people are to make a hard decision: should they start a career straight
away or should they pút off making up their minds by spending a few more years at college
or university?
Planning a career can be tough in an ever-changing job markét. It’s nőt just the job itself you’ve
got to consider; it’s the working hours, work environment, pay and training opportunities as
well.
Fór example, nőt all workers are simply employed by a company. There are lots more people
working on short and fixed term contracts, instead of full-time, permanent ones.
Somé people choose to get temporary jobs through an employment agency. Others work on
a freelance basis, meaning that they work fór themselves, bút take on short-term contracts
fór companies.
The workforce is now more skilled and qualified than ever. With employers having a larger
group of candidates to choose írom, it can be hard to get intő work if you can’t show that you
have somé qualifications or skills.
Starting at 9.00 am, finishing at 5.00 pm with an hour fór lunch somewhere in the middle
may still be considered a working day, bút fór more and more people it’s nőt a reality. Somé
jobs, like nursing or manufacturing depend on using shift pattems, meaning working during
the night and early moming.
Somé jobs will be outside, somé will be in an office, somé will be in a workshop or industrial
environment and somé will be more physically demanding than others.
Instead of becoming an employee o f a company or organisation, somé people prefer to work
fór themselves or start a business o f their own. Starting your own business can be tough; you
need to have a business plán and, depending on the sort of business you are trying to set up,
enough money to pay fór premises, electricity, power and even smaller things like stationery.
It can all add up.
Why go to university?
Whether you're a parent or a student, have you really considered the reasons fór attending
university? And are they good ones?
Nothing annoys me more than talking about university with people who don't even know why
they are there. It isn't the students who annoy me, it's the entire idea that anyone could go
through high school, talk with guidance counsellors, teachers, friends, and family, could apply
fór govemment loans and sign intő debt, and still nőt have an answer as to why it happened.
It seems incredible to think that anyone could invest years of time, and tens of thousands of
dollars, with no clear purpose to justify all that effort and expense, bút it happens all the time.
you should a n s w e r y o u r p artn e r's questio ns a fte rw a rd s .
like to ask.
You should n ő t in te rru p t y o u r p a rtn e r d u rin g h is /h e r p re s e n ta tio n
Your present job, an/the ideál job (profession, required skills, type of workplace, working hours
and conditions, actual activities, good and bad things about it).
OR
Why you would or wouldn’t like to work abroad.

h e r/h im y o u r o p in io n : g ive reasons a n d personal exam p les to s u p p o rt y o u r ideas. T alk a b o u t
tele P art 3 - Consensus

You a n d y o u r p a rtn e r (a frie n d fro m a b ro a d ) h ave d ecid ed to do a fe w w e e ks o f c h a rity w o rk
to g e th e r. Consider an d discuss th e details (w h a t, w h e re , h o w lon g, h o w o fte n , w h y useful, skills
re q u ire d ). Teli y o u r p a rtn e r y o u r ideas a n d try to c om e to an a g re e m e n t.
ECL Part 1 - In tro d u e tio n

In th is p a rt s tu d en ts are asked to in tro d u c e the m s e lv e s an d exc h a n g e p erson al in fo rm a tio n .

63
\
L íteru ssjy jj / u ia
s s í
Do you a g re e o r d isag ree w ith th e fo llo w in g opinio n? Use reasons and exam p les to s u p p o rt yo u r
o p in io n . C o nd uct a d e b a te w ith y o u r p a rtn e r a b o u t th e s ta te m e n t b e lo w .
"Ifyou want good education, a good job, a successful career and a good life, don't expect them to find you.
Go and find them yourself-abroad."
I absolutely agree. Studying and working abroad will pút you in another
dimension that you can base your fiiture on. Just look at all the people who
have become successful abroad.
Well, this m ight be true. However, in the média, you don’t hear about all
those who gave it all up and retumed because it didn’t come off or they
couldn’t cope with the difficulties of a completely different culture.
Task 1
T h in k o f fu rth e r a rg u m e n ts fó r an d a g a in s t th e s ta te m e n t a n d w rite th e m in th e ta b le .
Task 2
C o m p le te th e ta b le w ith th e s e a rg u m e n ts . T h e y are NŐ T in th e correct o rd er.
1 You don’t have to pay fór everything yourself. There are scholarships and several funds have
opened up to help prospective students.
2 Wages and salaries are a lót higher.
3 The really important areas can be studied here, too.
4 Millions of people have leamt foreign languages well enough to get on in all kinds o f situation
without ever living in the country of the target language.
5 Large foreign-owned and multinational companies use the same methods in our country.
■ 1 9
6 Entries like this don’t matter much unless there’s reál expertise behind them.
7 Away from your family, you really grow up and leam to live and get on without your parents’
help, so you become a lót more independent.
There’s a much wider choice of colleges,

universities and courses.
You’re alone, exposed to all sorts of

problem situations. Just imagine being
ill in hospital and having no one to visit
you.
You are in a local environment, so your

language skills will reap the benefits.
They are the chosen few. Otherwise,

unless your stay and studies are fmanced
by a rich uncle, studying full-time and
working several part-time jobs to make
ends meet can be harder than most people
imagine.
Degrees obtained abroad or foreign work

experience look really impressive on your
CV.
<=> The living costs are much higher, too.
You can acquire developed work skills and

gain intemational work experience, leam <=s>
new techniques and methods of working.
1 65
íiiiíúii’j ubv'Ji u íy p k ú íj 3 3 * 1 u j j '/ itvjtm
V J u tk

♦ Choosing a profession
S u m m e ra n d p a rt-tim e job s
W o rk in g con dition s
HELP
W /X N T E D
Task 1
Prepare to ta lk a b o u t th e to p ic a t le n g th , fó r a b o u t 6 -8 m in utes. M a k e notes as you a re p re p a rin g .
A rra n g e y o u r th o u g h ts in a logicai w ay.
Task 2

Choosing a profession/career
prestigious and unprestigious or menial jobs
other aspects to consider: abilities, character, interests, studies, demand
Students in jobs
summer j obs, part-time jobs, volunteer work
Finding a job, getting a job
application, interview
Working conditions:
hours, location, responsibilities, pay
Job opportunities in the EU
Unemployment and its effects
Task 3
1 How can people reduce the risk of becoming unemployed? What are the dangers of
unemployment?
2 How do you go about getting a job?
3 How do young people decide on a future career?
4 How does belonging to the European Union broaden our job opportunities?
5 More and more students opt to take a gap year before goingto university. How do they spend
it and what are the benefits?
6 What are the most important aspects of working conditions?
7 What different kinds of charity work are there fór people to choose from at home and abroad?
8 Which are the most and least prestigious professions in your country?
9 Why do students sometimes get jobs? What jobs do they typically take?
lawyer, IT speciálist, industrial engineer, economist, doctor; ticket inspector, farmer, industrial
craftsman, social worker, policeman, teacher
few aspects considered carefully

little information about professions
based on dreams
family background and traditions
generál impression of living standard
social prestige
salary outlook
influence of peer group (don’t want to seem less ambitious)
can’t decide and choose at random
summer jobs - pass time in school holidays, eam pocket money, savé fór trip or to buy
something
* part-time jobs - pay fór expenses of studies, gain professional experience while at school/
college/university
* check-out cashier, mail/pizza delivery boy/girl, shelf-fíller, waiter, receptionist
raising/collecting money, organising fund raising events, visiting and helping old or disabled
people in their homes, helping in old people’s homes, cleaning parks/forests in/around your
home town
taking part in the work of intemational organisations: healthcare, elementary education in
poor countries, helping after major natural disasters
get a job
try different jobs
gain work experience
savé money fór studies
go backpacking abroad
leam about the world
break from education
allow themselves time to make important decisions
leam a foreign language
job advertisements
attractive job
write CV (Curriculum Vitae) and cover letter/letter of motivation
apply fór job
get shortlisted and invited fór an interview
interviewers ask questions about your abilities, experience, expectations
interviewee asks interviewers questions about job, working conditions
language skills essential

students at colleges and universities can spend a term abroad
get acquainted with local environment
no special work permits needed within most countries in the EU
higher demand fór certain professions
white-collar or blue-collar job

indoors or outdoors
involves driving/travelling a lot/being away from home
working hours, vanishing 9-to-5 jobs, work extra time, work 24/7, work shifts, flexitime
distance work (work from home)
home office
paid leave, health insurance, wages/salary
mm
choose marketable profession
choose the right institution
get the right qualifications
flexibility in moving house to other regions with better perspectives
lifelong leaming: continuous improvement, keep up with latest technology/results in given
fíeld, attend courses, leam new professions
fínancial difficulties
lose social contacts
lose self-esteem
family problems
addictions
W \*
ability (n) [ a 'b ila t i] képesség

acquire (v) [ a 'k w a ia (r )] elsajátít
actual (adj) ['a e k t/u a l] tényleges
add up (v) [aed] összeadódik
allow oneself sth (v) [a 'la u ] ad magának vmit
ambitious (n) [a e m 'b ija s ] törekvő
annoy (v) [a'n D i] bosszant
application (n) [ .a e p li'k e ijn ] jelentkezés

