Worksheet 1.

MEASUREMENT, UNCERTAINTY,

AND DEVIATION WORKSHEET

GROUP NAME/MEMBERS: DATE:

SleeperCells MARCH 07, 2022
Arellano, Alyssa Marie
Babaran, Travis Jericho
Geronimo, Mart John
Julian, Rexie
Llantada, Hyron Jim

Data Sheet

1. Review the rules for significant figures in mathematical operations. Solve the
following expressions.

EXPRESSION ANSWER
658643 + 300 658900
300. −48.1 252
4 × 3215 10000
981/5 200
4.32 18

2. Write the correct way to report the following measurements. If the measurement
is correctly reported, just copy the measurement.

MEASUREMEN ANSWER
T
87.01 ± 0.05 87.01 ± 0.05
25.5 ± 1.5 26 ± 2
2010 ± 11 2010 ± 10
329.5 ± 1 330 ± 1
433.7 ± 5% 433.70 ± 0.05

3. The following data are the measurements of the dimensions of a box.

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 𝑙 = 3.0 ± 0.3 cm
ℎ = 51.1 ± 0.5 mm
𝑤 = 2.03 ± 0.01 m
How should the volume of the box be reported (central value ± uncertainty)?
Write your calculations and box your final answer.

4. If the accepted value of the volume of the box in the previous question is 3100.
cm3, is the measurement acceptable? Discuss your answer.

 As stated that the accepted value of the volume of the box is 3100 cm3, the
measured final volume of the box was 3111.99±361.72 cm3 so we can say that the
measurement is acceptable because it lies between the ranges of the computed
uncertainty which is 2750.27 cm3 to 3473.71 cm3.

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 5. Present the result of the activity in the following tables.

Table 1. Different Circular Objects Used

OBJECT DESCRIPTION IMAGE/SKETCH
1 Pharmaceutical bottle caps or
closures protect a product during
production, transportation, and
display until the end-user consumes
it.

2 Masking tape, commonly known as

painter's tape, is a type of pressure-
sensitive tape made of a thin, easily
torn paper and a pressure-sensitive
adhesive that is quickly withdrawn.
It comes in a number of different
widths. It's mostly utilized in
painting to hide regions that
shouldn't be painted.

3 An ashtray is a container for

cigarette and cigar ash. Fire-resistant
materials such as glass, heat-resistant
plastic, earthenware, metal, or stone
are commonly used for ashtrays.

4 A plastic cup is a container

constructed of plastic that is often
used to hold beverages. Some are
reusable, while others are designed
to be used once and then recycled or
discarded.

5 Cold drinks including lemonade,

iced teas, smoothies, and summer
cocktails are often served in tumbler
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 cups. Typically, they are made of
plastic or metal. The flaske Tumbler
is a double-walled stainless steel
tumbler that insulates both hot and
cold beverages.

Table 2.1. Diameter of the Objects (SI)

DIAMETER (SI)
OBJECT 1 2 3 4 5
Trial 1 3.7 9.5 10.5 5.2 6.1
Trial 2 3.9 9.5 10.6 5.2 6.0
Trial 3 3.8 9.4 10.5 5.1 6.0
Trial 4 3.7 9.6 10.5 5.3 6.2
Measurement 3.78 9.50 10.53 5.20 6.08

Table 2.2. Diameter of the Objects (English)

DIAMETER
(ENGLISH)
OBJECT 1 2 3 4 5
Trial 1 1.56 3.75 4.13 2.06 2.38
Trial 2 1.63 3.81 4.19 2.13 2.44
Trial 3 1.69 3.75 4.06 2.06 2.31
Trial 4 1.63 3.69 4.13 2.13 2.38
Measurement 1.63 3.75 4.13 2.10 2.38

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Table 3.1. Circumference of the Objects (English)
CIRCUMFERENCE
(SI)
OBJECT 1 2 3 4 5
Trial 1 12.7 30.1 32.8 17.5 19.6
Trial 2 12.9 30.1 32.9 17.3 19.4
Trial 3 12.8 30.0 32.9 17.4 19.5
Trial 4 12.8 29.9 32.7 17.3 19.4
Measurement 12.80 30.03 32.83 17.38 19.48

Table 3.2. Diameter of the Objects (English)

CIRCUMFERENCE (ENGLISH)
OBJECT 1 2 3 4 5
Trial 1 5.13 11.18 12.88 6.81 7.69
Trial 2 5.06 11.88 12.94 6.86 7.69
Trial 3 5.13 11.88 12.88 6.88 7.56
Trial 4 5.13 11.81 12.81 6.94 7.63
Measurement 5.11 11.85 12.88 6.87 7.64

Table 4. Values of 𝜋 Calculated Using Metric and English Units from the Objects
VALUE OF
𝝅
OBJECT From SI Units From English Units
1 3.39 cm 3.13
2 3.16 cm 3.16
3 3.12 cm 3.12
4 3.34 cm 3.27
5 3.21 cm 3.21
Average 3.244 cm 3.18
PERCENT 3.04% 1.22%
ERROR