apply fór sth (v) [a 'p la i] folyamodik vmiért, jelentkezik
vmire
aspect(n) [’aes p e k t] szempont
at random (adv) [Y a e n d a m ] véletlenszerűen, találomra
attractive (adj) [a 'tra e k tív ] vonzó
backpacking (n) [’b askp aekit]] hátizsákos utazás
base sth on sth (v) [b e is ] alapoz vmit vmire
belonging to sth [ b i'lo r jit]] vhová tartozás
benefit(n) [’b e n i f it ] előny
blue-collar job (n) ['b lu :k D la (r) d jü b ] fizikai munka
break from sth (v) [b r e ik ] kikapcsolódás vmiből
broaden (v) [■ b n id n ] kiszélesít
business plán (n) ['b iz n a s plaen] üzleti terv
candidate (n) [’k s e n d i d a t ] jelölt, jelentkező
career (n) [ k a 'r i s ( r ) ] pálya, hivatás
charity (adj, n) ['t/ a e ra ti] jótékony célú; jótékony szervezet
check-out cashier (n) [ 't j e k a u t k a e 'J i3 ( r ) ] áruházi pénztáros
choice (n) [ t j b is ] választék
college (n) [ 'k D l i d 3 ] főiskola
come off (v) [kA m ] bejön, sikerül
contract (n) [ 'k o n t r a e k t ] szerződés
cope with sth (v) [ka u p ] megbirkózik vmivel
course (n) [ k D IS ] szak
cover letter (n) [ 'k A v a ( r ) 'le t a ( r ) ] kísérőlevél, motivációs levél
CV (curriculum vitae) (n) [ ,s i: ’v i i ] önéletrajz
debt(n) [de t] adósság
degree (n) [ d i 'g r i : ] diploma
delivery (n) [ d i 'l í v s r i ] kézbesítés, házhoz szállítás
demand (n) [ d i 'm a i n d ] kereslet, igény
demanding (adj) [ d i 'm a i n d i t ] ] megterhelő
depend on sth (v) [ d i 'p e n d ] függ vmitől
developed (adj) [ d i 'v e l s p t ] fejlett
difficulty (n) [d ifik a lti] probléma, nehézség
dimension (n) [ d a i 'm e n j n ] dimenzió
disabled (adj) [ d i s 'e i b l d ] mozgáskorlátozott
disaster (n) [ d i 'z a : s t 9 ( r ) ] katasztrófa, csapás
distance work (n) [ 'd i s t a n s W 3 : k ] távmunka
eflect (n) [ i 'f e k t ] hatás
effort (n) [’e f a t ] erőfeszítés
employ (v) [ i m 'p b i ] alkalmaz
employee (n) [ i m 'p b i i : ] alkalmazott
employer (n) [ i m 'p b i a ( r ) ] munkaadó
employment agency (n) [ i m 'p b i m a n t 'e i d g a n s i ] munkaközvetítő
entire (adj) [ i n 't a i a ( r ) ] teljes, egész
entry (n) [’e n t r i] bejegyzés
environment (n) [in V a ir a n m a n t ] környezet
essential (adj) [ i 's e n j l ] alapvető
ever-changing (adj) [ , e v s lt j e i n d 3i n ] állandóan változó
excel (v) [ik'sel] kiemelkedik, jeleskedik
expect (v) [ik'spekt] számít, elvár
expense (n) [ik'spens] kiadás, költség
experience (n) [ik'spiarians] tapasztalat
expertise (n) [,eksp3i'ti:z] szakértelem
exposed to sth (adj) [ik'spauzd] vminek kitett
extra time (n) [‘ekstra taim] túlóra
fail (v) [feil] kudarcot vall
fináncé (v) ['fainaans] fizet, finanszíroz
fixed term (adj) [fikst t3:m] határozott időre szóló
flexitime (adv) ffleksitaim ] rugalmas munkaidőben
foreign-owned (adj) ['foran aund] külföldi tulajdonú
freelance (adj) [’friilam s] szabadúszó
full-time (adj) [’fulta im] teljes munkaidős
fund (n) [fAnd] pénzalap
fund raising event (n) [fAnd Veizii] i'vent] adománygyűjtő akció
gain (v) fgein] nyer, szerez
gap year (n) [gasp jia(r] évhalasztás egyetem előtt
get on (v) [get] elboldogul
go about sth (v) [gau] hozzáfog vmihez, eljár vmilyen
ügyben
govemment loan (n) ['gAvanmant laun] állami kölcsön
guidance counsellor (n) ['gaidns 'kaunsala(r)] pályaválasztási tanácsadó
health insurance (n) [hel0 in'Juarans] egészségbiztosítás
healthcare (n) ['heiekea(r)] egészségügy
impressive (adj) [im'presiv] hatásos
incredible (adj) [in'kredabl] hihetetlen
independent (adj) [.indi'pendant] független
industrial (adj) [in'dAstrial] ipari
craftsman (n) ['kraiftsm an] szakmunkás
interview (n) ['intavju:] interjú
interviewee (n) [,intavju:'i:] interjúalany, jelentkező
IT speciálist (n) [,ai 'ti: ’spejalist] számítástechnikus
job markét (n) [d3Db ‘m a:kit] munkaerőpiac
justify (v) ['d3AStifai] igazol, alátámaszt
letter of motivation (n) ['leta(r) av ,mauti'veijn] motivációs levél
living costs (n) [’livir] kosts] megélhetési költségek
living standard (n) [‘livírj 'staendad] életszínvonal
local (adj) ['laukl] helyi
location (n) [lau'keijn] hely, helyszín
major (adj) ['m eid3a(r)] nagy, komoly
make ends meet (v) [meik endz miit] kijön a pénzéből
make up one's mind (v) [meik Ap] elhatározza magát, dönt
manufacturing (n) [,m ae nj u 1fae ktJa ri r]] gyártás, gyári munka
matter (v) ['maeta(r)] számít, lényeges
mean (v) [mi:n] jelent vmit, jár vmivel
menial (adj) ['mii nial] alantas
method (n) ['meBad] módszer
nursing (n) ['ri3:sit]] betegápolás
obtain (v) [ab'tein] megszerez
opportunity (n) [.opa'tjuinati] lehetőség
opt (v) [opt] választ
outlook (n) ['autluk] kilátás
paid Ieave (n) [peid 1iív] fizetett szabadság
part-time (adj) [pa:t taxm] részmunkaidős
pay (n) [pei] fizetség
peer(n) [pia(r)] társ
permanent (adj) ['p3:manant] állandó
permit (n) ['p3:mit] engedély
physically (adv) [’fizikli] fizikailag, testileg
power (n) ['paua(r)] energia
premises (n) ['prem isiz] telephely, iroda
prestige (n) [pre'stii3] elismertség, rang
prestigious (adj) [pre'stid3as] elismert, rangos
prospective (adj) [pra'spektív] leendő
purpose (n) [' p3i pás] cél
pút off [pút of] elhalaszt, halogat
qualified (adj) ['kwolifaid] képesített, képzett
raise money (v) [reiz] pénzt/adományt gyűjt
reap (v) [riip] learat
m
reduce (v) [rx 'd ju is ] csökkent
responsibility (n) [ri.sp o n sa 'b ila ti] felelősség, kötelesség
salary (n) ['sselari] fizetés
scholarship (n) ['s k o ls jip ] ösztöndíj
set up (v) [set] elindít, létrehoz
shelf fillér (n) U e lf 'fila (r)] polcfeltöltő
shift pattem (n) [ f i f t 'paetn] műszakbeosztás
short term (adj) LfDit t3 :m ] rövid időre szóló
shortlist (v) [’/D ItllS t] kiválaszt
sign (v) [sain] aláír
skilled (adj) [s k ild ] kiképzett
social worker (n) ['S0U/I 'W 3:k9(r)] szociális munkás
stationery (n) ['s te ija n ri] irodaszer
stay (n) [s te i] tartózkodás, ottlét
straight away (adv) [s tr e it a 'w e i] rögtön, egyből
successful (adj) [s s k 's e s fl] sikeres
take a job (v) [te ik , d 3 Db] munkát vállal
take on (v) [te ik ] vállal
target language (n) [ 't a ig it 'Iaengwxd 3 ] célnyelv
temporary (adj) ['te m p re ri] ideiglenes
the chosen few (n) [öa 'tjs u z n fju :] a kiválasztott kevesek
tough (adj) [tAf] kemény, nehéz
training (n) [’tre in iQ ] képzés
unemployment (n) [.Anim'pbimsnt] munkanélküliség
unprestigious (adj) [A n p re 'stid g a s] csekély elismertségű
vanish (v) [VaaniJ] eltűnik
volunteer (n, adj) [,V D l3n'ti3(r)] önkéntes
wages (n) [w e id 3 iz ] kereset
white-collar job (n) [w a it 'k o la (r) d 3 Db] szellemi munka, irodai munka
work(ing) conditions (n) ['w 3 :k ii] k a n 'd ijn z ] munkakörülmények
workforce (n) ['w 3 ik fb :s ] munkaerő
working hours (n) ['W 3lklQ 'auaz] munkaidő
workshop (n) ['w 3 :k/D p ] műhely
24/7 (adv) (24 hours a day, napi 24 órában, heti 7 napon át
seven days a week)
mm
When Nobel Prize winner Enrico Fermi was asked ifh e believed in extraterrestrials, he replied:
"They are am ong us, bút they call themselves Hungáriám . "
Foreigners’opinions about Hungary and Hungarians

A) I come from Russia. You know how big my country is. And Russians know that too, and
are very proud of that. So proud they are that any country the size of one of our local
districts (which most of Eastem Europe countries are) seems insignificant, trivial and
unworthy of notice. Unfortunately, we all hold this prejudice inside, even the educated
ones. And that’s why the biggest surprise fór me im Hungary was the culture itself. In
all that I saw, in music, dance and architecture, I see and feel the enormous power of an
extremely Creative, gifted and strong nation. There are no more stereotypes in me.
B) I expected to fmd eating diffícult, and I did. The vegetarian restaurants listed in my guide
book didn't seem to exist and there's pretty much nothing traditional that comes without
meat. I had pea főzelék with a fried egg once and it was, um, interesting?! I expected nőt
to understand any Hungárián whatsoever, which I didn't, bút I expected to find people who
spoke a little English (or French? I don't know if I expected that, it's just the only other
language I have somé knowledge of) and I didn't. The first day I felt like a mute, I was
travelling alone and barely spoke a word to anyone. People were nőt especially friendly
(bút then, it's never a good idea to judge a people by the residents o f its Capital). In terms
of things to see and do Budapest is amazing and I'd lőve to go back.
C) I'm an Englishman who travelled through Hungary by bicycle in August 2008. I wasn't
really sure what to expect going intő Hungary, and Crossing the bordér írom Slovenia gave
me a bit of a surprise as the villages looked poorer and the landscape suddenly became a
bit more barren. I was very disappointed by Balaton - even the north side of the laké, which
was supposedly the more peaceful according to the guide, was completely covered with
horrible beaches and loud, charmless campsites fiiled with old, half-naked Germans.
D) Budapest is a stunning city and I enjoyed my few days there very much. Plenty of restaurants
and bars, though you have to look quite hard to find a beer that's nőt extortionately priced
anywhere near the centre! I liked the food, though if you're nőt intő stodgy stews and pork,
you might struggle.
;EJ
tele P art 1 - P resen tatio n
(The p ro m p ts in brackets m a y h elp you .) Y o u r p re s e n ta tio n should ta k e a b o u t 90 seconds and
lik e to a s k .
The nicest piacé you’ve ever been to in Hungary, (location, sights, atmosphere, things to do)
OR
Three places (apart from Budapest) or events which are characteristic of Hungary that you would
show to a foreigner (deseription, why they are characteristic o f the country).

h e r/h im y o u r o p in io n : g ive reasons an d exam p le s to s u p p o rt y o u r ideas. T alk a b o u t y o u r o w n
experie n c e w ith th e p ro b le m s m e n tio n e d a n d possible solutions.
You and y o u r p a rtn e r h ave in v ite d a fo re ig n frie n d fó r a tra d itio n a l H u n g á riá n m e a l. Consider and
discuss th e details o f a th ree-co u rse m eal (h o m e o r res ta u ra n t, w h a t dishes, h o w to exp lain to th e
guest w h a t th e dishes really are). Teli yo u r p a rtn e r yo u r ideas a n d try to com e to an a g re e m e n t.

In this p a rt s tu d en ts are asked to in tro d u c e the m s e lv e s a n d exch a n g e personal in fo rm a tio n .

D iscu ü iiy j) / D a b u ra
Do you a g re e o r d isag ree w ith th e fo llo w in g o pinion? Use reasons and e x am p les to s u p p o rt yo u r
o p in io n . C o nd uct a d e b a te w ith y o u r p a rtn e r a b o u t th e s ta te m e n t b elo w .
"A genuine holiday is a holiday abroad, which takes you to distant and exotic piaces to have fun and find out
what the worid is really like."
———_ — ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- .
I absolutely agree. It's only through travelling abroad and seeing things
fór yourself that you really get to know and understand the world. Alsó, the
further away you go, the more relaxing your holiday is.
Well, this might be true. However, the same goes fór our own country.
You should see it to understand what you can hear about in the news. As fór
relaxing, I don’t think it’s got anything to do with distance.
Task 1
T h in k o f fu rth e r a rg u m e n ts fó r and again st th e s ta te m e n t and w rite th e m in th e ta b le .
Fór Against
<=> t
<=> *
<=> *
Task 2
C o m p lete th e ta b le w ith these a rg u m e n ts . T h e y are NŐT in th e correct o rd er.
1 Abroad, you’ll fmd museums of intemational acélaim, nőt just minor county museums with a
few items from grandma’s kitchen.
2 Our country boasts one of the world's most beautiful capitals with hundreds of sights: the
"Pearl of the Danube". It’s worth exploring.
3 Perhaps the landscape isn’t as dramatic as in somé other piaces in the world, bút if you keep
your eyes open, you’ll fmd lots of beauty, rich flóra and fauna in the national parks.
4 The choice and variety of cultural events and concerts by famous performers, bands and
orchestras abroad is unmatched.
IEZ)
5 These days designer companies run chains of shops and almost all of them are present in
Hungary, too, with exactly the same selection of goods as abroad. Moreover, the prices might
even be lower.
6 We don’t have any oceans or seas - no holiday can be good enough without spending at least
a few days on the seaside.
7 You don’t need to travel far to find 2000 year old Román ruins and 400 year old Turkish
monuments side by side.
* When you travel abroad, you can see

remains of a rich cultural and historical
heritage dating back hundreds or even
thousands of years.
* Well, we do have Central Europe's largest

fresh water laké, rivers, aqua parks and
there are hundreds o f therapeutic mineral
springs that gush up from the depths with
trendy spas and wellness centres built on
them.
0 You surely wouldn’t find snow-capped

mountains, huge waterfalls or rainforests
here.
* Small county museums may be of less

interest everywhere, bút our Museum of
<=> Fine Árts, and quite a few others, have
as valuable collections as any of those
abroad.
* Shopping in the famous department stores

and designer shops abroad is much more <=>
exciting and the products are better, too.
• _____________________________ The best ones regularly visit Hungary

on their tours, nőt to speak about world
<=> famous classical musicians o f our own,
whose performances are nőt to be sniffed
at.
* Paris, London or Brussels are reál cities

with lots to see and do fór a tourist. We
don’t have an Eiffel Tower or a Trafalgar <
Square.
mm
T-jJIjjjiij úb'j'Ji -j iuyic úiioaiJ ujj piriuraa

T h e location o f th e co u n try, its d im a te and seasons
W h a t fo reig n e rs like an d th in k a b o u t H u n g a ry a n d its p eo p le
* W h a t m o st H u ng arians are p ro u d o f
* H u n g á riá n cuisine a n d fo o d
§ m
Task 1
Task 2
Location: Central Europe, Carpathian Basin, main rivers, landscape

Continental climate; seasons and characteristics
Favourite destination and their attractions: the Capital, the Puszta, Laké Balaton
Other regions of interest - wine growing, spas
Famous Hungarians in the field of Science, technology, sport, art, etc.
Traditional and modem cuisine
Task 3
1 How would you describe cooking, food and eating habits in Hungary?
2 What are most foreign tourists shown in the Capital and elsewhere? What image do they have
of the country and the people?
3 What are most Hungarians proud of?
4 What is the climate and what are the different seasons like? How has it all changed in the last
few decades?
5 What political system does the country have?
6 Where is Hungary located? What are its main geographical features?
♦ the Carpathian Basin, Central Europe, bordered by Austria, Slovakia, Ukraine, Romania,
Serbia, Croatia, and Slovenia; mainly plains, médium mountains in Transdanubia and the
north; main river: Danube
* republic
* head o f state - President of the Republic (ceremóniái role)
legislation - parliament
* parliamentary elections every four years
* leading political role: Prímé Minister - elected by Members o f Parliament
♦ Continental, hot, dry summers with frequent rainshowers and mildly cold, snow y winters
* spring: the wettest, the windiest, with abrupt and unpleasant changes o f temperature from day
to day, lots of sunshine, heavy thunderstorms
mm
\
<* summer: warm or even hot, loads of sunshine, thunderstorms, downpours, frequent hail may
cause lots of damage
autumn: transition from hot to cold weather, lots of rain
♦ winter: mildly cold, snowy in certain years, rain, freezing rain, sleet, ofiten foggy
* due to global changes: less predictable seasons, extreme conditions more common, drought or
wetness may persist longer
* Budapest: thermal spas, Castle Hill, Gellért Hill, St Stephen's Basilica, the Opera House, the
Terror Museum, the Synagogue
the Puszta: Hortobágy - vast area of plains and wetlands, herdsmen in traditional costume,
stew cooked in cauldron
♦ Hollókő: old viliágé, deliberately preserved traditional settlement
* Laké Balaton: the biggest laké in Central Europe, shallow waters, relatively warm, even in
Spring
♦ image often false - based on special programmes fór tourists with gypsy music, folk dancing
and costumes
spicy, often hot, relatively fatty

♦ staples of Hungárián cooking: onions, cabbage, potatoes, noodles, sour cream, black and red
pepper powder, caraway seeds, meat: mostly pork, often dipped in breadcrumbs and fried
♦ meals three times a day, main meal: two or three-course lunch
♦ common obesity
• often events and achievements of the pást

sport: pást glory of soccer, Olympic medals - bad reputation as well because o f illegal drugs,
swimming, water-polo, kayak-canoe
Science and inventions: transformer, telephone exchange, Ford Model T and assembly line,
Vitamin C and the first artificial vitamin, mathematical background of supersonic flight, nuclear
chain reaction and the feasibility of an atomic bomb, ballpoint pen (Biro), thermonuclear
tusion and the theory of the hydrogen bomb, Rubik's cube
♦ language: almost unique in Europe, difficult fór foreigners to leam
abrupt (adj) [a 'b rA p t] hirtelen

acélaim (n) [ a 'k le im ] elismertség
according to sth (prep) [a 'k D x d ír j] vmi szerint
achievement (n) [ a 't j i i v m a n t ] siker, vívmány
1E9
aqua park (n) ['aekwapaik] élményfíirdő
architecture (n) ['a: kitektja(r)] építészet
artificial (adj) [.a iti'fi/l] mesterséges
as fór sth (prep) [az h :] ami vmit illet
assembly line (n) [a'sembli Iáin] gyártósor
attraction (n) [a'traekj’n] látványosság
ballpoint pen, Biro (n) [‘bDilpDint pen, 'bairau] golyóstoll
barely (adv) [’bealí] alig
barren (adj) ['baeran] kopár
boast sth (v) [baust] dicsekszik vmivel
breadcrumbs (n) ['bredkrAm z] zsemlemorzsa
capital (city) (n) ['k a e p itl] főváros
caraway (n) [’kasrawei] kömény
Carpathian Basin (n) [ka:'pei0ian ’beisn] Kárpát-medence
cauldron (n) [’kDildran] bogrács, üst
ceremóniái (adj) [,seri'maunial] protokolláris
chain of shops (n) [tje in av Jops] üzletlánc
chain reaction (n) [tje in ri'aek/n] láncreakció
characteristic of sth (adj) [.kserakta'ristik] jellemző vmire
charmless (adj) ['tjaim las] csúnya, ronda
choice (n) [t/DIS] választék
climate (n) [‘klaimat] éghajlat
collection (n) [ka'lekjn] gyűjtemény
conditions (n) [kan'dijnz] viszonyok
cooking (n) ['kukig] konyha, konyhaművészet
county (adj) [’kaunti] megyei
course (n) [kDis] fogás
cover (v) [ ' kAva ( r ) ] elborít
Creative (adj) [kri'eitív] alkotó, kreatív
cuisine (n) [kw i'zhn] konyhaművészet
damage (n) ['daemid3] kár
Danube (n) [.daenjuib] Duna
date back (v) [deit baek] származik
decade (n) ['dekeid] évtized
deliberately (adv) [d i'lib a ra tli] szándékosan
depth (n) [dep0] mélység
designer (n) [di'zaina(r)] divattervező
destination (n) [.desti'neijn] úti cél
dip (v) [dip] belemárt, belehemperget
disappointed (adj) [,diss'pDintid] csalódott
distant (adj) ['distant] távoli
downpour (n) ['daunpo:(r)] felhőszakadás
dramatic (adj) [dra'maetik] drámai
drought (n) [draut] aszály, szárazság
due to sth [djui] vmi miatt, vmi következtében
elect (v) [i'lekt] megválaszt
elections (n) [i'le kjn z] választások
exist (v) [ig 'z is t] létezik
expect (v) [ik'spekt] számít vmire
explore (v) [ik'sp b i(r)] felfedez, felderít
extortionately priced (adj) [ik'stDiJanatli praist] hihetetlenül drága
extraterrestrial (adj) [.ekstrata'restrial] földönkívüli
fatty (adj) ['faeti] zsíros
fauna (n) [’fDina] állatvilág
feature (n) ['fi:tja(r)] jellegzetesség, jellemző
fmd out (v) [faind] megtud
flóra (n) ['fb :ra ] növényvilág
freezing rain (n) ['friiz ír] rein] ónos eső
fresh water (adj) [fre j 'wD:ta(r)] édesvizű
fry(v) [frai] süt (zsiradékban)
genuine (adj) ['d3enjuin] igazi
gitted (adj) [’g iftid ] tehetséges
global (adj) ['glaubl] globális
glory (n) ['g b iri] dicsőség
go fór sth (v) [gau] vonatkozik vmire
gush up (v) [gAjl feltör
hail (n) [heil] jégeső
head of State (n) [hed av steit] államfő
herdsman (n) ['hB:dzman] gulyás, csikós
heritage (n) [’h e ritid 3] örökség
IE9
hot (adj) [hot] csípős; forró
illegal drug [ i ' li ig l dr Ag] doppingszer
image (n) [ ' i m i d 3] kép, imázs
in terms of sth [t3i m z ] vmit illetően
insignifícant (adj) [,insig'nifikant] jelentéktelen
invention (n) [in'venjn] találmány
item (n) ['aitam] tárgy, darab
judge (v) [d3Ad3] megítél
landscape (n) ['laendskeip] táj
legislation (n) [,led3 is'leij'n] törvénykezés
list (v) [list] felsorol
location (n) [lau'keijn] elhelyezkedés
médium mountains (n) ['m iidiam 'm a u n ta n z ] középhegység
Member of Parliament (n) [ ' m e m b s ( r ) a v ’p c n l a m a n t ] országgyűlési képviselő
mineral (adj) ['m inaral] ásványi
minor (adj) ['maina(r)] kisebb, jelentéktelen
monument (n) ['m onjum ant] műemlék
moreover (adv) [m D:r'auva(r)] ráadásul
Museum o f Fine Árts [m ju'ziiam a v f a in a:ts] Szépművészeti Múzeum
mute (adj) [mju:t] néma
naked (adj) [’n e i k i d ] meztelen
Nobel Prize winner [ n a u .b e l 'p r a i z 'wina(r)] Nobel-díjas
noodles (n) [’n u i d l z ] metélt
nőt to be sniffed at [smft] nem szabad lebecsülni
nőt to speak about [spiik] nem is beszélve vmiről
notice (n) ['nautis] említés
obesity (n) fau'bi:sati] elhízás
peacetul (adj) ['piisfl] békés, nyugodt
pearl (n) [ps:l] gyöngy
performance (n) [pa'fDimans] fellépés
persist (v) [pa'sist] folytatódik
piain (n) [plein] síkság, alföld
pork (n) t pDi k] sertéshús
predictable (adj) [pri'diktabl] kiszámítható, megjósolható
prejudice (n) ['pred3 udis] előítélet
preserve (v) [pri'z3:v] megőriz
Prime Minister (n) [praim 'minista(r)] miniszterelnök
product (n) [’prodAkt] termék, áru
rainforest (n) ['reinforist] esőerdő
rainshower (n) ['reinjaua(r)] záporeső
remains (n) [ri'meinz] maradvány
reputation (n) [.repju'teijn] hírnév
resident (n) ['rezidant] lakó, lakos
rain, rains (n) ['ru :in(z)] rom
ran (v) [rAn] működtet
selection (n) [si'lekjn] választék
settlement (n) ['setlmant] település
shallow (adj) [’Jaelau] sekély
side by side [said bai said] egymás mellett
sight (n) [sait] látnivaló
sleet (n) [sliit] havas eső
snow-capped (adj) [’snaukaept] hósapkás, hóval borított
sour cream (n) ['saua(r) kri:m] tejföl
spicy (adj) ['spaisi] fűszeres
spring (n) [sprírj] forrás
staples (n) [’steiplz] a legfontosabb alapanyagok
stereotype (n) [’steriataip] közhely, sztereotípia
stew (n) [stjui] pörkölt, gulyás
stodgy (adj) ['stDd3i] nehéz, laktató
straggle (v) [’strAgl] küzd, küszködik
stunning (adj) ['stAnii]] pompás
supposedly (adv) [sa'pauzidli] állítólag
telephone exchange (n) 'telifaun [iks'tjeind3] telefonközpont
theory (n) [Biari] elmélet
therapeutic (adj) [,9era'pju:tik] gyógyhatású
thermal (adj) ['03: m 1] termálvizes
thunderstorm (n) ['0AndastD:m] zivatar
tour (n) [tsin] turné
traditional costume (n) [tra'dijan 'kostjuim] népviselet
Transdanubia (n) [traensdaen'juiba] Dunántúl
transformer (n) [traens'fD:m 9(r)] transzformátor
transition (n) [tra e n 'zi/n ] átmenet
trendy (adj) [’tre n d i] divatos, elegáns
unique (adj) [ju 'n iik ] egyedi, egyedülálló
unmatched (adj) [.An'm aetjt] páratlan
unworthy of (adj) [An'wB:5i] érdemtelen vmire
valuable (adj) [’vaeljuabl] értékes
variety (n) [va 'ra ia ti] változatosság
vast (adj) [va:st] hatalmas
waterfall (n) ['WDItafDlI] vízesés
wetland (n) [’w etla n d ] láp, vizenyős terület
wetness (n) [w etnas] esős időszak
worth (adj) doing sth [w 3:0] érdemes vmit csinálni
T A £ J a j * 'y k ^ y D J '/
"Everybody wants to lendyou money - until the time comes when you need to borrow somé."
"Mailyour packages early so the post office can lose them in time fór Christmas."Johnny Carson
Service or nuisance?
Dentists1offices have long been known fór their fear factor. Bút modem dentistry utilizes new
tools and techniques to make dental treatments free of both pain and fear.
The first part of fear-free dentistry is to keep the patient relaxed and calm. Psychologists
who studied dental patients found that much of their anxiousness and pain came from where
they were positioned and the fact that they couldn’t really see what was happening to them.
The solution was to install television sets in locations that the patients could see. This allows
patients to watch their favorité TV shows or natúré documentaries during dental procedures.
Peaceful scenes and cheerful comedies helped to keep a patient relaxed. This method has
been extended to goggles and headphones that display pleasant images and play comforting
music.
It is right to complain about services that do nőt meet expectations?
You go out to eat and your waiter nőt only gets the order wrong, she is rude when you ask her
to correct it. She leaves you and does nőt come back to check on you; instead you have to flag
her down. You buy your child a new set of clothes only to have the threads come out the first
time you wash them. You take them back to the store and they refuse to refund or exchange
them. You pay someone to cut your grass and clean your house; they do half the job half way
and run off. What do you do?
We've all been in such situations before, having to correct somé service that we have ordered a
certain way that came out all wrong, bút many of us stay quiet to avoid any confrontation. It's
inevitable that the person, whether they be a waiter, a cook or customer service representative
will feel as if you are personally accusing them fór the poor quality of service, especially
when the service is one of interaction rather than an actual product of somé kind. Bút the
question remains: when is it okay to express your concems?
í EJ
You are e x p e c ted to g iv e a sho rt p re s e n ta tio n to yo u r p artn e r(s ) on o n e o f th e fo llo w in g topics.
like to ask.
How often and how do you or your family use the following services: post-office, bank,
insurance?
OR
The last time you had something repaired. (details: item, problem, where you took it/who you
called, time, cost, etc.).

h e r/h im y o u r o p in io n : g iv e reasons a n d exam p le s to s u p p o rt y o u r ideas. T alk a b o u t y o u r o w n
experie n c e w ith th e p ro b lem s m e n tio n e d a n d possible solutions.
You and y o u r p a rtn e r h ave d ecid ed to re d e c o rate th e sm all fia t you share. Consider a n d discuss
th e details: th e w alls - p a p e r o r p a in t, colour, p a tte rn ; th e floo r; call a professional o r do it
yourselves. Teli y o u r p a rtn e r yo u r ideas a n d try to com e to an a g re e m e n t.