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Discussion
Discuss the following based on the results of the experiment that you performed,
whenever possible. Explain whether or not your results support accepted theories.
1. What is the importance of reporting uncertainties? Why can't measurements
be exact without any doubt?
 When discussing scientific findings, scientists usually always mention the level of
uncertainty. Scientists can explain their findings more precisely by quantifying the
amount of uncertainty associated with their findings. It's impossible to tell whether
the discrepancy between the two values is real or just the result of imprecise
measurements if the uncertainty is too high. That is why calculating uncertainty is
so crucial. One of the reasons that precise measurements are feasible is that the
measurement is not always precisely defined. The key to ensure that industries all
over the world focus on the relevance of measurement quality and the
repercussions of excluding measurement uncertainty is to raise awareness of the
importance of measurement uncertainty. Despite the set standards, no
measurement can be guaranteed to be exact. Every measurement result has an
independent degree of uncertainty, no matter how meticulous or exact it is. As a
result, if measurement is critical, measurement uncertainty is critical as well.

2. Can a measurement system be precise but not accurate, or be accurate but not
precise? Cite a situation when this can happen.
 We can perhaps conclude that the measuring technique is exact but not accurate
under these instances because the person or the equipment may give rehash
estimations that are off by a consistent span. When a person measures an object
with a consistent mistake, but comes up with nearly the same value, this is a
fantastic illustration. Then we can conclude that he or she is precise but has a
consistent error or environmental component, and the outcome will almost surely
be wrong. The closeness of a measured value to a standard or known value is
referred to as accuracy. If you get a weight measurement of 6.2 kg in a lab for a
particular substance, but the actual or known weight is 20 kg, your measurement
is not accurate. Your measurement isn't near to the known value in this scenario.
Precision is the degree to which two or more measurements are close to each
other. If you weigh a specific substance five times and get 6.2 kg each time, like
in the example above, your measurement is quite precise. Precision is not the
same as accuracy. As previously said, you can be quite precise and still being
inaccurate. You can also be exact while being accurate.

3. What are the examples of errors in measurement that repeated trials can
minimize?
List down at least two errors.
 Rounded data may result in additional errors. Repeat trials, on the other hand, can
aid in the minimization of mistakes because the more measurements we take, the
more reliable the results become. Measurement errors include incorrect readings
and data recording, as well as rounding values up and down. For example, while
getting a reading from the instrument meter, the observer may read 13 as 18.
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4. The value of 𝜋 is irrational. Why is it acceptable to use only a rounded value of
𝜋 instead of using as many digits as you can when using it in calculations?
Discuss your answer.
 In calculations, it’s very hard to familiarize the exact number of a mathematical
expression like pie (𝜋) and Euler's number (e) so the very best way to proceed to
calculation is by giving their approximation. For example, the professor gave an
assignment, and he will be satisfied with an answer taken to the hundredths place
(2.97), the professor isn't concerned with the exact answer because there is no
reason to be so precise and too accurate, since 2.97 and 2.9725849174 are
essentially the same thing. The point is that the rounded value of pi and the one
that isn't rounded is essentially the same and it is easy to use for calculations
instead of putting its whole value. Thus, it is acceptable to use the rounded value.

5. The default uncertainty for an analog device is half its least count, but for a
digital device, it is the least count itself. Give a possible reason for this.
 A measuring stick that only counts meters is a simple example. Even though the
only mark on the stick is a meter, you can still count yourself to that result if an
object is a meter and a half. However, if you use a digital machine to calculate
the length of an item, it will discard all additional data. This example doesn't
explain why analog devices only count in exactly HALF the least count, and I
honestly don't know how to explain why. Experiment with other instances; this
typically helps.

6. From the calculated values of 𝜋, determine their percent error. Are your data
acceptable based on these values? Why or why not?
 The percent errors of the calculated π in English System and Metric System are
1.21% and 3.04%, respectively. Percent error tells if a data is acceptable or not.
Smaller value of percent error means that your data is close to the actual value.
Moreover, percent error can be reported as absolute error by multiplying to its
central value divided by 100%. In English System, the measurement is 3.18±0.04
which means that the actual value lies between its ranges from 3.14 to 3.22. And
for Metric System, the measurement is 3.24±0.10 which means that the actual
value lies between its ranges from 3.14 to 3.34. In conclusion, we can say that the
calculated values of π is acceptable.

7. From the two measurements, one using SI units and another using English
units, which is more precise? Which one is more accurate? Discuss your answer.
 Performing the activity by getting the measurements of the given object with
different sizes, we can determine which type of measurement is more precise
and more accurate. We had use centimeters (cm) in terms of SI unit while
inches (inch) in terms of English unit. As we measured the objects, it is already
visible for us which measuring units is more precise and more accurate. English
unit (inches) is more precise because it shows more significant figures based on
the data that we had measured in both diameter and circumference. While on
the other hand the SI unit (cm) is more accurate than the English unit (inch)
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 because the value of the measurement that has been taken was close to each
other that support what is accuracy means.
DOCUMENTATION