In this p a rt stu d en ts are asked to in tro d u c e th em selves and exch a n g e personal in fo rm a tio n .

e a i
ü ja á ilsy jy jj / ü a itiir a
Do you a g re e o r d isag ree w ith th e fo llo w in g opinion? Use reasons a n d exam p les to s u p p o rt your
"Letting craftsmen intő your home is a bad mistake. You'd better do those jobs yourself."
I absolutely agree. They charge you excessive prices and often overcharge
you and rip you off. Making complaints afterwards is time-consuming and
you may never get a refund.
Well, this might be true. However, if you want to do a good job, you'll
need quality tools and materials, which are rather expensive, so it won’t
come any cheaper.
Task 1
T h in k o f fu rth e r a rg u m e n ts fó r and aga in s t th e s ta te m e n t a n d w rite th e m in th e ta b le .
Task 2
1 Craftsmen and repairmen never keep the appointment, although you may have taken a whole
day off work and wait in vain.
2 Every job involves somé mess no matter who does it.
3 If you don't have the necessary expertise, you won't know what materials to buy or simply
spend money on the wrong things.
4 Once you've paid, they will never come back to fínish those little things left or do something
again.
5 They will do what they like, the way they think is best, nőt what you want and then explain
that your idea was impossible to carry out.
6 With the little experience ordinary people have, every job takes a lót longer than fór
professionals.
7 You can run intő unexpected diffículty, make things even worse, and then pay double the price
a crafitsman would have asked fór.
Unless you are in the trade yourself, you

run the risk of inferior materials used fór
the job.
Whatever job you decide to do, it'll take

<=> somé of your precious time away from
work or your family.
They don't care much about the fmal result

<=> ----------------------------------------------------
because it isn't their home.
With DIY there's no guarantee or warranty

<=> at all, and you can't make a complaint if
you aren't happy with the outcome.
Very often, they pút things together hasti-

<=> ----------------------------------------------------
ly and with shabby craftsmanship.
You make changes, too, as you realise

<=> the problems that crop up while doing the
job.
You will have to spend at least as much

--------------------------------------------------
time cleaning after them as the job took.
89
Services we use regularly
Banking services, online banking
Insurance - business fór insurance companies or useful services
Task 1
Task 2

Services we use regularly: post-office, bank, currency exchange, insurance, repairs: plumbing,
cár, camera, shoes; dentist, home decoration, taxi
The changing role of the post office
IQ 9
Banking: accounts - current and savings account, cards - bank cards and credit cards,
transactions - withdraw, deposit, transfer; loans - interest and costs
Online banking: convenience and risks
Insurance: life, travel, compulsory vehicle insurance
Task 3
1 How has the role of the post office changed in the last few decades? Why?
2 Is it a good idea to take out a travel insurance policy before you go on holiday? Why/Why
nőt?
3 What are the benefíts and risks of online banking services?
4 What other types of insurance do most families have?
5 Which are the basic banking services? How do people use their bank accounts and the different
cards attached to them?
6 Which are the most common types of services we use?
7 Which household appliances may need repairing?
post office
* bank
currency exchange
repairs: household appliances, plumbing, cár, camera, shoe
* insurance
♦ hairdresser
dentist
home decoration
# taxi
television, hi-fi set, washing machine, dishwasher, stove, fridge, freezer, air-conditioner, water
heater/boiler, vacuum cleaner
decades ago: personal and official correspondence, telegrams, parcels, money sent and
delivered, newspapers delivered
now: mostly official letters, bilis paid, parcels
reason: easier and faster communication via the Internet and telephone
loans to clients to buy valuable possessions: home, cár; pay back in monthly instalments
important factor: interest rate
bank accounts: current account, savings account
current account: handle regular income and expenditure, withdraw or deposit cash, ATM
(automated teller machine), transfer money, bank card to use your own money on the account
BÜK
credit card to use bank’s money as loan
savings account: fór long-term savings
convenient: no need to go to bank, arrange transactions from home, any time

risks: personal information or banking details could be stolen
usually proves to be unnecessary bút can be of great help

holiday risks: huge unexpected expenses - falling ill, visit to the doctor, travel or sport
accidents, stay in hospital, luggage or valuables lost or stolen
insurance covers most of costs and loss
home insurance - burglary, broken windows, damage caused by burst water pipe, natural
disasters: flood, earthquake, storm, hail
compulsory cár insurance - covers expenses of damage caused to others by driver
account(n) [a'kaunt] számla

accuse sb (v) [a'kju :z] vádol
anxiousness (n) [’aeqkfasnas] nyugtalanság, aggodalom
appointment (n) [a'pDintmant] megbeszélt időpont
arguing (n) ['a:gju:ir)] érvelés
ATM (n) [,ei ti: 'em] bankjegykiadó automata
attached to sth (adj) [a'taetjt] vmihez kapcsolt, vmihez tartozó
bank card (n) [baer]k ka:d] bankkártya
benefit (n) [’bem fit] előny
borrow (v) ['borául kölcsönvesz
break down (v) [breik] elromlik
burglary (n) ['b3:glsri] betörés
carry out (v) ['kaeri] kivitelez, megcsinál
client (n) [’klaiant] ügyfél
comforting (adj) ['kAtnfatit]] nyugtató
complaint (n) [kam'pleint] panasz
compulsory (adj) [kam'pAlsari] kötelező
concem (n) [kan's3:n] elégedetlenség, aggodalom
consumer (n) [kan'sju:ma(r)] fogyasztó, vásárló
1 E 9
convenience (n) [kan'viinians] kényelem
correspondence (n) [.kora'spDndans] levelezés
cover (v) ['kAva(r)] fedez, fedezetet nyújt
craftsman (n) ['kraiftsman] mesterember, iparos
crafitsmanship (n) ['kraiftsm anjip] munkaminőség, kivitelezés
credit card (n) ['kredit kaid] hitelkártya
crop up (v) [krap] felbukkan
currency (n) [’kAransi] valuta
current account (n) [a'kaunt] folyószámla
customer service (n) ['S3IVIS] vevőszolgálat
damage (n) ['daemid3] kár
deliver (v) [di'liva(r)] kézbesít, házhoz szállít
dentistry (n) [’dentistri] fogászat
deposit (v) [di'pozit] betesz (pénzt)
detail (n) [diiteil] adat
discount (n) ['diskaunt] árengedmény
display (v) [ d i's p le i] mutat
DIY (Do it yourself) [,di: ai 'wai] barkácsolás
earthquake (n) ['B:0 kweik] földrengés
elsewhere (adv) [.els'weaír)] máshová, másutt
excessive (adj) [ik'sesiv] túlzó, túl magas
expectation (n) [.ekspek'teijn] elvárás
expenditure (n) [ik'spenditja(r)] kiadás
expense (n) [ik'spens] kiadás
experience (n) [ik'spiarians] tapasztalat
expertise (n) [,eksp3i'ti:z] szakértelem
extend (v) [ik'stend] kiterjeszt
factor (n) ['faekta(r)] tényező
fali ill (v) [fo:l il] megbetegszik
faulty (adj) ['f>:lti] hibás
fear (n) [fia (r )] félelem
fee (n) [fi:] díj
flag sb down (v) [flaeg] odaint
flood (n) [fiAd] árvíz
dl
get sth wrong (v) [get rDQ] elront, eltéveszt
goggles (n) t'goglz] speciális szemüveg
guarantee (n, v) [,gaeran'ti:] biztosíték, garancia; garantál
hail (n) [heil] jégeső
half way (adv) [,ha:fwei] félig
handle (v) ['haendl] kezel
hastily (adv) [’heistili] sietősen
household appliance (n) ['haushauld a'plaians] háztartási készülék
in vain (adv) [vein] hiába
income (n) f'inkAm] bevétel
increase (n) [■írjkriis] emelkedés
inevitable (adj) [in'evitabl] elkerülhetetlen
inferior (adj) [in'fiaria(r)] nem megfelelő, rossz
install (v) [in'stDil] beszerel
instalment (n) [in'stDilmant] részlet
insurance (n) [in'/uarans] biztosítás
insurance policy (n) [in'Juarans] biztosítási kötvény
interest (n) ['intrast] kamat
interest rate (n) ['intrast reit] kamatláb
involve (v) [inVolv] jár vmi vei
lend (v) [lend] kölcsönad
loan (n) [laun] hitel
loss (n) [IDS] veszteség
make a complaint (v) [meik a kam'plein] panaszt tesz
meet expectations (v) [miit .ekspek'teifnz] megfelel az elvárásoknak
method (n) ['meGad] módszer
ordinary (adj) ['Didnri] közönséges, hétköznapi
outcome (n) ['autkAm] eredmény, kimenetel
overcharge (v) [,auva't/aid3] túlszámláz, túl sokat kér
paper (wallpaper) (n) ['peipa(r)] tapéta
parcel (n) I'paisl] postai csomag
part (n) [pait] alkatrész
plumbing (n) ['plAmii]] vízvezeték-szerelés
precious (adj) ['pre/as] drága
procedure (n) [pra'siid3a(r)] kezelés, eljárás
IB S
professional (n) [pra'fe/anl] szakember
quality (adj) ['kwolati] minőségi
realise (v) ['riialaiz] rájön, felismer
reason (n) [’riizn] ok, indok
redecorate [,ri:'dekareit] kifest (lakást)
refund (n) ['riif/vnd] visszafizetés, visszatérítés
refiind (v) [ri'ÍAnd] visszafizet, visszatérít
refuse to do sth(v) [ri'fjuiz] nem hajlandó csinálni vmit
retum (v) [ri't3:n] visszavisz, visszaad
ran intő sth (v) [rAn] találkozik vmivel, belefut vmibe
ran off (v) [rAn] eltűnik, lelép
ran the risk of sth (v) [rAn öa risk] kockáztat vmit
savings account (n) ['seivit]z a'kaunt] megtakarítási számla, betétszámla
set (n) [set] készülék; készlet
shabby (adj) [Taebl] gyenge, rossz
share (v) tfea(r)] megoszt, közösen használ
storm (n) [stDim] vihar
take a day off (v) [teik a dei of] szabadnapot kivesz
technique (n) [tek'niik] technika
telegram (n) [’teligraem] távirat
thread (n) [Gred] cérna
threatening (n) ['Gretnin] fenyegetőzés
time-consuming (adj) [,taimkan'sju:mii]] időrabló
tip (n) [tip] ötlet, tipp
tool (n) [tuil] szerszám
trade (n) [treid] szakma
transaction (n) [tran'zsekjn] művelet, ügylet
transfer (v) [traens'fBi(r)] átutal
unexpected (adj) [.Anik'spektid] váratlan
valuable (adj, n) [’vaeljuabl] értékes, értéktárgy
vehicle (n) [’viiakl] jármű
via (prep) [’vaia] vmin keresztül
warranty (n) ['woranti] szavatosság, garancia
withdraw (v) [w iö'dn:] kivesz (pénzt)
'J & ' / a J a í D i i J i i J J J i J J í i i i l y í J
"Ifw e a ll discovered th a t we had only five minutes le ft to say all th a t we wanted to say, every
telephone booth would be occupied by people calling other people to teli them tha t they loved them."
Christopher Morley
R eál achievem ent or ju st technologv?

When Jessica Watson set out írom Sydney, Australia, last October to sail non-stop around the
world, solo and unassisted, I was extremely sceptical. It wasn't her age —-just 16 — so much
as her inexperience. I thought her parents were idiots.
Mostly, though, it was my perception of solo, Round-The-World sailing: a dangerous, and
lonely challenge, requiring superhuman discipline, an ability to survive on little sleep, and the
capability to fix and invent things on your way around the globe. This tradition makes solo,
RTW sailing a world-class adventure, matching anything you can find in mountaineering or
exploration. Bút now that Jessica is cruising toward Sydney on her Ella's Pink Lady, about
to fínish her voyage successfully and become a marketing superstar, I realize that it's time to
update my perception. I don't want to take too much away from her accomplishment. Any
solo, RTW voyage is a big deal, and I sincerely doubt I would have succeeded as well.
Bút after following her voyage I was struck by how much the natúré of this sort of adventure
has completely changed. It just doesn't feel very "solo" or "unassisted" anymore, and that
takes the superhuman achievement out of it. Think of all the time Jessica spent on the sat
phone, talking to her family and shore team. Problem with the autopilot or generátor? Contact
the manufacturer fór step-by-step repair instructions. Feeling lonely and blue? Call up your
Műm fór a chat and somé bucking up. Need an emotional lift? Read the comments on your
blog.
And then there is weather. Without doubt, the most challenging element of early voyages was
a nearly complete inability to know what weather lay ahead in time to do anything about it.
Jessica has been receiving incredibly precise and detailed weather routing. So good that I was
amazed at how rare truly nasty weather was.
In 1968, sailing around the world solo and non-stop was so hard Robin Knox-Johnston could
barely do it. In 2010, it is so easy a 16-year old can do it. It's just nőt that exciting anymore.
Knox-Johnston's book, "A World O f My Own," is one of the greatest adventure books ever
written. I sincerely doubt I'll read Jessica's.
' Sííu jjj iu iliá

You are e x p e c ted to g ive a sho rt p re s e n ta tio n to y o u r p artn e r(s ) on o n e o f th e fo llo w in g topics.
(The p ro m p ts in brackets m a y h elp you.) Y o ur p re s e n ta tio n should ta k e a b o u t 9 0 seconds and
W h ile yo u r p a rtn e r is g iv in g h is /h e r p re s e n ta tio n , listen and th in k o f th e questio ns you w o u ld
like to ask.
What means of telecommunication do you and members of your family use? What do you use
them fór?
OR
If you could only have one application of a telecommunications device, which application of which
device would you choose? Why?

h e r/h im y o u r o p in io n : g iv e reasons a n d exam p les to s u p p o rt yo u r ideas. T alk a b o u t y o u r o w n
e x p e rie n c e w ith th e p ro b le m s m e n tio n e d an d possible solutions.
You and yo u r p a rtn e r w o u ld like to h elp a 1 6 -y e a r-o ld te e n a g e r in a p o o r fa m ily . He's a lre a d y
g o t a s e con d-han d PC. You are th in k in g o f b uying h im e ith e r a year's use o f a m o b ile p h o n e or
in te rn e t access fó r a ye a r. Consider a n d discuss y o u r choice. Teli y o u r p a rtn e r y o u r ideas an d try
to com e to an a g re e m e n t.

In this p a rt stu d en ts are asked to in tro d u c e th e m s e lv e s and exch a n g e personal in fo rm a tio n .

\
ü b r u á j í u i j / i>3Í>aía
■ ig ^ i
Do you a g re e or d isag ree w ith th e fo llo w in g opinion? Use reasons and exam p le s to s u p p o rt yo u r
"Telecommunication rnins people's personalities and makes them exposed to technology."
I absolutely agree. People don’t talk anymore and are losing the gift of
speech. They text each other, bút avoid using words: acronyms, special
abbreviations and emoticons are used instead.
Well, this might be true. However, if you look around in the streets, you’ll
see every second passer-by talking on their mobiles. Texting is only an
additional possibility to communicate.
Task 1
T h in k o f fu rth e r a rg u m e n ts fó r a n d aga in s t th e s ta te m e n t and w rite th e m in th e ta b le .
Task 2
C o m p le te th e ta b le w ith th e s e a rg u m e n ts . They are NŐT in th e correct o rd er.
1 These things have always been present in our societies. What young people need is guidance
and education to become able to distinguish between right and wrong.
2 Modem telecommunication is unfair because it broadens the gap between the rich and the
poor, those who can afford all the latest devices and services and those who don’t even know
about them.
3 It isn’t the fault of telecommunication that somé people are dishonest. Everything can be
abused.
4 Developments such as the GPS make us lose important skills like being able to read a map.
IBI
I
5 Apart from the occasional holiday posteard, most people don’t write long letters. These days
millions write blogs and improve their spelling with the help of spell-checker functions.
6 We shouldn’t blame telecommunication fór that. Traditional mass média were the same, so the
difference is only in quantity.
7 We are exposed to vulnerable electronic devices: if your mobile breaks down you can’t even
give someone else your own phone number because it’s stored on your SÍM card. That doesn’t
happen to ordinary diaries.
Computers and email have deprived people __________________________________

of the joy and beauty of handwriting. __________________________________
__________________________________ Without it the poor wouldn’t be in a

__________________________________ better situation and even relatively
__________________________________ small improvements in their lives can be
__________________________________ important to them.
With so many different channels of

telecommunication, such as the radio, the
television or the Internet, it’s impossible
<=>
to protect children from obscenity, images
of aggression, and other negative effects
of the “free flow of information”.
As fór more traditional means, you simply

lost them or the pages got tóm and there
<=> was no way to recover them. With modem
devices there’s always a way to get them
back.
Somé possibilities of telecommunication

bring along the temptation to rely entirely
on information or knowledge from other <=>
people or services. Just think of cheating
in exams.
It enables more people to get to their

<=> destinations on their own. Earlier these
people didn’t dare to set off.
On television and radio you often get

lots of misleading, false information, or
even no information at all; most of the
programmes are rubbish that kills brain
cells.
d l
Describe th e p ictures a n d th e n ta lk a b o u t th e to p ic th e y illu s tra te . In d u d e th e fo llo w in g points:
* T ra d itio n a l m ean s o f personal an d mass co m m u n ic a tio n a n d th e ir characteristics
* M o d e rn m eans o f te le c o m m u n ic a tio n a n d th e ir characteristics
* T h e m o st w id e s p re a d m eans an d h o w w e use th e m
mm
Task 1
P repare to ta lk a b o u t th e to p ic a t le n g th , fó r a b o u t 6 -8 m in u te s . M a k e n otes as you a re p re p a rin g .
Task 2
C o m p are y o u r n otes w ith th e fo llo w in g suggestions:

Traditional means of personal and mass communication
letters, postcards, post-office
landline telephones, answerphones
newspapers, a few radio and television channels
Modem means of personal and mass communication
fax, mobile phone, GPS, the Internet
Using mobiles
accounts, payment, services
Connecting to the Internet
applications fór communication: e-mail, instant messengers, blog, web pages and their
services, etc.
Task 3
1 Which are the most common means of telecommunication these days and what are their uses?
2 When you use a mobile, how do you pay fór it?
3 What different services have been made easier by the World Wide Web?
4 How did people use to keep in touch with friends and relatives 20 or 30 years ago?
5 How could people find out about local or world news? How could scientific or historical
information be obtained?
handwritten letters sent and received through the post office, long procedure: write letter, buy
envelope and stamp, post, delivery takes days, has somé degree of privacy
urgent message: telegram through post office
traditional landline telephone system: restricted to piacé of installation and telephone booths,
answerphones to leave and listen to messages
printed newspapers and magazines - news published long afiter the event
periodicals, encyclopaedias, dictionaries - time-consuming and expensive to find relevant
volume, often out of date by the time of publishing
G U I
♦ fax - mostly office use: sending and receiving facsimile images of documents over telephone
landline, secure and widely accepted
h mobile and smart phone - making and receiving phone calls, sending and receiving text
messages, several functions of a computer and the Internet
+ GPS - Global Positioning System, navigation system, reliable location and time information
anywhere, via satellite in space, drivers, hikers, tracking
il the Internet - e-mail, instant messengers fór online text chatting or audio/video chatting,
publishing blogs (web logs), browsing, source of information, online marketplace, games sites
* monthly subscription: as many calls as you want, pay huge bilis afterwards
♦ top-up card: prepáid service, use services up to the amount you have already paid
♦ getting public information

♦ bookings
0 payment
♦ official matters
♦ shopping
♦ distance education
abbreviation (n) [a.bri ívi'eijn] rövidítés

abuse sth (v) [a'bjurz] visszaél vmivel
access(n) ['aekses] hozzáférés
accomplishment (n) [a'kAmplíJmant] teljesítmény
account (n) [a'kaunt] fiók, számla (szolgáltatásnál)
acronym (n) ['askramm] mozaikszó
additional (adj) [a'dijanl] kiegészítő
aggression (n) [a'grejn] erőszak
amount (n) [a'maunt] összeg
answerphone (n) ['ainsafaun] üzenetrögzítő
apart from sth [s'pait] eltekintve vmitől
application (n) [.aepli'keijn] alkalmazás
autopilot (n) ['Ditaupaila] automata kormányberendezés
barely (adv) [’beali] alig
be struck by sth (v) [strAk] elképed vmin
big deal [big diil] nagy dolog
blame (v) [bleim] hibáztat, okol
blue (adj) [blui] lehangolt
bram (n) [brein] agy
break down (v) fbreik] elromlik
bring along (v) [brit]] magával hoz
broaden (v) t'bnidn] kiszélesít
browse (v) [brauz] böngészik
bucking up (n) [bAkit]] felvidítás
capability (n) [.keipa'bilati] képesség
cell (n) [sel] sejt
challenge (n) ['t/aalind3] kihívás
dare (v) [dea(r)] mer, merészel
delivery (n) [di'livari] kézbesítés
deprive sb of sth (v) [di'praiv] megfoszt vkit vmitől
development (n) [di'velapmant] fejlesztés
device (n) [di'vais] eszköz
discipline (n) ['disaplin] fegyelem
dishonest (adj) [dis'om st] becstelen, tisztességtelen
distance education ['distans ,ed3u'keijn] távoktatás
distinguish (v) [di'stingw ij] különbséget tesz
effect (n) [i'fekt] hatás
emoticon (n) [i'mautikDn] emotikon (érzelmet jelölő karakter)
emotional (adj) [i'maujanl] érzelmi
encyclopaedia (n) [in,saikl9'pi:dia] lexikon
entirely (adv) [in'taiali] teljesen
exploration (n) [,ekspla'rei/n] felfedezés, felkutatás
exposed (adj) [ik'spauzd] kiszolgáltatott vminek
facsimile (n) [faek'simali] másolat, fax
fault (n) [fDlIt] hiba
fmd out about sth (v) [faind] tudomást szerez vmiről
gap (n) [gaep] rés
generátor (n) ['d3e n a reit8(r)] generátor, áramfejlesztő
get tóm [get tDin] elszakad
Speaks
gift (n) [ g if t] adomány
GPS (Global Positioning [,d3i: pi: 'es] globális helymeghatározó rendszer
System)
guidance (n) [’g aid n s] útmutatás
handwriting (n) ['haen draitír]] kézírás
hiker (n) ['h a ik a (r)] túrázó
improve (v) [im 'p ru iv ] javít, fejleszt
inability (n) [.in a 'b ila ti] képtelenség vmire
inexperience (n) [.in ik 's p ia ria n s ] tapasztalatlanság
installation (n) [.in s ta 'le ijn ] felszerelés
joy (n) [d 3 Di] öröm
keep in touch with sb (v) [k iip in tAtJ] kapcsolatot tart vkivel
landline telephone (n) ['laendlain 'te lifa u n ] vezetékes telefon
manufacturer (n) [, maa nj u'fae k tja ra(r)] gyártó
mass média (n) [mass 'm iid ia ] tömegtáj ékoztatás
means (n) [m i:n z ] eszköz
misleading (adj) [,m is 'li:d ir]] félrevezető
nasty (adj) ['n a is ti] rossz, komisz
obscenity (n) [ab 'senati] trágárság, ocsmányság
obtain (v) [a b 'te in ] megszerez
oceasional (adj) [a'ke i3an l] alkalmankénti
occupied (adj) ['o k ju p a id ] foglalt
out of date (adj) [deit] elavult
passer-by (n) [,p a :s a 'b a i] járókelő
perception (n) [p a'se p jn ] felfogás
prepáid (adj) [,p ri:'p e id ] előre fizetett
privacy (n) ['privasi] titkosság
procedure (n) [p ra'si:d 3a (r)] folyamat
publish (v) ['pAbliJ] megjelentet, közread
quantity (n) ['kw o n tati] mennyiség
realize (v) ['riia la iz ] rájön
recover (v) [ri'kAva(r)] visszanyer, visszaszerez
rely on sth (v) [ri'la i] hagyatkozik vmire
require (v) [ri'k w a ia (r)] igényel
restricted (adj) [ri's tr ik tid ] korlátozott
ÜE2J
routing (n) [ 'r u it ii] ] irányítás
rubbish (n) ['r/v b ij] hülyeség, butaság
ruin (v) t'ru : in ] tönkretesz
sail (v) [seil] vitorlázik, hajózik
sat (satellite) (n) [saet] műholdas
second-hand (adj) ['sekand] haend használt
secure (adj) [si'kju a(r)] biztonságos
service (n) [ 'S 3 I V I S ] szolgáltatás
set off/out (v) [set] útnak indul
shore (n) U b :(r)] part, szárazföld
skill (n) [s k il] készség
solo (adv) ['saulau] egyedül
space (n) [speis] űr
spelling checker [’spelit] 'tjeka(r)] helyesírás-ellenőrző
step-by-step (adj) [step bai step] részletes
store (v) [stDi(r)] tárol
subscription (n) [s a b 's k rip jn ] előfizetés
superhuman (adj) ['hjuiman] emberfeletti
telecommunication (n) [,telika, m juim 'keijn] távközlés
telephone booth (n) ['telifaun bu:ö] telefonfülke
temptation (n) [temp'teijn] kísértés, csábítás
text (n) [tekst] SMS-ezik
text chatting (n) [tekst ’t/aetit]] chatelés
text message (n) [tekst 'm e sid 3] SMS
time-consuming (adj) [,ta im ka n 'sju :m it]] időigényes
top-up card [ 't o p A p k a : d ] feltöltőkártya
tracking (n) ['traek 113] (nyomon) követés
truly (adv) [’t r u ili] igazán, nagyon
unassisted (adv) [.Ana'sistid] segítség nélkül
update (v) [Ap'deit] korszerűsít
urgent (adj) ['3id3ant] sürgős
via (prep) [Vaia] át, keresztül
voyage (n) [ 'V D I l d 3 ] utazás
vulnerable (adj) [’vAlnarabl] sérülékeny, sebezhető
widespread (adj) [’w aidspred] elterjedt
ia íh íJ L íJ ü íjy
"It has become appallingly obvious that our technology has exceeded our humanity ."
Albert Einstein
A day in the life at Eartliaven Ecovillage

I wake up when it's getting light out and the birds are beginning their moming chirps. I get
up and head fór the composting toilet, an unusual one at Earthaven, because it’s inside our
house, nőt outside, and moreover, inside an actual bathroom. In this community, my mom
and I live in comparative utility luxury, as we have hot and cold running water and a shower.
Many people at Earthaven live in temporary small huts with no running water, and walk to
the shower and bathtub behind the kitchen building. Others are building reál two-bedroom
houses with reál indoor bathrooms. Bút many are still living in travel trailers or tents until
they can savé enough money to clear their homesites and build homes.
I look outside to check the water level in the roof water tank behind the house. There is almost
always enough to take a shower in the summer, when it rains every few days. Nőt so in the
winter, when we go without showers fór several days.
Next I check the meter on the wall. Is there enough power to take a shower? Like every
household at Earthaven, we're off the grid. Our power comes from solar panels and batteries.
We have enough power today to take a shower, ran the blender, the juicer, the computer, the
printer, and even the vacuum cleaner (though nőt all at once!). In the winter we're much more
conservative. With a series of rainy, snowy, or overcast days, we've got to ration our power
use, or else tűm on the generátor, which isn't great because it runs on gasoline. Living in an
ecovillage with our own Utilities, we count every watt, watch every drop.
Most homes at Earthaven are small because they're built with savings or small personal loans.
We can't get constraction loans from banks since, although all members own the whole area,
no one owns an individual homesite. We lease our homesites instead.
Living at Earthaven isn’t all sustainable systems and natural buildings. It’s alsó challenges,
hard work, fights, and conflict.
Settling down at Earthaven, I realize, is the hardest thing I’ve ever done. And the best thing
I’ve ever done.
te le Part 1 - P resen tatio n
You are e x p e c ted to g iv e a short p re s e n ta tio n to y o u r p artn e r(s ) on o n e o f th e fo llo w in g topics.
(The p ro m p ts in brackets m a y h elp you .) Y o ur p re s e n ta tio n should ta k e a b o u t 90 seconds and
like to a s k .
A scientifíc discovery or technological development that I couldn’t imagine living without.

OR
There are several promising scientifíc or technological projects running. If you could choose only
one to succeed in the next ten years, which one would you choose and why (e.g. understanding
the birth of the universe, manned flight to Mars, a cure fór the AIDS, a cure fór cancer, growing
humán organs)?
te le P art 2 - G iving o p in io n
Read th e tex t(s) on th e previous p ag e. Discuss th e c o n te n t o f th e tex t(s) w ith y o u r p a rtn e r. Teli
h e r/h im y o u r o p in io n : g iv e reasons a n d exam p le s to s u p p o rt y o u r ideas. T alk a b o u t y o u r ow n
e x p e rie n c e w ith th e p ro b le m s m e n tio n e d and possible solutions.

You and y o u r p a rtn e r h ave d ecid ed to launch a school d e b a te w ith in th e fie ld o f Science and
te c h n o lo g y . The title o f th e d e b a te w ill be The h o tte s t issue o f o u r days. Consider and discuss th e
details (w h a t th e to p ic should e x actly be and w h y it is th e m o st im p o rta n t o n e ). Teli y o u r p a rtn e r
y o u r ideas and try to com e to an a g re e m e n t.

In this p a rt stu d en ts are asked to in tro d u c e th e m s e lv e s and exch a n g e personal in fo rm a tio n .
ECL Part 2 - P icture d eseription

U h c ijjj j y j j / Ü d b ú i á
Do you a g re e o r d isag ree w ith th e fo llo w in g o pinion? Use reasons a n d exam p les to s u p p o rt yo u r
o p in io n . C o nd uct a d e b a te w ith y o u r p a rtn e r a b o u t th e s ta te m e n t abo ve.
"Most scientifíc and technological research these days isn't more than costly hobbies o f a few Science nerds.
Moreover, it's often bad fór the environment and sometimes even fór the whole o f mankind."
1 absolutely agree. Every year, all this research around the world costs
more than the national budgets of several small countries.
Well, this might be true. However, research is never cheap. It takes a lót
of time, effort, dedication and suitable equipment, just like in the case of
mapping humán genes.
Task 1
T h in k o f fu r th e r a rg u m e n ts fó r an d aga in s t th e s ta te m e n t a n d w rite th e m in th e ta b le .
Task 2
1 If all this money was spent on education, people could have proper schools everywhere in the
world.
2 If the research is successful, the new medicament may help or even savé hundreds of thousands
of people.
3 Matters of science should be left with scientists, nőt politicians; discoveries only come
through exploring unknown areas, often by accident. Restricting science would stop scientifíc
development.
4 Millions of starving people in poor countries could be provided with food with the money
spent on research intő genetic engineering.
IBS
5 Scientists, too, can make mistakes. Bút look at all those epidemics which have been stopped
in the last 100 years.
6 The United Nations should bán all sorts of research fór military purposes. Then we could
avoid the development of even more dangerous weapons.
7 There’s no point in trying to fmd intelligent life in the universe with equipment the size of a
small town, or fínding out about the origins of the universe in the giant underground physics
láb in Switzerland. We should solve the problems of the present.
This research can lead to a reál solution to

<=> starvation through fínding crops that grow
better.
Govemments should have more control

over the world of science to make sure <=>
that only sensible work gets done.
__________________________________ If we had more knowledge of the history

__________________________________ <=> of the universe, we could alsó solve a lót
__________________________________ of scientifíc problems of the present.
Fór medical experiments, a lót of research __________________________________

projects use animals, which will then <=> __________________________________
suffer from diseases or even die.
__________________________________ Without further research, even clean water

__________________________________ <=> will be a serious problem soon and then
__________________________________ the classrooms will be empty.
Scientifíc research is often just a hoax. __________________________________

Take the swine flu in 2009. The virus __________________________________
threat only served the interest of factories ^ __________________________________
that produced the vaccine. __________________________________
__________________________________ This is absolutely unrealistic in a world

__________________________________ full of major conflicts. By the way, most
__________________________________ <=> military developments later fmd their
__________________________________ way intő everyday use, like satellites, fást
__________________________________ aeroplanes, the Internet and a lót more.
S d a w ra íij j iJ ia r iju y J y y y

Areas o f life in w h ich science and te c h n o lo g y p lay a m a jo r role
T ec h n o lo g y in o u r e v e ry d a y ro u tin e a t h o m e a n d a t w o rk
Som é o f th e m a jo r discoveries a n d in v e n tio n s o f th e last 1 00 years
A d va n ta g e s and risks o f som é o f th e scientifíc o r tec h n o lo g ic al d e v e lo p m e n ts
BEJ
J iL ü jjjü jj.
Task 1
Task 2

The use of genetic engineering in agriculture
growing and transporting genetically modified products
advantages and disadvantages of consuming/having genetically modified crops
Producing goods with modem technology/computer technology
efficiency: increasing productivity, spending less time
The results of space research in everyday life
weather, geography, orientation, entertainment, medicine
Computer technology in medicine
advantages: safer operations, more precise diagnoses, fást treatments and recovery
disadvantages: expensive equipment, pricy check-ups, modem hospitals being situated in
big cities, availability fór people
Task 3
M atc h th e fo llo w in g questio ns an d th e phrases. Use th e phrases to m a k e c o m p le te sentences.
1 Why are so many scientists against the growing production of genetically modified
products?
2 Which are the main parts of a cár?
3 What positive and negative outcomes could the humán genome project and humán genetic
engineering have in the future?
4 What devices of modem technology do we use in our daily lives?
5 What developments have become part of everyday travel in the last few decades?
6 How is genetic engineering used in agriculture and industry?
7 How does industrial production like the cár industry benefit from the use of modem
technologies?
8 How can scientifíc and technological research help preserve our environment?
9 How are scientifíc achievements used in police work?
high-speed trains
supersonic air travel
faster and safer passenger cars with lower ftiel consumption
BOB
plants with modified genes / more resistant crops, vegetables and fruit
grow better / look nicer / easier to transport
very new technology / no experience in long-term effects

unknown and unexpected side-effects may follow
design with computers takes shorter and offers more variety

robots in assembly lines - faster, more precise, at a lower cost than humán workers, more
products, lower prices
windscreen, bumper, steering wheel, headlights, air-bag, safety beit, wheel, engine, exhaust,
gear lever, break pedál, accelerator pedál, clutch pedál, hand brake, indicator, rear-view
mirror, battery, ignition key, bonnet, boot
computer fór work and entertainment

office equipment: photocopier, scanner, printer, digital projector, fax, software
numerous household appliances
subtle methods in crime scene investigation

analysing and identifying fmgerprints or materials left behind
DNA test to identify suspect
humán organs grown fór transplants to savé thousands of lives

parents could “order” the sex or other characteristics of a child
“producing” people of pre-determined character might become possible
find technologies to exploit environment-friendly sources of energy

materials which don’t pollute the environment
more efficient ways to recycle waste
accelerator (n) [ak'sel9reita(r)] gázpedál

accident(n) [’aeksidant] véletlen
air-bag (n) ['eabaeg] légzsák
analyse (v) [’aenalaiz] elemez
assembly line (n) [a'sembli Iáin] gyártósor
avoid (v) [a'vDid] elkerül
bán (v) [baen] betilt
battery (n) f'baetri] akkumulátor
bear (v) [bea(r)] elvisel
benefít from sth (v) [’bem fit] előnye van vmiből
blender (n) ['blenda(r)] turmixgép
bonnet (n) ['borút] motorháztető
boot (n) [bu:t] csomagtartó
brake (n) [breik] fék
bucket (n) [’bAkit] vödör
budget (n) [’bAd3it] költségvetés
bury (v) ['béri] eltemet, elás
challenge (n) ['t/aelind3] kihívás
chore (n) [tjD:(r)] házimunka
clutch (n) [klAtJ] kuplung
commit (v) [ka'mit] elkötelezi magát
community (n) [ka'mjuinati] közösség
construction (n, adj) [kan'strAk/n] építés, építési
consumption (n) [kan'sAmpJn] fogyasztás
costly (adj) [küstli] költséges
crops (n) [krops] termények
cure (n) [kjua(r)] gyógymód
dedication (n) [.dedi'kei/n] odaadás
development (n) [di'velapmant] fejlesztés
discovery (n) [di'skAvari] felfedezés
disease (n) [di'ziiz] betegség
efficiency (n) [i'fijnsi] hatékonyság
effort (n) t'efat] erőfeszítés
engine (n) ['end3in] motor
epidemic (n) [.epi'demik] járvány
exceed (v) [ik'sird] meghalad, túllép
exhaust (n) [ig'zDist] kipufogó
6 9 1
experiment (n) ik 's p e rim a n t] kísérlet
exploit (v) ik 's p b it] kiaknáz
explore (v) ik 's p b :(r)] feltár
fingerprint (n) ‘fiq g a p rin t] ujjlenyomat
fuel (n) 'fju ia l] üzemanyag
gear lever (n) gia(r) 'li:va(r)] sebességváltó
genetic engineering (n) d 39 'n etik ,end3i'n ia rir]] génmódosítás
giant (adj) 'd3aia nt] óriási
goods (n) gudz] áruk
headlight (n) h edlait] fényszóró
hoax (n) hauks] átverés
homesite (n) ’haum sait] telek
hot (adj) hot] égető, fontos
húg (v) hAg] ölel
ignition key (n) ig 'n ijn ki:] slusszkulcs
issue (n) ■íJui] probléma, ügy
kin (n) kin ] rokon
knowledge (n) 'nDlid3] tudás
lease (v) ÜSS] bérel
loan (n) laun] hitel
mankind (n) maen'kaind] emberiség
manned (adj) maend] ember vezette
map (v) maep] feltérképez
medicament (n) m a'dikam ant] gyógyszer
meter (n) 'm i:ta(r)] mérőóra
method (n) 'meSad] módszer
military (adj) 'm ila tri] katonai
nerd (n) n3:d] őrült, mániás
outcome (n) 'autkAm] kimenetel, eredmény
overcast (adj) ,auva'ka:st] felhős, borult
pedál (n) ■pedl] pedál
pollute (v) p a 'lu it] szennyez
power (n) 'paua(r)] energia
pre-determined (adj) ,p ri:d i't3 :m in d ] előre meghatározott
promising (adj) 'p ro m is ir]] ígéretes
!E 9
proper (adj) ['pm pa(r)] rendes, megfelelő
provide sb with sth (v) [ p r a 'v a id ] ellát vkit vmivel
purpose (n) ['p 3 :p a s ] cél
ration (v) 1'raejn] beoszt, adagol
rear-view mirror (n) [ria(r) vju: ‘m iraír)] visszapillantó tükör
recovery (n) [ri'kAvari] felépülés, felgyógyulás
recycle (v) [.rix 's a ik l] újrahasznosít
resistant (adj) [ r i'z is t a n t ] ellenálló
restrict (v) [ r i's t n k t ] korlátoz
reveal (v) [ r i'v iil] felfed, megmutat
run on sth (v) [rAn] működik vmivel
running water (n) [’rA nir] 'w D ita (r)] folyóvíz
safety beit (n) ['s e ift i b e it] biztonsági öv
satellite (n) [’s a e ta la it] műhold
scrap (n) [skraep] hulladék
sensible (adj) ['s e n s a b l] értelmes
settle down (v) [’setl] letelepedik
side-effect (n) [s a id i'f e k t ] mellékhatás
solar panel (n) ['s a u la (r) ’paenl] napelem
starving (adj) ['s ta iv írj] éhező
steering wheel (n) [ 's t ia r iq w i:l] kormánykerék
subtle (adj) [’SAtl] kifinomult
succeed (v) [s a k 's iid ] sikert ér el
suspect(n) ['sAspekt] gyanúsított
sustainable (adj) [s a 's te in a b l] fenntartható
temporary (adj) ['te m p r a r i] ideiglenes
threat (n) [G ret] fenyegetés
transplant (n) ['tra e n s p la in t] átültetés
travel trailer (n) [’traevl] lakókocsi
treatment (n) ['triitm an t] kezelés
utility (n) [ju i'tila ti] felszereltség
vaccine (n) [’v a e k s iin ] oltóanyag, vakcina
weapon (n) ['w e p a n ] fegyver
wheel (n) [w iil] kerék
windscreen (n) [ 'w in d s k r iin ] szélvédő
2 Ü /J jjíj Uí { j ÍÍJ9 li$ J \ -jud ríj^i
"Even today, well-brought up English girls are taught to boil all vegetables fór at least a month
and a half,just in case one o f the dinner guests comes without his teeth!" Calvin Trillin
“lllegal aliens have always been a problem in the United States. Ask any Indián.” Róbert Őrben
Reasons why I lőve America

Four p.m. cheeseburgers with extra onions on a day when the stock market's closed. I lőve
it.
I lőve how most Americans believe somé supematural higher power is going to lift them up
intő paradise once they expire, bút at the same time they work ninety hours a week to invent
new technologies that make my earthly life long and comfortable, although, come to think
of it, largely static and meaningless. I lőve how every tiny thing I do in America they give
me money fór. Little musings, overused anecdotes, anything I do - money I don't know what
I'm getting fór this article bút I'll bet ya it's gonna be a lót of money. And money means I can
indulge in my passions and pursuits and contribute to this nation's idea of itself. Or as the
youth like to say, "Whatever."
I lőve how Americans can be so innocent abroad. On the rare occasion the dollár is up they
can still act pissy with the waiter, bút when I see a middle-aged couple in somé freaky
country these days it's like, "H-h-h-h-help us, mister. We've just been r-r-r-r-robbed and s-s-
s-s-stabbed." I lőve how American women smell. Whether they're native or immigrant, small
or elephantine, everyone smells like the height of freshness even in the summertime. I can
respect that.
I lőve how I can dress all informál in America. I don't even own a tie! And if someone gets
married or dies, I'm wearing my sports blazer. I lőve how young this country is. I don't have
to study what happened two thousand years before Christ to fit in around here. I lőve how
this is such a big country bút when I travel around everyone speaks a fairly standardized kind
of English. Sure there's the famous Southern accent, bút from what I understand the influx
ofYankees intő the Southern states is slowly killing off Southern culture and diction. Sweet!
I lőve how people treat me with respect in America. Sir this and sir that. I'm 33 bút I look like
I'm fitty so when I walk intő a store, service people practically get down on their knees and
bég me to share my old man's wealth. I can live with that.
í .iü jíj saíBa

You are e x p e c ted to g iv e a short p re s e n ta tio n to y o u r p artn e r(s ) on o n e o f th e fo llo w in g topics.
W h ile yo u r p a rtn e r is g iv in g h is /h e r p re s e n ta tio n , listen and th in k o f th e questio ns you w o u ld
like to ask.
The UK (location, seas or oceans, parts, capitals, head of State).

OR
Would you like to visit the UK or the USA? Why? What would you like to see and do there?

h e r/h im y o u r o p in io n : g ive reasons and exam p le s to s u p p o rt y o u r ideas. T alk a b o u t yo u r o w n
experie n c e w ith th e p ro b lem s m e n tio n e d a n d possible solutions.
tele P art 3 - Consensus

You an d y o u r p a rtn e r are th in k in g a b o u t g e ttin g a 6 -w e e k s u m m e r jo b as cam p counsellors in
e ith e r th e USA o r th e UK. Yo ur tra v e l expenses and a c c o m m o d a tio n w ill be p aid fó r b y th e cam p
and you w ill alsó earn som é m o n ey , e n o u g h to spend a w e e k tra v e llin g in th e c o u n try w h e n th e
jo b is fin is h e d . W h e re should you go? Consider and discuss th e d eta ils . Teli y o u r p a rtn e r yo u r

In this p a rt s tu d en ts are asked to in tro d u c e th em selves an d e x c h a n g e p erson al in fo rm a tio n .

Do you a g re e o r d isag ree w ith th e fo llo w in g s ta te m e n t? Use reasons a n d exam p les to su p p o rt
"Fluent English is a must, an indispensable tool in the modem world. Bút doing a few classes a week isn't
enough to master it, so all the major subjects in secondary schools should be taught in English."
------------------------------------------------------------ -
I absolutely agree. Most students spend years leaming the language and
the result is still much below their aims. They still can’t communicate
efficiently or pass the required language exams.
Well, this might be true. However, although I agree that a few classes a
week may nőt be enough to reach the level we need, I don’t think teaching
everybody everything in English would be a good idea.
Taskl
T h in k o f fu rth e r a rg u m e n ts fó r a n d aga in s t th e s ta te m e n t a n d w rite th e m in th e ta b le .
Fór Against
* «=> *
* <=> *
* <=> *
Task 2
1 It isn’t the knowledge of a single language that raises a nation. Besides, it would badly affect
the quality of our mother tongue.
2 It’s the same language, bút entirely different attitudes. Even within one nation, it is impossible
to rely on stereotypes. Alsó, why should we try to understand them before we get to know and
understand our neighbours?
3 Leaming several subjects in English would multiply the amount of time spent practising
English and would ensure that students reach the necessary level by the time of their fmal
exams.
mm
1
.........................
Leaming something in a foreign language doesn’t involve leaming it well. In fact, it makes
understanding things more diffícult, and language knowledge in itself isn’t enough in higher
education.
Most jobs don’t require much communication: builders, craftsmen, factory workers only need
a minimum. The world doesn’t only consist of businessmen and university professors.
Students would enjoy going to school much more. They would appreciate the fást improvement
they make in an area which gives them skills to use even in their free time, such as browsing
the net, games, foreign music, etc.
This system would create new job opportunities fór thousands of the unemployed teachers
and prospective teachers graduating from universities.
Job advertisements clearly show that

without English you don’t have a chance <=>
to get a good job.
That would result in worsening skills in

the students’ mother tongue, which, in
<=> our country, are rather low as they are and
even worse results in those subjects taught
in English.
This kind of tuition would enable students

to go straight intő foreign universities <=>
around the world.
It would make thousands of others

<=> redundant because they aren’t qualified
fór this kind of job.
With schools like this, English could

almost become a second language, which
<=>
would make us equal to other nations in
Europe.
Reading about the theory o f relativity or

the chemical formula of DNA (Deoxy-
ribonucleic acid) isn’t any more enjoyable
in English than in Hungárián and it
doesn’t have the vocabulary of pop songs
in it, either.
Leaming in a foreign language is nőt only

about language skills. It teaches you a new
way of thinking and lets you understand
the English or the Americans.
T iia U Z Á yiJii i h a Uíí

* Basic in fo rm a tio n a b o u t th e USA and th e UK
Reasons w h y th e s e cou ntries are so m uch in th e fo re fro n t o f a tte n tio n
* T radition s
* T he English la n g u a g e
North
Ocean North
Great Bntain
Task 1
Task 2
% Location and geographical surroundings

% What smaller parts the two countries are made up of:
m
US: states of the same multiethnic nation
UK: different nations, their capitals, languages and traditions
Stereotypical images of the Americans and the Brits
The source of influence on the rest of the world
history, language, culture, education
National holidays
Popular tourist destinations
The English language across the Atlantic
Task 3
M atch th e fo llo w in g q uestions an d th e phrases. Use th e phrases to m a k e c o m p le te sentences.
1 How have these countries influenced the world?

2 Is the same English spoken everywhere in the USA and the UK? What differences are there?
3 What are widespread stereotypes about the USA and the UK? What will most people remember
first in relation to them? What are they most famous fór? Which are the most popular tourist
destinations?
4 What parts is the UK made up of? Which are the official languages, capitals, patron saints the
national symbols and somé of the famous traditions of each part?
5 Where are the British Isles and what do they comprise?
6 Where is the USA located? What parts does it consist of?
7 Which are the most important holidays in these countries?
8 Which are the most renowned universities in these countries? Why?
9 Which aspects of life in these countries are often looked down on?
a group of islands off the northwest coast of Continental Europe: include the islands of Great
Britain and Ireland and thousands of smaller islands
two states: the United Kingdom of Great Britain (between the Channel and the Irish Channel)
and Northern Ireland, and the Republic of Ireland
England: English, London, England, St. George, the rose, Morris dancing
Scotland: English, Scots, Scottish Gaelic, Edinburgh, St. Andrew, the thistle, the clans,
bagpipe, tartan, kilt
Wales: English, Welsh, Cardiff, St. Dávid, the leek and the daffodil, “the land of song”, choirs,
brass bands
Northern Ireland: Belfast, St. Patrick, the Shamrock, stout
The United States of America - a federal constitutional republic, fifty states and a federal
district, situated mostly in central North America, between the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans,
bordered by Canada, several territories in the Caribbean and Pacific, Capital: Washington D.C.
(District of Columbia)
E3B
the USA: baseball, fást food, presidential elections, film industry and the Academy Awards
in Hollywood in Los Angeles, Califomia, skyscrapers and the Statue of Liberty in New York
city, Niagara Falls
the UK: soccer, rugby, fish and chips, reserved people, Loch Ness, haunted castles, Harry
Potter by J.K. Rowling, Queen Elizabeth II, The Houses of Parliament, Big Ben, the Tower of
London
The Ivy League: originally an athletic conference comprising eight priváté institutions of
higher education, the North-East of the USA
Brown University, Columbia University, Comell University, Dartmouth College, Harvard
University, Princeton University, the University of Pennsylvania, Yale University
academic excellence, selectivity in admissions, elite institutions, the most prestigious
universities worldwide
Oxford and Cambridge: two oldest universities in Britain, founded more than 800 years ago,
Britain's most prominent scientists, writers and politicians, a long history of competition
between Oxford and Cambridge
Great Britain: huge colonies on other continents in the pást, English as a second language,
Shakespeare ’s language, modem pop music (the Beatles, the Rolling Stones, Led Zeppelin,
Pink Floyd, Elton John, George Michael, The Spice Girls)
the USA: economic and military power, technological achievements (space missions), film
industry
* fást food culture bőm in the USA, several fást food restaurant chains
traditional English cooking: said to be awful - boring and tasteless, overcooked soggy
vegetables
changes in the last decades due to immigrant communities: cuisines of dozens of countries
climate: unsettled, many types of weather in a single day, mild, often wet and windy with grey
skies
the USA - the "big six" holidays: New Year's Day, Memóriái Day - honors the nation’s war
dead, Independence Day, Labor Day - celebrates the achievements of workers and the labour
movement, Thanksgiving - harvest festival and thanks to God fór helping the Pilgrims of
Plymouth Colony survive the brutal winter, Christmas.
the UK - bank holidays observed everywhere in the UK: New Year’s Day, May Day, Christmas
Day, Boxing Day (the second day of Christmas), lots of other traditional holidays in Northern
Ireland, Scotland and Wales
lots of varieties (mainly pronunciation) in the UK, a few ones in the USA, no two speakers
would have difficulty understanding each other
ÍE 9
differences between American and British English: simplified American spelling - e.g. color/
colour, certain words - e.g. elevator/lift
\\\ ' yüCüi>uJüry
accent(n) ['aeksent] akcentus, kiejtés

achievement (n) [a'tjiivm a nt] teljesítmény
act (v) pissy (v) [aekt 'pisi] kötözködik
admission (n) [ad'm ijn] felvétel (iskolai)
affect (v) [a'fekt] rossz hatással van vmire
alien (n) ['eilian] idegen
anecdote (n) ['cenikdaut] történet, anekdota
appreciate (v) [s 'p r i: J ie it] értékel, méltányol
attitűdé (n) ['a e titju id ] hozzáállás, viszonyulás
bagpipe (n) ['baegpaip] duda, bőrduda
be made up of sth (v) [meid] áll vmiből
blazer (n) ['bleiza(r)] kis kabát, blézer
bordér (v) ['b D id a (r)] határol
brass bánd (n) [brars baend] fúvós zenekar
builder (n) ['bilda(r)] építőmunkás
clan (n) [klasn] klán
colony (n) ['kolani] gyarmat, telep
come to think of it (idm) [kAm ta 0ir]k av it] ha jobban belegondolok
comprise (v) [kam'praiz] tartalmaz, magába(n) foglal
constitutional (adj) [,kDnsti'tju:Janl] alkotmányos
contribute (v) [ka n 'trib ju it] hozzájárul
counsellor (n) ['kaunsala(r)] segítő
craftsman (n) ['kraiftsm an] iparos
cute (adj) [kju:t] aranyos, helyes
daffodil (n) [’daefadil] nárcisz
diction (n) ['d ik jn ] beszédstílus
district (n) ['d is trik t] kerület, terület
S Í I
earthly (adj) ■síén] földi
economic (adj) .iik a 'n o m ik ] gazdasági
efficiently (adv) i'f ijn t li] hatékonyan
elephantine (adj) ,eli'faentain] elefántszerű
enable (v) i'n e ib l] képessé tesz
ensure (v) in'Jua(r)] biztosít
equal (adj) 'i : kwal] egyenlő
expense (n) ik'spens] költség
expire (v) ik'sp aia (r)] meghal, kileheli a lelkét
federal (adj) 'fedaral] szövetségi
fit in (v) fit] beilleszkedik
fluent (adj) 'flu ia n t] folyékony (nyelvtudás)
forefront (n) 'fDifrAnt] előtér (átv)
formula (n) 'faim jala] összetétel
freaking, freaky (adj) 'friik ír j, ’fr iik i] szeszélyes, furcsa
get down on their knees (v) get daun], [n iiz letérdel
harvest (n) ‘h a iv is t] aratás, betakarítás
head of state (n) hed av ste it] államfő
I'll bet ya (informál) a il bet ja] lefogadom
illegal (adj) i'liig l] törvénytelen
immigrant (n, adj) 'im ig ra n t] bevándorló
indispensable (adj) .indi'spensabl] nélkülözhetetlen
indulge (v) in'dAld3] belemerül
influence (n), (v) 'in flu a n s] hatás
influx (n) 'inflAks] beáramlás
informál (adj) in 'fD im l] hétköznapi, könnyed, laza
innocent (adj) 'in asn t] ártatlan
invent (v) in'ven t] feltalál, kitalál
kilt (n) k ilt] skót szoknya
knee (n) ni:] térd
knowledge (n) 'nDlid3] tudás
leek (n) 1i: k] póréhagyma
look down on sth (v) luk] lenéz vmit
meaningless (adj) 'm i:n ir]la s] értelmetlen, semmitmondó
military power (n) 'm ila tri 'paua(r)] katonai hatalom
I B I
movement (n) ['muívmant] megmozdulás
multiethnic (adj) [,m/\lti 'eOnik] soknemzetiségű
multiply (v) ['mAltiplai] szoroz, sokszoroz
musing (n) [ 'm ju iz ír ] ] tűnődés, álmodozás
must (n) [mAst] feltétlenül szükséges
nation (n) t'nei/n] nemzet
observe (v) [ab'zsiv] megtart
occasion (n) [9'kei3n] alkalom
overused (adj) [,9UV3'ju:St] elcsépelt
own (v) [aun] birtokol, tulajdonában van
paradise (n) [’paeradais] mennyország, paradicsom
passión (n) [’p aejn ] szenvedély
patron saint (n) ['peitran seint] védőszent
powerless (adj) [’paualas] tehetetlen, erőtlen
practically (adv) ['praektikli] gyakorlatilag
prestigious (adj) [pre'stidsas] tekintélyes
prominent (adj) ['prominant] prominens, kiemelkedő, kitűnő
prospective (adj) [pra'spektív] leendő
pursuit (n) [pa'sjuit] hobbi
redundant (adj) [ri'dAnd3nt] szükségtelen, fölösleges
rely on sth (v) [ r i'la i] hagyatkozik vmire
renowned (adj) [ r i'n a u n d ] híres, elismert
republic (n) [ri'pAblik] köztársaság
respect (v) [ri'spekt] tisztel
selectivity (n) [ s a .le k 'tív s ti] szelektivitás, válogatás
service people (n) ['s3ivis pi: pl] kiszolgáló személyzet
Shamrock (n) ['Jaemrok] lóhere
share (v) U e a (r)] megoszt
soggy (adj) ['sogi] lucskos
source (n) [sdis ] forrás
stáb (v) [steeb] ledöf, leszúr
standardised (adj) [’stasndsdaizd] szabályos, egységes
static (adj) ['staetik] monoton, unalmas
stereotype (n) [’steriataip] általánosítás
stock markét (n) [ 'm a : k it] tőzsde
stout (n) [s ta u t] barna sör
supematural (adj) [.s u ip a 'n a e tjr a l] természetfeletti
tartan (n) [’t a i t n ] kockás ruhaanyag
territory (n) ['te r a tr i] terület
thistle (n) [■0isl] bogáncs
tiny (adj) [’t a in i] kicsi, apró
tool (n) [tusi] eszköz
tuition (n) [ t j u 'i /n ] oktatás
well-brought up (adj) [w el b n : t Ap] jól nevelt
widespread (adj) ['w a id s p r e d ] elterjedt
worsening (adj) ['w 3 :s m r)] romló
■ESI
A könyvben előforduló szövegek az alábbi cikkek alapján készültek:
Queens Chronicle http://www.qchron.com

Bike beats cár, train in commuter race
UNIS University News and Information Service http://www.unisaustralia.com
Degree does nőt always lead to greater happiness
Reál Simple http://www.realsimple.com/health
Everyday Health Dilemmas Solved
Ezine articles http://www.ezinearticles.com
Benefits of Travel; Why We Celebrate Holidays
Hélium http://www.helium.com
Is Christmas becoming too commercialized?; Advantages of rural life; Is it better to raise children
in a small or large family
LieslNet.Com http://www.lieslnet.com
Slow down, stop rushing and enjoy your life
BBC News http://www.bbc.co.uk/news
Is the Olympic spirit dead?
The Washington Post http://www.washingtonpost.com
As the Kids Go Buy
Yahoo! Answers http://www.answers.yahoo.com
Why do they teach us useless things at school?
Computer Hope http://www.computerhope.com
Protecting children from harmful material and people on the Internet
Miss Geeky http://www.missgeeky.com
Reblogged! —10 Problems with Today’s Cinemas
The Guardian http://www.guardian.co.uk
Why do humán beings keep pets?
Canadian Living http://www.canadianliving.com
Why go to university?
Directgov http://www.direct.gov.uk
What type of work would suit you
Lonely Plánét http://www.lonelyplanet.com
What is your opinion about Hungary?
Sail World http://www.sail-world.com
The Wetass Chronicles: Jessica Watson's Adventure Lost'
Lost Valley Educational Center http://www.lostvalley.org
A Day in the Life at Earthaven Ecovillage
GOOD http://www.good.is
Ten Reasons Why I Lőve America
d l
Előszó és m ó d sze rta n i t ip p e k .............................................................................................................................................. 5
M in t a te s z te k .............................................................................................................................................................................. 9
Useful E x p re s s io n s ................................................................................................................................................................12
1. Travel and tra n s p o r t........................................................................................................................................................ 20
2. M é n a n d w o m e n in th e h o u s e h o ld ............................................................................................................................30
3. G oing on h o lid a y ............................................................................................................................................................... 40
4 . N a tio n a l h olidays, festivals, c e leb ra tio n s ................................................................................................................ 50
5. Hom es, city life, c o u n try l i f e .........................................................................................................................................60
6. F a m ily ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 70
7. Lifestyle, h ea lth and illnesses........................................................................................................................................80
8. S p o r t....................................................................................................................................................................................... 90
9. S h o p p in g , fa s h io n ...........................................................................................................................................................100
10. E n v iro n m e n t................................................................................................................................................................... 110
11. E d u c a tio n ......................................................................................................................................................................... 120
12. T he m é d ia ........................................................................................................................................................................130
13. E n t e r ta in m e n t .............................................................................................................................................................. 140
14. Free t i m e .......................................................................................................................................................................... 150
15. W o r k ................................................................................................................................................................................. 162
16. H u n g a ry ........................................................................................................................................................................... 1 74
17. Services, D IY ................................................................................................................................................................... 186
18. T e le c o m m u n ic a tio n ....... ............................................................................................................................................ 196
19. Science and te c h n o lo g y ............................................................................................................................................ 2 0 6
2 0. The UK, th e USA and th e English la n g u a g e ......................................................................................................2 1 6
A szövegek fo rrá s m e g je lö lé s e i.....................................................................................................................................2 2 7
T a rta lo m je g y z é k ................................................................................................................................................................. 2 2 8
Kötetünkkel a B2 szintű angol szóbeli nyelvvizsgára és az em elt szintű érettségire való
felkészülésben és felkészítésben kívánunk segítséget nyújtani. A kiadvány lehetőséget
biztosít az angol B2 szintű szóbeli vizsgák (tele, ECL) és az em elt szintű szóbeli érettségi
feladattípusainak megismerésére.
A két fő feladattípus m e lle tt - vita és érvelés, képleírás és tém akifejtés - számos
változatos feladat segíti az eredményes felkészülést. A könyv a B2 szintű nyelvvizsgák
tém aköreiből 20 té m át dolgoz fe l,fig ye le m b e véve a különböző nyelvvizsgák és az em elt
szintű érettségi vizsgakövetelm ényeinek tém akörleírását. M inden fejezet angol-m agyar
szó- és kifejezésgyűjtem énnyel zárul.
Célunk, hogy a könyv használója kim erítő válaszokat adhasson a szóbeli vizsgán,
meggyőzően tu d jo n érvelni álláspontja m e lle tt és összefüggően, logikusan tudjon
beszélni egy-egy problém áról.
Az igényes, színes képekkel és illusztrációkkal e llá to tt kötetünke t nyelvtanulóknak és
nyelvtanároknak egyaránt ajánljuk.

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^Rmjszóbeli érettségire és nyelvv

y Képleírás és tém a k ife jtés

• Első kiadás, változatlan utánnyomás, 2012

Kiadja: Maxim Könyvkiadó Kft., 6728 Szeged, Kollégiumi út 11/H

Minden jog fenntartva, beleértve a sokszorosítást, a mű bővített,

ISBN 978 963 261 127 3

© Copyright Maxim Kiadó, Szeged

i’ilJ b az íi & }jjy//

Kiadványunk olyan feladatgyűjtemény, amely segíti a felkészülést a Magyarországon akkreditált,

Milyen problémák okozzák gyakran a vizsga sikertelenségét és milyen problémák megelőzésére

A szóbeli vizsgáztatók gyakran szembesülnek azzal a helyzettel, hogy a vizsgázónak valószínűleg

Bemelegítő beszélgetés: Bemelegítő beszélgetés:

A vizsgáztató célja, hogy lehetőséget teremtsen a vizsgázó számára megszerzett tudásának

Példák a rossz stratégiára:

Eldöntendő kérdés esetén:

B vizsgázó, bár a beszédhelyzetnek esetleg megfelel a válasza, nem mutatott értékelhető

Eldöntendő kérdés esetén:

Példa a rossz stratégiára:

Példa a helyes stratégiára:

A képleírást célszerű úgy kezdeni, mintha ezekre a kérdésekre válaszolnánk:

Minden akkreditált vizsgarendszer ugyanazon elvek szerint méri a vizsgázók készségeit,

Hasznos felkészülést és sikeres vizsgázást kíván

E m elt szintű é re tts é g i - Part 1

Em elt szintű é re tts é g i - Part 2

Em elt szintű é re tts é g i - Part 3

tele Part 1 - P resen tatio n

A concert you have reeently been to.

tele Part 2 - G iving o p in io n

A degree does nőt always lead to greater happiness

tele Part 3 - Consensus

This task is fór warm-up only and it will nőt be assessed.

ECL Part 2 - G uided conversation

ECL Part 3 - Picture d eserip tion

in the foreground looks

a sort of in the background.

look as if in the middle of

look like behind

right/left of in the picture/photo

a type of 1 can see somebody walking...

a kind of There is/are people waiting...

Could/Can I/we..., please? Would you mind teliing us...?

Do you think I could...? Certainly.

Can I possibly...? I’m afraid...

Is it OK/alright if i...? Yes, of course.

Would it be alright i f i opened...? I’m sorry, bút...

OK. Well, we can...

How about -ing If I were you I’d...

I advise you to... lt'd be a good idea if you.

Let’s... Y'ou must...

What about ~ing You mustn’t...

Would it be a good idea to...? You should...

You could. You shouldn’t...

Absolutely. I suppose (so ),... b ú t...

Don’t exaggerate. I totallv agree/disagree with you.

I agree. [’m nőt so sure.

I don’t agree. I'm against...

1 don't think so. I’m in favour of..

Nonsense! That’s nőt true.

Nőt necessarilv. That’s true.

Oh, come off it! You’re dead right.

OK, bút... You’re right, bút.

Perhaps, bút... You've got a point there.